Appreciation of Zhi Nan's Poem Jueju
◎ Chuxu
The shade of ancient wood is a short awning, and the stick thistle helps me cross the east of the bridge.
The clothes are wet and the apricot blossoms are raining, and the face is not cold.
In the Chronicle of Song Poetry, the monk Zhinan left such a poem, which had no substantive topic, but appeared in the form of a poem that had nothing to do with meaning. However, it is this poem that makes future generations know its name, especially the last two sentences of the poem, which vividly describes the soft, cool and beautiful February day, and thus becomes a famous sentence throughout the ages.
This poem is about the real feelings in February. In the desolate ancient forest, park the boat in the shade of the shore, tie the cable and board the river bank. "Short canopy" is a ship. At the beginning of this sentence, it seems that the atmosphere is somewhat gloomy. The ancient trees are dense and misty, and it is inevitable that there is a decadent atmosphere around them. It also reminds people that there will be lamentations when there are ancient trees. "Sad birds and ancient trees" seems to be a set image combination. Poets and monks, on the other hand, stopped there, only "in the shadow of ancient trees", turned decay into magic, propped up a boat impartially, unhurriedly tied to the shore, leisurely and square. Although it is not as charming and beautiful as "Evening Waiting for My Love, Green Shore" (Chu Guangxi's "Fishing Bay"), it also has a cool and quiet aesthetic feeling. After tying the boat, the poet stepped on the bridge with a quinoa stick and left for the east. Old trees are mottled and flowing water is gurgling. He seemed to hear the monk leaning on the quinoa stick to tie the bridge. The figure is sparse, step by step, disappearing into another world in Qiaodong. "Quinoa stick" is a crutch. In Song Dynasty, the fifth song of Qin Guan's "The Book of Ningpu" once said that "the body and the stick and the quinoa are two, and the moon and the shadow are three", which made the stick and the quinoa and themselves equal and interdependent in consciousness.
Zhinan's poems are even more unique. In his mind, bonzi quinoa has no function of "helping me" or "helping each other". Instead, it is "help me get the stick quinoa." The poet himself became a quinoa, not a quinoa. What happened? In fact, Zhinan's statement is just right and normal. In the eyes of ordinary people, crutches are supported by people, but crutches become crutches by people. How can I stand on crutches without people? People can not support crutches, but crutches must support people. Therefore, people don't use sticks and quinoa to help people, but people use sticks and quinoa. Naturally, "sticks and quinoa help me cross the East Bridge". On the surface, the way Zen people look at things is contrary to logic and common sense, but it is this abnormality that constitutes the curiosity of divine poetry and finally returns to normal. Among them, it is profound and reasonable, but it is deeper and more tortuous than ordinary people. This is what the Zen master said: "hoe empty-handed, ride a buffalo on foot." The meaning and essence of "people cross the bridge, the bridge does not flow"
In the rhythmic sound of "Benedict", Zhang helped the poet walk from Qiaoxi to Qiaodong. The East Bridge and the West Bridge seem to give people a feeling of two worlds. Here is still the ancient trees hanging down, lush, but here is the apricot blossom, spring rain, a bright future. "If you want wet clothes, apricot blossoms and rain, you won't feel better. In February, it is apricot rain that often rains when apricot flowers are in full bloom. It is the willow wind blowing from the willows, which blows on people's faces and does not feel cold. " "apricot blossom rain" refers to the scene of apricot blossom in Qingming Festival. Desire to be wet "is a state of being at arm's length. It seems to be wet but not wet, but it is still wet if you want to disturb, wet without touching, and wet without showering.". This is the pleasant and harmonious feeling brought by apricot blossom rain. More importantly, the spring breeze in February makes the willow feel soft and warm, cool and beautiful but not cold on the face, which really constitutes a poetic and dreamy realm. People are in it, shaped like misty apricot flowers and willow trees; It feels like a crisp drizzle, like a bit of breeze, like enjoying the beauty of bright eyes behind the curtain of cicada yarn, expressing a special feeling for nature.
Poets Zhao and Guo in the Song Dynasty uploaded: "Monks feel southern poetry, and Zhu Wengong tastes it: Nanci poetry is more beautiful than Gree leisure. Is there any food? 7? 2 gas. Like a cloud, "I want to wet my skirt, I want to rain and apricot flowers, and I have a bright future." "Give it deep love. It was not easy for Zhu to write a postscript for his poems at that time, and we can also see the influence of Zhinan's poems at that time. Taking this quatrain as an example, Zhu said that his poem has no vegetables? 7? 2 gas. "In the Song Dynasty, it seems that' bamboo shoots are odorless' is the highest state. Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden from Conghua" (Volume 57) quoted Xiqing's poem as saying: "Dongpo monk's poem should have no food? 7? 2 gas, solid poet turtle. In other words, a monk's poem should have a clear rhyme, a family style, and a weather under the forest by the water. This poem by Zhinan seems to be up to standard, and has been praised by Zhu, who pays attention to standards in everything.
In fact, whether there are "bamboo shoots" is not necessarily the highest standard for discussing monk poems. No matter whether it is a monk or a layman, the true meaning of poetry has no clear boundaries. "A real poet must lose a monk's heart, and a real monk must also have a poet's heart. (Qian Zhongshu's "Talking about Arts" quoted Fabai's "Poetry Alcohol") The reason why Zhinan's poetry is praised is mainly because it writes a poetic interest or Zen interest in ordinary scenery. The different realms of the East Bridge and the West Bridge, the abnormal combination of "branches supporting me" and the femininity of apricot flowers, rain and willow wind are both ordinary and poetic. As Mr. Qian Zhongshu said in "Talking about Art", "It's usually unusual. For example, people should eat and drink, and those who know the taste are fresh. If you concentrate and consciously forget yourself, you won't forget yourself; Things change, you can't pursue them, you can only imitate them. Vague, poor words, so you can't know every line, you can't say what you know, and you don't know why. " It is also a common scene. Different people will have different "words" and get different aesthetic gains. Zhinan became a Buddha and a demon, leaving a good poem because he knew it from Qiaodong to Qiaoxi.