Full-mark answer formula for appreciation of ancient Chinese poetry in the College Entrance Examination
——A compilation of problem-solving techniques for poetry appreciation
The first mode analyzes imagery and artistic conception
Questioning method: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
Question variations: What picture does this poem paint? What thoughts and feelings does the poet express?
Answer analysis: This is the most common question type. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginative state created by the combination of objects (i.e. images) that entrust the poet's emotions. It includes three aspects: scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Answer steps:
①Describe the scene shown in the poem. And accurately summarize the candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own words. When describing, you must first be faithful to the original poem, and second, use your own associations and imagination to recreate it. The language must be beautiful.
② Summarize the atmosphere characteristics created by the scenery. Generally, two two-syllable words can be used, such as lonely and deserted, quiet and beautiful, majestic and majestic, bleak and desolate, etc. Pay attention to accurately reflecting the characteristics and mood of the scenery.
③Analyze the author’s thoughts and feelings. Don't be vague, be specific in your answers. For example, just answering "expressing the author's sentimental feelings" is not enough. Answer why it is "sentimental".
Answer examples:
Two quatrains (Part 1) Du Fu
The rivers and mountains are beautiful in Chiri, and the spring breeze is fragrant with flowers and grass. The mud melts and swallows fly, and the sand is warm and mandarin ducks sleep.
Note: This poem was written when the poet temporarily settled in a thatched cottage in Chengdu after the wandering life of "one year old and four lines of labor". What kind of scenery does this poem describe? What feelings does the poet express? Please give a brief analysis.
Answer: This poem describes a beautiful early spring scene: the sun shines in the spring, the fields are green, the river reflects the sun, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is moist, and the swallows are busy building nests in the mud. , the sun is bright and the sand is warm, the mandarin ducks are sleeping quietly on the sandbar (step 1). This is a clear and gorgeous spring scene picture (step 2). It expresses the poet's joyful and leisurely state of mind after ending his wandering life and settling down (step three).
The second mode is analysis technique type
Questioning method: What expression techniques are used in this poem?
Question variation: Please analyze the expression technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How does the poet express his emotions? What is the effect?
Answering steps:
(1) Accurately indicate what method was used.
(2) Combined with the poem, explain why this technique is used.
(3) How effectively does this technique convey the poet's feelings?
Examples of answers:
Going early Chen Yuyi
The dew invades the camel brown, the morning is light and cold, and the stars are extremely bright. Lonely bridges and dreams, grass and insects chirping deep in the rice fields.
What are the main expression techniques used in this poem? What is the effect?
Answer: Mainly using contrast technique (step 1). Before daybreak, the stars are criss-crossed and extremely bright, contrasting with the darkness of the night; the "humming of grass and insects" contrasts with the silence of the environment (step 2). Both contrasts highlight the poet's early travel and the loneliness in his heart caused by wandering (step three).
The third mode analyzes language features
Questioning method: What are the language features of this poem?
Question variation: Please analyze the language style of this poem. Let’s talk about the language art of this poem.
Answering steps:
(1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features.
(2) Use relevant sentences in the poem to analyze this feature in detail.
(3) Point out what kind of emotions the author expresses.
Answer examples:
Spring Resentment
When you beat up the orioles, don’t teach them to sing on the branches. When I cry, I startle my concubine in my dream, and I cannot get to western Liaoning.
Please analyze the language features of this poem.
Answer: The language of this poem is characterized by freshness, naturalness, and colloquialism (step 1). "Huang Ying'er" is the pronunciation of "er", which shows the innocence and naivety of the woman. "When it cries, it frightens the concubine in her dream, but she cannot go to Liaoxi" uses simple language to indicate that the reason for beating the oriole is because it disturbs her sweet dream of missing her husband (step 2). This very naturally expresses the woman's longing for her husband (step three).
The fourth mode of character refining
Questioning method: What is the most vivid and expressive character in this couplet? Why?
Question variation: A certain word has always been praised by people. What do you think is good about it?
Answer analysis: The ancients paid attention to the refinement of characters when writing poems. This question type requires you to appreciate the beauty of these refined characters. When answering the question, the word cannot be discussed in isolation. It must be placed in the sentence and analyzed in conjunction with the artistic conception and emotion of the whole poem.
Answer steps:
(1) Explain the meaning of the word in the sentence.
(2) Expand the association and put the word into the original sentence to describe the scene.
(3) Point out what kind of artistic conception the word highlights or what kind of emotion it expresses.
Answer examples:
Farewell to Bai Juyi in Nanpu
Farewell to Nanpu is desolate, the west wind curls up in autumn. I feel heartbroken when I see it, so go and don’t look back.
Predecessors believed that the word "kan" may seem ordinary, but in fact it is very expressive. It can truly reveal the image of the lyrical protagonist. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Answer: Agree. Look, in the poem, means looking back (step 1). Li Ren left alone, but he kept looking back. Every time he looked back, he felt heartbroken. This word makes us seem to see the image of the lyrical protagonist with tears in his eyes, wanting to see but not daring to see (step 2). Just the word "look" vividly expresses the sadness of parting (step three).
The fifth mode is that one word leads the whole poem.
Questioning method: A certain word is the key to the whole poem. Why?
Answer analysis: Ancient poetry pays great attention to conception. Often one word or word can constitute the clue of the whole poem, the emotional tone of the whole poem, and the thought of the whole poem. By grasping this word, the proposition can often be seen from the small. , to test the candidate's grasp of the whole poem.
Answer steps:
(1) The role of this word in highlighting the main idea.
(2) Consider the role of the word in the structure of the poem.
Answer examples:
Li Bai heard the flute in Luocheng on a spring night
The sound of someone’s jade flute flew darkly, spreading into the spring breeze and filling Luocheng. In this nocturne, when I hear the willow tree breaking, who can't help but feel the love of my hometown?
The word "break willow" is the key to the whole poem. What does "break willow" mean? Do you agree with the "key" statement and why?
Answer: The meaning of "breaking willow" is "to say goodbye and cherish the distance", and the main theme of the poem is homesickness (step 1). This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute playing the song "Breaking Willow" (Step 2). It can be seen that "breaking willow" is the key to the whole poem.
The sixth mode of emotion, theme type
Questioning method: What thoughts and feelings are expressed? This one