Breaking a spell·Composing a poem to Chen Tongfu as a message
Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty
While drunk, he lit up the lamp to watch the sword, and dreamed of the trumpet blowing camp. Eight hundred miles away, the people under his command are burning, and the sound of fifty strings turning over the Great Wall. Autumn brings troops to the battlefield.
The horse is flying fast, and the bow is like a thunderbolt. Finish the affairs of the king and the world, and win the reputation during and after death. Misfortune happens in vain.
Notes
1. As soon as the title was written, I wrote a poem for Chen Tongfu to send. It is the work of Xin Qiji, a poet from the Song Dynasty. By recalling the heroic lineup and spirit of the author's early anti-golden troops and his own battlefield career, this poem expresses the author's ideal of killing the enemy, serving the country, and regaining lost territory, and expresses the sadness and indignation of the unrequited ambition and the twilight of the hero; by creating a majestic The artistic conception vividly depicts the image of a general who is courageous, loyal and courageous. The whole word breaks the rules in terms of structure. The first nine sentences have one meaning, and the last sentence has another meaning. The last sentence negates the first nine sentences. The first nine sentences are written heartily and vividly, which is just to aggravate the disappointment of the last five words. This kind of art The technique reflects Xin Ci's bold style and originality.
2. Chen Tongfu: Chen Liang (1143-1194), named Tongfu (same father as the first author), was born in Yongkang, Wuzhou (now Yongkang County, Zhejiang) in the Southern Song Dynasty. He and Xin Qiji shared the same goals and became close friends. The style of his poetry is similar to Xin's poetry.
3. Lift the lamp: brighten the wick. Look at the sword: Pull out the sword and take a closer look. Liu Shu's "Qing Suo Gao Yi" Volume 3 said "Poems about Friends": "A man is generous in his life, and he often picks up the lamp and reads the sword."
4. Dream back: Meeting in a dream means that The battlefield scenes described below are just reliving the author's old dreams. Trumpet Company Camp: Trumpets sounded continuously in various military camps. The horn is a military musical instrument, five feet long, shaped like a bamboo tube, made of bamboo, wood, leather, and copper, and painted. Name drawing angle. At first it was only used to blow straight, and later it was used to blow horizontally. Its sound is mournful and high-pitched, and hearing it is inspiring.
5. Babaili: the name of the cow. "Shishuo Xinyu·Taichu" chapter: "Kai Junfu (Kai) has an ox, named Babaili Pi, whose hoof horns are often shining. Wang Wuzi (Ji) said to Junfu: 'I can't shoot as well as you, now I mean to gamble with you. The ox is worth tens of thousands. Since the gentleman relied on his quick hands and said that there was no reason to kill the steed, he ordered Wu Zi to shoot first. However, Wu Zi took advantage of the bed and scolded the left and right: "Quickly investigate." The heart of the cow is coming! 'It will only take a moment to be roasted, but it will be gone soon.' "Han Yu's "Poetry of Yuan He Shengde": "Thousands of cattle braised, thousands of bottles of wine." Su Shi's poem "It's a windy day when I make an appointment with you." When the Duke of Tae is eight hundred miles away, his heroic spirit washes away the sourness of the Confucian scholars. "In the second volume of "Yunxi Friendship", "Zamo Opera" contains Li Rixin's poem "Inscribed on Xian'e Station": "Shangshan Restaurant is long and long, and Chen? Gu? Tou. There is also Taichung beef roasted in several dishes. "Divide (huī) and lower the roast (zhì): reward the roasted beef to the subordinates. Subordinate, subordinate. Hui, the banner in the army. Grilled, chopped cooked meat
6. Fifty strings: originally refers to zither, but here it refers to various musical instruments. "Historical Records: Book of Fengchan": "The emperor made the plain girl play the fifty-stringed harp. She was so sad that the emperor banned it, so he broke the harp into a twenty-five-stringed harp." Li Shangyin's poem "Jinse": "The harp has fifty strings for no reason. , one string and one column, thinking about the Chinese years." Translation: playing. Sound outside the Great Wall: refers to a tragic and rough war song
7. Battlefield: the battlefield. Autumn: In ancient times, troops were ordered to use force, mostly in autumn. Pointing troops: reviewing the troops.
