A summary of the classification of various images in classical poetry
1. Trees:
The ups and downs of trees: the ups and downs and smoothness of career and life
Yellow leaves: withered mature beauty, slow metabolism
Green leaves: vitality, hope and vitality Bamboo: positive integrity
Willow: farewell, nostalgia and sadness for the beauty of spring
Breaking willows: This is a custom in the Han Dynasty to say farewell. The latter part of the house expresses the feeling of saying farewell and cherishing the distant future.
"Willow": sad farewell feelings. Smoke piled in willows on the embankment: it can trigger the past like smoke, and is often used to express the feeling of rise and fall.
Red leaves: Generationally referred to as a thing that conveys feelings, later it also refers to conveying feelings through poetry.
Pine and cypress: firm, proud, strong and vitality
Pine: Pine tree is a model of proud frost and snow, and is naturally the object of praise by everyone.
Li Bai's "Giving a Book to the Emperor Huang Shang": "I hope you will learn from the pine tree, and be careful not to be a peach and plum." Wei Huangshang has always flattered the powerful, and Li Bai wrote poems to persuade him, hoping that he would become an upright person.
Liu Zhen, a native of the Three Kingdoms, wrote in "Gift to Congdi": "Don't you suffer from the cold? Pines and cypresses have their own nature." With this sentence, the poet encouraged his cousin to be as loyal as giving him pine and cypresses, and to maintain a noble attitude under any circumstances. quality.
Wutong: Wutong is a symbol of desolation, misery and sadness.
For example, Wang Changling's "Chang Xin Qiu Ci": "The autumn leaves of Jinjing sycamores are yellow, and the bead curtains are not curled up by the night frost. The jade pillow in the smoked cage has no color, and I lie down and listen to Nangong's clear leaks." It is written about being deprived. It depicts the scene of a girl who has lost her youth, freedom and happiness, lying alone in a desolate and lonely palace, listening to uterine leakage. The first sentence of the poem begins with the yellowing sycamore trees beside the well, creating a desolate and lonely atmosphere.
Yuanren Xu Zaisi's "Double Tune Water Fairy? Night Rain": "The sound of phoenix leaves and the sound of autumn, the sound of bananas and the sound of sadness, the third watch returns to the dream after the third watch."
With the phoenix tree The leaves falling and the rain hitting the banana trees fill the air with melancholy. Others include "One leaf, one sound, and the empty steps are dripping into the morning" (Tang Dynasty Wen Tingyun's "Geng Liuzi"), "The sycamore tree is also drizzling, and at dusk, it is dripping bit by bit" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound"), etc.
2. Flowers and plants:
Flowers blooming: hope for the brilliance of youthful life
Flowers falling: withering, frustration, life and career setbacks
< p>Xichun’s nostalgia and remembrance of beautiful things.Peach blossom: symbolizes beauty.
Orchid: Gao Jie
Peony: Wealth and beauty
Grass: Strong vitality, endless hope, desolation, remoteness, hatred and humble status
< p>Grain millet: the sorrow of millet separation (the current prosperity and past decline of the country)The three friends (pine, bamboo, plum) and chrysanthemum symbolize the noble character of a person
Hongdou: That is, the acacia bean refers to a token of love between a man and a woman, and is a metaphor for the love or friendship between a man and a woman. It comes from Wang Wei's poem "Lovesickness": "Red beans grow in the South. When spring comes, a few branches will appear. I advise you to pick more. This is the most lovesick thing." The poet expressed his nostalgia for his friends through red beans born in the South.
Chrysanthemum: reclusive, noble and refined
Chrysanthemum: Although chrysanthemum cannot be compared with the beautiful and fragrant peony, nor can it be compared with the orchid that is a hundred times more valuable, but as a flower of pride, It has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its noble temperament.
Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Drinking magnolias in the morning and the falling dew, dining with autumn chrysanthemums in the evening." The poet symbolizes his nobility and purity of character by drinking dew and eating flowers.
