From the preface to dreams by Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty
Last night, it rained suddenly and the wind blew, so I slept soundly and didn't consume wine. Ask the shutter man, Haitang is still there. Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat, red and thin.
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Although Li Qingzhao is not a prolific writer, there are only 40 or 50 poems that have been circulated so far, but they are all "useless" and "numerous poets". This poem "Like a Dream" is an immortal masterpiece that is "called by the world". This poem, with its characters, scenes and dialogues, fully demonstrates the expressive power of the language of Song Ci and the poet's talent. The description of flowers after a night's sleep in a small word expresses the poet's feelings of loving flowers and hurting spring and cherishing his lost youth. The language is fresh, meaningful and thought-provoking.
It rained heavily last night. It's spring, and the famous flowers are just right, but the wind and rain are coming, so I'm in a bad mood and can't sleep, so I can only drown my sorrows by drinking. I drank too much and slept like a log. As a result, I woke up and it was already dawn. But last night's mood was already across my chest, so we have to ask what is hanging in the air together. So, she asked the maid who cleaned the house and opened the blinds: What happened to Begonia? The maid took a look and smiled and replied, "Yes, Haitang hasn't changed at all after a night of wind and rain!" The hostess listened and sighed; "Silly girl, do you know that the green leaves of begonia flowers are lush and the red flowers are withered?"
How to understand the first two sentences is controversial. Gaitui is logical: since it is "a deep sleep does not consume residual wine", (how do you know the "wind and rain" outside the house when "a deep sleep"? How do you know that "the rain suddenly dispersed last night"? Isn't this a contradiction? In fact, these two words cannot be understood by simple things in life, because the poet's original intention is not here, but through these two words to express his infinite love for flowers. Poems that cherish flowers talk more about wind and rain. Bai Juyi's poem "Two Precious Peony Poems" reads: "Those who are bright should spend all their flowers, while those who are at night should cherish the red and watch the fire." Feng Yansi's "Sauvignon Blanc" words: "Red branches are full of branches, green branches are full of branches, and you get up late when you are tired." Zhou Bangyan's "Youth Tour" words: "One night east wind, Haitang bloom, look at the blinds upstairs." The meaning of flowers scattered in the wind and rain is easy to understand. However, it is not easy to understand that "a deep sleep does not consume residual wine" is also about cherishing flowers. However, as long as you read more poems about flowers written by predecessors, it is not difficult to understand. Du fu's poem "three quatrains": "I would rather be drunk and the wind blows away, but I can endure the rain when I wake up." Wei Zhuang's You recorded Bao's poem Xi Hua Yin: "Flowers on branches, flowers on people, and poor colors are all youth. Yesterday, I saw flowers burning, but today I saw flowers falling. Drinking this flower is better than waiting for the spring breeze to blow. " These verses can be used as footnotes for "A sound sleep does not consume wine". Yi An said in the poem "Jade House Spring" praising Hongmei: "Red Crisp is willing to let Qiongbao break and explore the southern branches all over the place. ..... If you want a drink, you can't rest. " It is also a self-annotation of the sentence "sleeping". Although the wording of this word only means that I drank too much last night and haven't stopped since the next morning, there is another meaning behind this wording, that is, I was drunk last night because I cherish flowers. The poetess couldn't bear to see the flowering of Haitang in the Ming Dynasty. She drank too much wine under Haitang last night and is still drunk. There are many words about drinking in Shuyu Ci, which shows that Yi 'an lay man likes drinking. Drinking well will still lead to deep sleep. After deep sleep, the alcohol power has not completely disappeared, which is not a general overdose. As long as the reader thinks about it, why did the poet write the word "deep sleep without residual wine"? The answer can only be "cherish flowers". As far as the meaning of this word is concerned, it is the same as the poems quoted by Du Fu and Bao Wenji. However, the height of Yi 'an is to find a new way. Once you understand the meaning of "cherish flowers" hidden behind "deep sleep without consuming residual wine", then the understanding of the following sentence is "logical"
The next three or four sentences are an inevitable reflection of the psychology of loving flowers. Although he was drunk all night, the first thing Xiao Qing cared about after waking up was the begonia in the garden. Knowing that Haitang couldn't stand the abrasion caused by sudden wind and rain overnight, the window must be a red mess, full of fallen flowers, but I couldn't bear to see it myself, so I tried to ask the maid who was rolling the curtains. The word "try" expresses the poet's ambivalence that he cares about flowers but is afraid to hear the news of flowers falling, and he can't bear to see them with his own eyes but wants to know what is going on. On the other hand, Zhou Bangyan's "Youth Tour": "One night the east wind, Haitang bloom, look at the shutters upstairs." It's vulgar and tasteless. The result of "asking questions"-"But Haitang is still the same." The maid's answer surprised the poet. Originally, I thought that after a night of wind and rain, the begonia flower must have withered and deformed, but the maid rolled up the curtain and looked out, but casually replied: the begonia flower is still the same. The word "que" not only indicates that the maid is unaware of the hostess's doubts, but also indicates that the poet is puzzled after hearing the answer. She thought, "How can Begonia still exist after the rain clears?"? This naturally leads to the last two sentences.
"You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. " This is not only a rebuttal to the maid, but also a soliloquy: this careless girl, do you know that the begonia in the garden should be lush with green leaves and few red flowers! This dialogue shows what poetry and painting can't, and shows the complex expression and tone of the boudoir, which can be described as a vivid pen. "Should" indicates that the poet's speculation and judgment on the scenery outside the window is extremely appropriate. Because she has not witnessed it with her own eyes, she should leave room for her speech. At the same time, the word also implies the meaning of "must" and "have to". Although Haitang is heartless, it can't bloom forever. In short, there is endless helpless love for flowers, but the predicate is shallow and profound. And this layer's affection for flowers is naturally invisible to the "roller blinds" and does not need more attention. After all, she can't be as delicate as the hostess and have a deeper understanding of nature and life. This may be the reason why she gave the above answer. The last sentence "green and fat and red and thin" is the perfect pen of the whole word, which has been praised by the world. "Green" instead of leaves and "red" instead of flowers are the contrast of the two colors; "Fat" describes that the leaves after rain are lush and fat because of sufficient water, and "thin" describes that the flowers after rain are withered and scarce because of unbearable rain. This is the contrast between the two States. Four common words are so vivid and vivid through the collocation and combination of poets, which is really a creation in the use of language. Judging from these four words, the word "red and thin" indicates the gradual disappearance of spring, and "green manure" symbolizes the arrival of summer with green leaves. This very common language is really amazing. Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden from Conghua" said: "This language is very new." Comment on A Bie Lu of Caotang Poetry: "The end of the sentence is especially delicate." None of them are false names.
This little word is only six sentences and thirty-three words, but it is written in a tortuous and euphemistic way, which is very hierarchical. The poet drinks heavily because he loves flowers, but he "questions" because he knows the gratitude of flowers, and asks questions because he doesn't believe the answer of "confinement". So he turned around step by step and expressed his love for flowers in a swaying way. "Selected Poems of Starting a prairie fire" says: "Short poems have numerous twists and turns, and nature is more sacred than words." The evaluation is very appropriate.
Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao (1March 08413 ~11May 55 12) was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan, Shandong. In the Song Dynasty (the turn of the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties), the poetess, represented by graceful and restrained words, was known as "the first talented woman in the ages". In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words. There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works today.