8. "Mazuo" sentence: The war horse runs as fast as Luma. Author: Like... Lu: The name of a good horse, a fast and powerful horse. "Xiangma Jing": "A horse with a white forehead and a toothy mouth is called Yuyan, and his given name is Lu." "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·The Chronicles of Shu·The Biography of the First Master" quotes from "Shiyu": "Liu Bei stationed in Fancheng, Liu Biao was worried about his character. , It was not very trustworthy. Kuai Yue and Cai Mao wanted to get the banquet because of it. When Bei woke up, they escaped. The horse they were riding was named Lu. He crossed the water of Tanxi River in the west of Xiangyang City and drowned. He said anxiously: "De Lu, we are in trouble today, but we must work hard!" Lu Nai jumped three feet and got through." 9. "Gong Ru" sentence: "The Biography of Cao Jingzong in Southern History." ": "Jing Zong said to his relative: 'I used to ride a fast horse like a dragon in the countryside, riding with dozens of young people, stretching the bowstring to make a thunderous sound, and shooting arrows like a hungry owl... This music makes people forget about death, and they don't know how to grow old. Coming soon. '" Thunderbolt originally refers to the sound of thunder, but here it is used to describe the sound of a bowstring.
10. Settlement: to finish things. The affairs of the king and the world: the great cause of unifying the country, which specifically refers to the restoration of the Central Plains.
11. Win: win. Posthumously: after death.
12. Pity: What a pity.
Appreciation
This word begins with two couplets of two, two, two, and expresses multiple layers of affection through specific and vivid descriptions. The first sentence has only six words, but uses three continuous and characteristic actions to create the image of a strong man, allowing readers to experience the inner activities of the character and imagine the environment the character is in from those actions. The meaning is endless. Why eat wine and get "drunk" from it? After being "drunk", why don't you go to bed instead of "burning the light"? "Cho" turned on the "light", why didn't he do anything else but draw out the sword and look at it again and again in the light? ...This series of questions, as long as you read the whole word carefully, you can give the appropriate answers, so there is no need to explain. "The silence speaks". No amount of "explanation" can express the character's inner world more powerfully than this wordless action.
The action of "burning the lamp" highlights the night scene again. In the dead of night, when the whole world was silent, the strong man's thoughts were raging and he could not sleep, so he had to drink wine alone.
After being "drunk", he still couldn't calm down, so he started "burning the light" and then "watching the sword". After tossing and turning, I finally fell asleep. But as soon as he fell asleep, everything he had just thought about turned into a dream again. He didn't say what he was "dreaming" about, but quickly put on a new lens: "Dream back to the trumpet-blowing company camp." The warrior woke up from his sweet dream. It was already dawn, and one military camp was connected to another, and the sound of trumpets sounded. This horn sound has the power to inspire people to move forward courageously. And that strong man happened to be the general in charge of these military camps. So, he jumped up, fully clothed, and wanted to turn everything he imagined in his "drunk" and "dreams" into reality.
In the third and fourth sentences, there is no need to use antithesis, and the poet also used couplets. Too many even sentences can easily appear dull; but here it is just the opposite. The two contrasting and extremely powerful sentences highlight the majestic military appearance and the high fighting mood of the general and soldiers. "Eight hundred miles are under the command, and fifty strings are beating outside the fortress": the soldiers rejoiced and feasted on the roast beef distributed by the general; exciting battle music was played in the army. As soon as the beef was finished, there was a neat queue. The general is full of energy and high spirits, "the autumn order of troops on the battlefield". The word "Autumn" is well placed. Just when "autumn is at its peak" and horses are strong, "ordering troops" to go out for battle heralds the prospect of invincibility.
According to the notation format, "Po Zhen Zi" is composed of two "pieces" with exactly the same syntax, rhythm, and rhyme. The beginning of the second piece is called "passing piece". The general way of writing is: it must be related to the previous piece, but also "change the meaning", thus showing that this is another paragraph, forming the realm of "the mountains are broken and the clouds are connected". Xin Qiji often breaks through this limitation, as is the case with "Congratulations to the Bridegroom: Farewell to the Twelfth Brother of Maojia", and the same is true for this song "Broken Zhenzi: A Poem for Chen Tongfu". After the "Autumn Soldiers on the Battlefield", the atmosphere is majestic and goes straight through the second part of the movie "The horse is so fast, the bow is like a thunderbolt": the general leads the cavalry, the horse whips up, and rushes to the front line at a rapid speed, the bow strings thunder, and thousands of arrows fire. Although no further description was given, from the galloping of the "Deluma" and the loud sound of the "Thunderbolt String", one seems to see several consecutive scenes: the enemies fell off their horses one after another; the remaining soldiers were defeated and retreated in embarrassment; the general took the lead and rode The chase was won, and the battle was over in an instant; triumphal songs were played, the sky was filled with joy, and flags were fluttering.