Chrysanthemums written by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty: "The autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. If these flowers are in full bloom, there will be no flowers at all." It expresses the poet's love for perseverance and perseverance. The pursuit of noble character. Others "I would rather die holding the fragrance on the branches than blowing down among the flowers" ("Cold Chrysanthemum" by Zheng Sixiao of the Song Dynasty), "The lonely east fence is wet with dew, and the gold in front shines on the sand" ("Two Chrysanthemums after the Double Ninth Festival" by Fan Chengda of the Song Dynasty) In other poems, chrysanthemums are used to express the poet's spiritual quality. The chrysanthemum here has undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
Plum: Aoxue is strong and unyielding in adversity
Plum: Plum blossoms are the first to bloom in the severe cold, and then lead to the fragrance of brilliant flowers. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are favored by poets. Admiration and praise.
Plum Blossoms by Chen Liang of the Song Dynasty: "One flower suddenly changes first, and hundreds of flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristics of plum blossoms that bloom first, and wrote a story about not being afraid of setbacks and daring to be the first in the world. Quality is not only a tribute to Mei, but also to oneself.
Wang Anshi's "Plum Blossoms": "You know it's not snow from a distance, because there is a faint fragrance." The poem not only describes the plum blossoms that spread far due to the wind, but also implicitly expresses the purity and whiteness of the plum blossoms, which receives the fragrance. Excellent artistic effect.
Lu You's famous poem "Ode to Plum Blossoms": "It fell into mud and was crushed into dust, but only the fragrance remains the same." The plum blossoms are used to describe his tortured misfortune and his noble sentiments that he does not want to join in the misfortune.
In "Mo Mei" written by Wang Mian of the Yuan Dynasty: "Don't let people praise the good color, just leave the pure energy to fill the world." It also uses the pure and pure plum blossoms to reflect one's unwillingness to be complicit in the quality of the poem. The words are simple but the meaning is profound.
Lotus: Since "Lotus" and "Lian" have the same sound, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poems to express love.
For example, "Xizhou Song" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasty: "When I am picking lotus in Nantang in autumn, the lotus flowers are more than people's heads; I lower my head to pick up the lotus seeds, which are as green as water."
"Lotus" means "pity", and "green" means "qing". This is both real and fictitious writing, with pun meaning and homophonic pun rhetoric, expressing a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. .
No. 35 of "Forty-two Midnight Songs" of Jin Dynasty: "The mist and dew hide the hibiscus, and the lotus cannot be seen clearly." "The mist and dew have hidden the true face of the lotus, and the lotus leaves are visible but not very clear. This is also a method of using homophonic puns to describe a woman who vaguely feels that her man is in love with her.
Using the mature metaphor of plums A girl's recollection of spring is like "leaning against the door and looking back, sniffing the green plums" (Li Qingzhao's "Red Lips")
Lilac refers to sad thoughts or complexes, such as "since I left Nanpu, I have been worried about seeing lilac knots" ( "Thanks a lot" by Niu Qiao of the Tang Dynasty)
3. Animals:
Apes: sad and sad
Du Fu's "Deng Gao" "The wind is strong and the sky is high, the ape howls in mourning" ”
Dove: pursuit of ideals
Fish: freedom and comfort
Eagle: success in the fighting career of a strong and free life
Dog, Chicken: Breath of life, pastoral life
(Skinny) Horse: Galloping in pursuit of wandering
Crow: The villain is a vulgar guest and a mediocre man is sad
Shagull: Wandering and sad
Bird: Symbol of freedom
莼[chún]苹苍: Refers to the flavor of hometown. Later, literati used the term "Water Shield Soup with Perch" and "莹谹秋思" to refer to homesickness.
Double carps: refers to letters
The Han Yuefu poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" says: "A guest came from afar and left me a pair of carps. Hu'er cooks carp, and there is a ruler in it. Later, two carps were used as a proxy for letters from distant places.
Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies: The quote comes from "Zhuangzi? On the Equality of Things": "In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed of butterflies, and they were lifelike butterflies." . Self-explanation is suitable for ambition and not knowing Zhouye. Suddenly I feel like I'm in a state of confusion. I don’t know if Zhou Zhimeng is Hu (butterfly) butterfly? Hu (butterfly) butterfly's dream is Zhou and Hu (butterfly)? Zhou and Hu (butterfly) butterfly, then there must be a difference. This is called materialization. "Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that things and I are one and all things are equal. Later, literati used it to refer to confusing dreams and unpredictable things. For example, Lu You's "Winter Night" poem goes: A cup of poppies, Zhuang Zhou's two butterflies "Everything is empty."
