Spring water, rivers, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds; My body is getting weaker and my eyesight is dim. Looking at the flowers on the shore is like a mist.
The listless curtains saw butterflies flying by; Seagulls skimmed over the rapids.
Standing in the direction of Tanzhou, looking north, looking straight at Chang 'an, the sky is like a white cloud, and there is a van parked there, suddenly worried. Translate cold food festival, landscape writing and notes about the country and people
In the slight cold season, I barely ate a little, leaned against the promise and sat on the floor. Wuji was worn and sewed many times, wearing a brown hat on his head. Spring has come, the rising tide lifts all boats, and the rivers are vast, floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; I am weak and my eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore, it seems that there is a layer of mist. Seeing butterflies and seagulls traveling freely, each has its own position. Standing in Tanzhou and looking straight at Chang 'an, it looks like white clouds in the sky. There was a Van Dory who suddenly felt sad.
The appreciation of this poem was made by Du Fu during his stay in Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan Province) more than half a year before his death, that is, in the spring of 770 A.D. (the fifth year of Dali), which showed his thoughts and feelings of wandering in the rivers and lakes in his later years and still deeply concerned about the safety of the Tang Dynasty.
Snacks refer to the day after cold food and the day before Qingming. From cold food to Qingming, the fire was banned for three days, so the first sentence said, "Good morning is strong, and the diet is still cold." On holidays, the poet gets happy and drinks heartily despite his serious illness. "Drinking a lot" not only means that the sick body can't stand alcohol, but also reveals the feeling of being reluctant to take a holiday in the wandering. This opening is a lyrical description of the scenery in the poem, and an internally related opening is arranged. The second sentence describes the lonely image of the poet on the ship. The title of "Guan Guan" was passed down as a crown made of feathers worn by Guan Zi, a hermit of Chu, pointing out that the author lost his official position and was not used by the court. Down and out, penniless, still worried about the current situation, missing the court, is the biggest injury of Du Fu. The "strong drink" and "Guan Yu" in the first couplet just sum up the author's life experience at this time, and also contain the endless bitterness in his life.
The second couplet is followed by the first couplet, which vividly writes what the poet saw and felt on the ship, and is a famous sentence that has been passed down all the time. Left comments on these two sentences: spring comes, the water rises and the river flows, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; The poet is weak and his eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore, it seems that there is a layer of mist. Sitting in the sky and looking at flowers in the fog are very close to the reality of the old, the weak and the sick, giving readers a very real feeling; There is an ethereal layer in reality, which sets off the author's ups and downs. The ups and downs of this kind of emotion not only hurt the poet's later years, but also contain deeper feelings: the current situation is turbulent and unpredictable, just like looking at flowers in the fog, and the truth is hard to understand. Delicate and subtle brushwork shows the poet's deep anxiety, delicate observation and expressive force.
The third sentence is about the scenery on the river. The first sentence "Juanjuan is shooting butterflies" is a close-up inside the ship, so it is said that "it is too idle" and the second sentence "pieces of light gulls" is the prospect outside the ship, so it is said that "it is rushing down". On the surface, it seems that it has nothing to do with up-and-down association, but it is not. These two sentences inherit the view that the water in the air is seen from the ship. The word "leisure" in the "leisure curtain" responds to the "depression" in the second sentence of the first couplet. Curtains are idle, boats are lonely and butterflies are flying in the air. "Rapids" refers to the rapids in the river. Fragments of Bai Ou flitted briskly by the stream and flew into the distance. It is this view that butterflies and seagulls move freely, which makes people easy to compare, causing the author trapped on the ship to worry about "going straight north" and looking at Chang' an from afar, and it is very natural to transition to the tail couplet. In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Dragon quoted Zhu Han when he read Du Xinjie: "Butterfly gulls are free, and the clouds are empty, so they are worried about the scenery." It also points out the connection between the third link and the last link in scenery and emotion.
The last two sentences of the poem are a collection of whole poems. The cloud says "white" and the mountain says "green", which is the natural scenery on the river in the spring of the Cold Food Festival. Wan Yuli draws the author's thoughts with cascading green hills and white clouds, paving the way for the conclusion. The sentence "sad to see" contains the thoughts and feelings of the whole poem, and embodies the deep sorrow for "straight north is Chang 'an". Pu Qilong said, "Clouds and white mountains and green hills are suitable for good luck" and "Worrying about looking straight north" is suitable for seclusion. "This is just a literal analysis of the beginning and end of the dark period. In fact, this sentence condenses the feelings in the boat, the feelings far and near, and even the poet's sad feelings about how difficult the current situation is. It sums up the whole poem with a word "sorrow", which not only ends the whole poem with dignity, but also has infinite affection. Therefore, Du Shi Jing Quan said that "the knot has a far-reaching spirit".
This poem draws lessons from Shen Quanqi's poems, such as "People are suspicious of sitting in the sky, fish is hanging like a mirror" ("Fishing Rod") and "Clouds and white mountains are thousands of miles away" ("Far with Mr. Du, I have tried the ridge").
BACKGROUND: The Cold Food Festival, also known as "Smoke-free Festival", "Cold Food Festival" and "Hundred Fifth Festival", is one hundred and five days after the summer calendar, and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. When the first day of the day is a holiday, smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten. Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, which is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang. Du Fu
An apricot goes out of the wall, and the layman on the wall is lonely. But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy. Depression is far away, windy and rainy and dusty. The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall. Loneliness and sadness, but also self-dispatch, self-control sadness. The moon curtain was only a few feet away, and the black magpie was shocked and white. Where is the depression of younger brothers and sisters? Let's go to war and thank each other! Jade screen should be, eyebrows hate leaning on dusk. Disappeared, which broke my heart. Too lazy to change clothes, it is difficult to get credit for wine. It's a pity that I can't see plum blossoms tonight. The sadness and melancholy there, you won't know, is already my Aika, no longer too sad. Under the sad bridge, the spring waves are green, which used to be a stunning photo. Yellow flowers are heartless things, and they are fragrant in the evening. When you are worried, you must give up drinking. Before you wake up, your troubles have come back first. Orchids are ancient, Du Ruo is still alive, and the water town is still a tourist attraction.