This is a counterattack. The general is patriotic, but he also pursues fame. Winning a battle and achieving fame not only "settles the affairs of the king and the world" but also "wins fame both during and after life", which should be regarded as "strong".
If it ends here, it is really worthy of being a "strong word". However, in that era when the capitulationists controlled the government, there were no conditions for producing truly "robust poetry". What was written above was just the ideal that the poets diligently pursued. The poet unfolded his rich imagination and transformed into the general in the poem. He had just climbed to the peak of his ideal, and suddenly plummeted back to the cold reality. He sighed sadly: "What a pity it happened in vain!" The gray hair has appeared, but the lost ground has been regained. The ideal becomes a reality. Thinking that I only have great ambitions, but "there is no battlefield to serve the country if I want to die" (borrowing a poem from Lu You's "Longtou Water"), I can only eat wine during sleepless nights, can only "read the sword while drunk", and can only watch the sword in the dark. Racing on the battlefield in the "dream" was a moment of pleasure. This situation is indeed "sad". However, no one "pity" him. So, he wrote this "poem" and sent it to Chen Tongfu, who was in the same "poor" situation.
From the meaning of the whole poem, the first nine sentences are one paragraph, which vividly depicts the image of a courageous, loyal and courageous general, thus expressing the poet's lofty ambitions. The last sentence is a paragraph, expressing the sorrow and indignation of "ambitions are hard to achieve" with a sad sigh. Strong and tragic, ideal and reality, form a strong contrast. From this contrast, we can think of the corruption and incompetence of the Southern Song Dynasty court at that time, the dire straits of the people, and the anguish of all patriots who had no way to serve their country. It can be seen that extremely bold words can also be written extremely implicitly, but it is just different from the implicitness of the graceful school.
There is something worth noting about the tone of this poem. The upper and lower parts of "Po Zhenzi" each have two six-character sentences, both of which are equal to each other. That is, the upper sentence is "廄廄平平廄廄" and the second sentence is "平平廄廄平平", which forms a harmonious and harmonious structure. Soothing syllables. The upper and lower pieces each have two seven-character sentences, but they are not equal to each other, but equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal equal to equal to equal equal to equal to equal equal to equal to equal to the equal to equal to equal to the equal to equal to equal to equal. Harmony and anger, relief and excitement form a unity of contradictions. The author makes good use of this contradictory and unified tone, appropriately expressing the complex psychological changes of the lyrical protagonist and the transformation of many scenes such as the battle preparation, battle progress, and battle victory in the dream, and received a vivid and emotional art. Effect.
There is also something worth noting about the layout of this poem. The phrase "Watching a sword while drunk and burning a lamp" suddenly started, followed by dreams, company and camp divisions, troops on the battlefield, defeating the enemy, like an eagle rising straight up in the sky. And when it was soaring in the sky, it suddenly fell, sighing that "poor things happened in vain", making readers have to shed tears of regret and pity for the author's unfulfilled ambition. This writing method of sudden drop and sudden stop, if used well, is often unexpected and exciting, producing a strong artistic effect. Such a structure is rare not only in Song lyrics, but also in ancient poetry. This artistic technique also expresses Xin Ci's bold style and his original spirit.
However, Xin Qiji's use of such artistic techniques was not intended to show off his skills or pursue novelty. This method of expression was closely integrated with his life emotions and political experiences. Since his ambition of restoration was difficult to realize, and all kinds of feelings came out from his heart, he naturally broke the conventions of form. This is by no means something that ordinary writers who only pay attention to literary form can do.
Li Bai wrote a poem called "Looking at the Past in Yue Zhong". The poem reads: "King Gou Jian of Yue defeated Wu Gui, and the warriors returned home with all their glory. The palace maids are full of flowers, but now only partridges are flying!" In this seven-character poem, three lines are written about the strength of King Gou Jian of Yue, and the last line is highlighted. Although the emotions expressed in the decline of Chugo Kingdom are obviously different, there are similarities in the plot layout, which you can refer to.