(Gu) Yan: Loneliness, homesickness and family news. Hongyan: Letter - longing for relatives.
Swan geese: The swan geese are large migratory birds that migrate south every autumn, often causing travelers to feel homesick for their loved ones and sad to travel.
For example, Xue Daoheng from the Sui Dynasty wrote in "Everyone Thinks of Returning Home": "When people return home after the wild geese have fallen, their thoughts are in front of the flowers." The thought of returning home started long before the flowers bloomed; but when the geese have gone north, Return, people have not returned home yet. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasty, he went to Chen as an envoy to the Southern Dynasty and wrote this poem about returning home, which is implicit and tactful.
Those who use wild geese to express their thoughts include "I hear the returning wild geese at night and miss each other, and when I am ill and enter the new year, I feel the splendor of things" (Ouyang Xiu's "Playing Reply to Yuan Zhen"), "The remaining stars count the wild geese across the block, and the sound of the flute makes people "Leaning on the building" ("Autumn View of Chang'an" by Zhao Gu of the Tang Dynasty), "The stars are cold on the blue pool water, and the geese cry sadly in the red polygonum wind" ("Moonlight Night Boat" by Dai Fufu of the Song Dynasty), etc.
Swan geese are also used to refer to letters. Everyone is familiar with the allusion of Hongyan sending letters, and the use of Hongyan as a messenger to deliver letters is also common in poetry. For example, "When the swan geese arrive, there will be abundant autumn water in the rivers and lakes" (Du Fu's "Li Bai is pregnant with me at the end of the day"), "When the swan geese arrive, there will be many tears in the Xianghuang River" (Li Shangyin's "Li Si"), etc.
Partridge: The image of partridge also has specific connotations in ancient poetry. The chirping of the partridges makes people sound like "brother who can't do it", which can easily evoke the association of a difficult and dangerous journey and the sadness of separation.
For example, "The sun is falling on the vast autumn grass, and the partridges are crowing far away." (Li Qunyu of the Tang Dynasty, "I hear partridges on Jiuzi Slope"), "The river is sad in the evening, and I hear partridges deep in the mountains" (Xin Qiji, "Bodhisattva Man") ?Book "Jiangxi Ostomy Wall"), etc., the partridges in the poem are not a kind of bird in a purely objective sense.
Hanging cicadas: Cicadas after autumn cannot live long. After the autumn rain, the cicadas will only have a few intermittent whining sounds, and their life is at stake. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness.
For example, the first two sentences of "Cicada" written by Luo Binwang of the Tang Dynasty: "The cicadas sing in the Western Continent, and the guests in the Southern Crown are deep in thought." [Western Continent: Autumn] The cicada sings loudly to exaggerate his deep thoughts in prison. The feeling of home. The opening line of "Rain Lin Ling" by Liu Yong of the Song Dynasty is: "The cicadas are mournful, it is late in the pavilion, and the showers have begun to subside." Before the separation is directly described, the feeling of "miserable and miserable" has filled the readers' hearts, brewing a kind of It is enough to trigger the atmosphere of separation and separation. Poems such as "The cicadas chirp at my side" ("Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao" by Cao Zhi, a man of the Three Kingdoms) also express this sentiment.
Yuanyang refers to a loving couple, such as "If you are successful, why would you die? If you want to be a mandarin duck, you will not envy the immortals" ("Ancient Meanings of Chang'an" by Lu Zhaolin of the Tang Dynasty).
"Swallow": Swallows are migratory birds that migrate with seasonal changes. They like to stay in pairs and stay in other people's houses or under the eaves. Therefore, it is favored by the ancients and often appears in ancient poetry. It may cherish the spring and despise the autumn, or exaggerate the sorrow of separation, or express lovesickness, or sentimental about current events. The richness of the images and the richness of the expressions are beyond the reach of other things.
(1) Express the beauty of spring and convey the feeling of cherishing spring. According to legend, swallows come north on the sun in spring and return to the south on the sun in autumn. Therefore, many poets use it as a symbol of spring to beautify and praise it.
For example, "The flowers in the underworld are blooming, and the swallows are blooming with new breasts" (Wei Yingwu's "Chang'an Encounter with Feng"), "The swallows come to Xinshe, and the pear blossoms lag behind the Qingming" (Yanshu's "Po Zhenzi"), "The Yingying Yanyan Chun" In spring, the flowers and willows are real, and everything is rich and charming" (Qiao Ji's "The Sky is Pure and the Sand is Pure"), "The birds are singing in the fragrant trees, and the swallows are holding yellow willow flowers" (Zhang Kejiu's "The Man on the Railing: Late Spring"), Shi Dazu, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, even used the word "swallow" in his poem "Shuangshuangyan? Ode to Swallow": "I still look at the caisson with carved beams, and I can't decide in soft words. The flowers are floating quickly, and the green tail separates the red shadow." After thorough research, they are similar in form and spirit. The spring is bright and brilliant, and the swallows are petite and cute. In addition, the literati are sentimental. When spring passes, the poet will be infinitely sad. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu said, "After all the tourists have gone, they can feel the spring sky. The curtains are lowered, and the swallows return in the drizzle." ("Cai") "Sang Zi"), Qiao Ji has the sadness of "Whose house does the swallow hide in the spring? The old orioles are shy and look for companions, the wind is cold and lazy to report to the yamen (gathering honey), the hungry crows cry evil" ("Water Fairy").
(2) Express the beauty of love and convey the feeling of missing your lover. Swallows have always been a symbol of love, as the male and female fight each other and follow each other when they fly. "Think of them as two flying swallows, carrying a mud nest in the king's house." When a swallow flies, its feathers are missing, and its son returns and is sent far away into the wild" ("The Book of Songs? Yan Yan"). It is precisely because of the pairing of swallows that it causes lovers to place their affection on the swallow and desire to fly together. thoughts. Only then can there be the loneliness of the empty boudoir, "The cobwebs hang in the dark window, and the swallows fall on the empty beams with mud" (Xue Daoheng, "Xi Xi Salt"), and the "Flower Flower Man is independent, and the tiny swift swallows fly together" (Yan Jidao, "Linjiang Immortal") Melancholy and jealousy, there is the loneliness and desolation of "The curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away" (Yan Shu, "Po Zhen Zi"), and there is "The moon first rises above the yellow willow, and the swallows return to the jade tower first" (Zhou Deqing, "Happy Spring") "Come")'s frustration and neglect, there is the nostalgic expectation of "flowers blooming and traveling far away, jade softening spring events, swallows flying in the east wind thatched cottage" (Zhang Kejiu, "Qingjiang Yin"). All these are not enough.
(3) Express the changes in current events and express the emotion and grief of past prosperity and present decline, personnel changes, and the destruction of the country and the family. Swallows never forget their old nests as autumn passes and spring comes back. Poets have seized on this characteristic to vent their indignation. The most famous one is Liu Yuxi's "Woyi Alley": "There are wild flowers and wild flowers beside the Suzaku Bridge, and the setting sun is setting at the entrance of Wuyi Alley." In the old days, the swallows in front of Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people. In addition, there are also Yan Shu's "The flowers fell helplessly, and the familiar swallows returned, and the fragrant paths in the small garden wandered alone" ("Huanxi Sand"), and Li Haogu's "The Swallows Return" title. Embroidered curtains, the old nest is nowhere to be found" ("Visiting Kinmen? Nostalgia for the Former Residence"), Jiang Kui's "The swallows are unintentional, wandering on the west bank of Taihu Lake, drifting away with the clouds, counting the peaks of poverty, Shang Lue's evening rain" ("Dian Xiangchun"). ), Zhang Yan's "The swallows knew where they were back then, but the moss was deep and the weeds were winding, and the grass was dark in the sloping river" ("High Balcony"), Wen Tianxiang's "The scenery of mountains and rivers remains the same, but half of the people in the city have changed. The reed flowers all over the ground accompany me." "Old man, who are the swallows flying by in my old home?" ("Jinling Station"). The swallow has no intention, but it has witnessed the changes in current events and endured the suffering of the country and family. It expresses the poet's sadness of "millet separation", and the load can be said to be heavy.
(4) Passing letters from generation to generation, secretly expressing the pain of separation. In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Shaolan passed down his poems from Yanzu to his husband Ren Zong. Ren Zong left home and traveled to Jiahu and did not return for several years. Shao Lan wrote poems and tied them to Yan Zu. At that time, Renzong was in Jingzhou, and Yan suddenly parked on his shoulder. He saw the book tied to his feet, and he looked at it. It was sent by his wife, and he returned home in tears. His poem "Sending a Husband" says: "My son-in-law went to Chonghu, wept at the window and wrote a letter of blood. He was diligent and devoted to his unlucky husband with the wings of a swallow." Who said that "the swallows in Liang Dynasty are too ruthless" (Cao Xueqin, "Dream of Red Mansions"), it is exactly that Because of Yanzi's affection, the husband changed his mind and the couple met. Guo Shaolan was lucky. Some unfortunate women used Yan to send letters, but they were never heard from again, such as "The sad swallow left a red line on its feet, and the annoying luan shadow idled around the fan" (Zhang Kejiu, "Sai Hongqiu: Spring Love"), " With tearful eyes, she leans against the building and talks to herself. When the two swallows come, will they meet each other on the street?" (Feng Yansi, "Butterfly Loves Flowers"). Its tragic pain and deep thoughts make people moved, and then shed tears.
(5) Express the sadness of traveling and describe the pain of wandering. "Holistic, intuitive, and analogy are the dominant ways of thinking of the Han nation" (Zhang Dainian, "Chinese Thinking Tendency"). Flowers, birds, insects, and fish are all described by literati, and birds and animals all show the talent of a poet. The crow of wild geese mourns the autumn, the song of apes touches the clothes, the fish passes on the ruler, and the cicada sends its message high and far away. The uncertain habitat of the swallow leaves the poet with rich imagination space, or it may wander, "Every year, it is like a new swallow, drifting in the vast sea, coming to send messages to repair rafters." "(Zhou Bangyan, "Man Ting Fang"); or life experiences have been ups and downs, "Looking at Chang'an, the future is bleak and patchy, traveling south to north with Yan Zheng, the journey is difficult" (Zhang Kejiu, "Happiness in Front of the Palace"); or they meet again. Farewell, "like a swallow and a flying red bird, they see each other off before they meet" (Su Shi's "Farewell to Chen Mu Zhitanzhou"); or they are separated from time to time, "magnets fly on the ground, mica comes to the water, earth dragons send rain, swallows and wild geese fly on their behalf" ( Liu An? "Huainanzi"). The swallow is no longer just a swallow, it has become a symbol of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and has been integrated into the blood of every descendant of the Yan and Huang Dynasties.
4. Wind, frost, rain and snow. Water and cloud categories:
The sea: vast power, deep momentum, waves: the ups and downs of life
The turbulence of the waves: the dangers of life, the treacherousness of rivers and lakes
River water: the flow of time The short and long sorrow of the passing years.
The development trend of history
Smoke: the haziness of emotions, the confusion of a bleak future, the failure of vague ideals, and disillusionment
Light rain: the subtle enlightenment of the hope and vitality of the spring scene
< p>Heavy rain: The power of cruel and passionate political struggle to sweep away evil forces and cleanse the power of filthSpring breeze: broad-minded joy and hope East wind: beautiful spring
West wind: loneliness, melancholy, decline, wanderers thinking about returning home Strong wind: the power to cause chaos and destroy the old world
Frost: the harshness of the social environment where life is easy to grow old, the rampant evil forces, the bumps and setbacks in life
Snow: the harshness of the pure and beautiful environment The rampant manifestation of evil forces: the shortness of life and the perishability of life
Cloud: The wandering wanderer uses floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "the wandering clouds are like a wanderer's thoughts, and the setting sun is the love of an old friend" (Li Bai's "Send Off a Friend").
The sky is cloudy: depression, sadness and loneliness, the sky is clear: joy, brightness, golden wind: autumn wind
The image of "water"
(1) Because of the softness and coolness of water , water is often used to describe things that are tangible but difficult to grasp, such as moonlight.
For example: "The sky is as cold as water at night, and I sit and watch Altair and Vega." It reflects the tragic fate of women in the feudal era from the side.
(2) Because water is constantly sheared and soft, water is often used to describe sorrow.
For example, Li Bai's "A knife cuts off the water, and the water flows more, and a cup is raised to eliminate sorrow and sorrow." It expresses the poet's worries and sorrows caused by his strong feeling that the contradiction between reality and ideals is irreconcilable.
5. Utensils
Jade: Revisiting the noble place and refining the vulgarity
Pearl: Beautiful and flawless hairpin tassel
(Crown): Official position Fame
Pounding the Anvil of Clothes: A woman’s longing for her husband.
Xilou Xiaolou: feelings of resentment;
Silk and bamboo: music;
History: historical records;
Men: men;
Women: women;
Sangzi: hometown;
Xuanyuan: motherland;
Sanchi: law;
< p>Cun Guan: pen;Blue Bird: Messenger
Ship: Lanzhou, Zhengfan Quba (often used as a metaphor for a solitary boat), Qianglu (a metaphor for a large ship or a warship).
Wu Gou: generally refers to a sword or sharp sword. For example, Xin Qiji's "Water Dragon Yin? Dengjian Kangxin Pavilion": "The setting sun above the building, in the sound of breaking Hong, a wanderer in the south of the Yangtze River. After looking at the Wu hook, I took pictures of the railings, but no one saw it, so I climbed up." By looking at the Wu hook, Slapping the railing expresses his frustration that no one understands his desire to serve the motherland and make contributions.
Kunshan jade: a metaphor for outstanding talents. The words come from Li Si's "Book of Remonstrance and Expulsion": "The jade that your Majesty sends to Kunshan today includes the treasures of Sui and He (referring to the Suihou Pearl and He's Bi), the Pearl of the Moon, and the Sword of Fu Tai'a (the famous sword of Wu State' ), riding the horse Xianli (name of the horse), building the flag of the green wind, the drum of the tree spirit tuó (the skin of an alligator and other animals, the skin can be made into a drum)... It is not the same when taking people today: do not ask whether it is possible, regardless "Kunshan Jade" was later used as a metaphor for outstanding talents.
There are many images used to express the feeling of "wandering" in classical Chinese poetry, such as duckweed, flying canopy, lone wild goose, etc. "boat" is one of the most common images to express this emotion. A small boat with leaves and vast sky and water makes people's insignificance more and more obvious; when people are traveling, they see many foreign scenery, which is more likely to trigger infinite thoughts. The image of "boat" appears very frequently in Du Fu's poems, and it expresses a strong sense of wandering:
The fine grass and gentle breeze on the shore, the dangerous raft of a single night boat. The stars hang down over the vast plains, and the moon surges across the river. Isn't it famous for writing articles? Officials should retire due to old age and illness. What does it look like? The sky and the earth are like sand gulls.
"Lv Ye Shu Huai" I heard about Dongting water in the past, and now I go to Yueyang Tower. To the southeast of Wu and Chu, the universe floats day and night. There are no relatives or friends, and there are no old and sick people. The soldiers and horses pass through the north of the mountain, and Pingxuan Tisi flows.
"Climbing the Yueyang Tower" Du Fu experienced the great changes from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. In his later years, he wandered in Sichuan and Hunan for 11 years, and finally died of illness on a small boat from Tanzhou to Yuezhou. . Boats were his most common means of transportation in his later years and also became his final destination. He repeatedly wrote about the image of "boat" in his poems, such as "dangerous boat at night" and "old and sick boat alone". The boat is a symbol and portrayal of the poet's wandering life.
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou due to the "Wutai Poetry Case", he wrote "Linjiang Immortal":
Drinking in Dongpo at night and waking up drunk again, returning as if at midnight. The boy's breath is thundering. No one knocks on the door, but leans on the stick and listens to the sound of the river.
I always regret that this body is not mine, when will I forget Yingying? The wind is quiet at night and the grain is flat. The boat passed away from now on, and the river and sea left it for the rest of my life.
Compared with the feeling of "wandering", another typical connotation of the "ship" image in Chinese classical poetry is "freedom". The origin of this kind of thinking can be traced back to Zhuangzi, who said, "The skillful person works hard and knows, but the incompetent person has nothing to seek. Traveling when full and full is like a boat without ties, and traveling empty." Although his thoughts are negative. , but for Chinese literati, "the boat without ties" has become an attractive life ideal:
If life is not satisfactory in this world, the Ming Dynasty will cause the boat to collapse. Li Bai's "Xuanzhou Xie Tiao's Farewell to the School Secretary Shu Yun"
Only pity grows by the grassy stream, and there are orioles singing in the deep trees. The spring tide brings rain in a hurry, and there is no boat crossing the wild crossing.
Wei Yingwu's "West Stream of Chuzhou"
Wei's poem describes beautiful scenes such as spring flowers, spring grass, spring trees, spring birds, spring tides and spring rain, and uses a series of dense scenery to highlight the central image of "no boat can cross the wild crossing". It is both a realistic description and a visual expression of the poet's mentality.
6. Color categories
White: pure and flawless mourning
Red: passionate youth and happy events Green: hope for vitality and peace
Blue: Elegant and melancholy
Yellow: Warmth and peace
Purple: Noble and mysterious
Black: Dark, despair, solemn and mysterious, memory of the deceased, and the misfortune of life
< p>7. Regarding human qualities and behavioral activities.Heroes: admiration, shame and lamentation
Villain: contempt, determination, introspection, lashing
Old events of the Six Dynasties and old dreams of the Southern Dynasties: represent the rich and prosperous life of the past.
Strike Ji: Determined to serve the country and regain lost territory.
Emei (moth eyebrow): beauty
Emei: noble virtue
Qingqingzijin: talented person
Bage: Also known as Ba singing, Ba gu, and Ba people's songs. It refers to vulgar works, mostly composed of modest words. It is often written in comparison with "Yangchunbaixue" to express one's own insignificance.
Blue blood: refers to the blood shed for a just cause. Later, "blue blood" and "Chang Honghua Bi" were also used to describe death due to resentment or loyalty. For example, "The Injustice of Dou E": "It was not I, Dou E, who made such a headless wish, but the real grievance is not shallow... This is how we, Chang, turn green and look forward to the emperor's crow."
Win the laurels. : A metaphor for passing the imperial examination. The book "Book of Jin" is excerpted from the book: "Emperor Wu met in the east hall and asked Shen: 'What do you think you are like?' Shen replied: 'I recommend virtuous countermeasures, which are the best in the world. They are like a branch in Guilin and a piece of jade in Kunshan. . '"
Huaiju: Refers to being filial to one's parents.
Caiwei: refers to a life of seclusion. "Historical Records: Biography of Boyi" records: "King Wu has put an end to the Yin chaos, and the world has been ruled by the Zhou Dynasty. However, Boyi and Shu Qi are ashamed of it. They have no intention of eating Zhou millet, so they hide in Shouyang Mountain, picking and eating weeds." It is said of Boyi. , the story of Shu Qi living in seclusion in the mountains and refusing to serve Zhou in his righteousness. Later, he also showed his integrity.
Poets often use the images of "mountains and forests" and "palaces" in poems to express the contradiction and conflict between the poet's ideals and reality. The so-called "Gong Que" also means "Wei Que", which is the name of the imperial court and a symbol of the poet's important position. The so-called "mountain forest" refers to the image of the poet who was disillusioned with his political ideals or had no talent and no way to serve the country. He became resentful and turned to live in seclusion in the mountains and forests.
Aihong: a metaphor for people who are sad, suffering and displaced. The poem is written about envoys traveling in all directions and seeing the refugees gathering in the wild like wild geese. The refugees are happy for the envoys to arrive, and they all join in the poem and express their feelings, like the endless cry of swan geese. Later, the words "swan geese in the wild and mourning people everywhere" were used to refer to the displacement of the people.
Yongxu: It means a woman Yongxue. It refers to women who are skilled in chanting and have extraordinary talents. Later, "Yong Xu" refers to Yong Xue, and "Yong Xu Cai" refers to extraordinary talent.
Nanguan: refers to prisoners. The allusion comes from "Zuo Zhuan, the ninth year of Chenggong". Zhong Yi, a Chu man, was imprisoned in Jin Dynasty and still wore a Nanguan. Playing southern music, Fan Wenzi praised it as a gentleman's journey: later, most literati used this to refer to their virtuous prisoner life. `
8. Location:
Historic sites: Nostalgia, Mingzhi, past prosperity and present decline (country), decline and depression (historic sites are generally closely related to the ancients)
Countryside: I miss the secular pastoral scenery, the breath of life is pure, beautiful, comfortable and peaceful
Prairie: the vast realm of life and the mind of people
City (marketplace): prosperous, lively, rich and luxurious
Wonderland: Elegant, beautiful, clean and forgetful of the world
Planning on the railing: Missing the motherland, hometown and relatives
Nanshan represents a place of seclusion
Taoyuan: represents an ideal The people of Wuling represent the people who live in seclusion
Liuying: refers to the military camp. Later it was also called a military camp with strict discipline.
The world of heaven and earth: Hongmeng, Xiyi, Taiqing, Taixu.
Xiliu Camp: The place where Zhou Yafu stationed his troops in the Han Dynasty. Wang Wei's "Guan Xun" "Suddenly passed by Xinfeng City and returned to Xiliu Camp."
9. Other categories:
White-clothed Canggou: also called Baiyuncang Canggou, a metaphor Things are constantly changing. From Du Fu's poem "Sigh": "The floating clouds in the sky are like white clothes, and they change like gray dogs. From ancient times to the present, all things in life are the same." Personnel changes are like floating clouds, sometimes like white clouds, sometimes like greyhounds.
Break of dawn: first hope
Late night: melancholy and nostalgia
Snow: jade, broken jade, ice flowers, six out;
Letters: Hongyan, Chidao, Chisu
The country is subjugated: flowers in the backyard.
Heaven and Earth: the insignificance of human beings, the shortness of life, the broadness of mind, and the loneliness of emotions
Floating life: represents a short and illusory life.
Morning sun: hope, vitality and vitality
Sunset: loss and depression, cherishing the beautiful and short-lived life or things
Noon: enthusiasm and unrestrained evil forces’ destruction of society and people
< p>Wine: joy, success, frustration, sorrowMoon: perfection of life, shortcomings, homesickness and family
"Looking at the moon and cherishing the distance", "Sad for the spring and sad for the autumn", "Seeing the flowing water reminds me of the past. "Easy to pass away", "The drizzle of the parasol tree is sad and desolate"
Other names for the moon: Toad Palace, Jade Plate, Silver Hook, Chanjuan, Guigong; "Jade Plate", "Moon Wheel", "Yuhuan", "Jade Hook", "Jade Bow", "Jade Mirror", "Heaven Mirror", "Ming Mirror", "Jade Rabbit", "Chang'e", "Toad"
The moon: in ancient Chinese poetry, It is a common brushwork to use the moon to express emotions. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poetry is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts": "There is bright moonlight in front of my bed, I suspect it is frost on the ground. I look up at the bright moon and lower my head to think about my hometown." This poem expresses Li Bai's homesickness. The moon in the poem is no longer a purely objective image, but an image imbued with the poet's emotions. Wang Jian of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Wish for Du Langzhong on the Fifteenth Night": "Tonight, when the moon is bright, everyone looks out, and I don't know who is missing my autumn thoughts." The poem uses euphemistic questions to point out the common caring mood in the world on this night of the full moon, implicitly expressing the poet's feelings. Deeply missing my friends back home.
In addition, "moon" also has the following images:
(1) The bright moon contains the sorrow of people around you.
For example: "The sand in front of Hui Le Feng is like snow, and the moon outside the city is like frost" is tragic and resentful; "The moon is bright in Qin and Han is close, and the people who have marched thousands of miles have not yet returned".
(2) The bright moon contains emotional helplessness.
For example, Xie Zhuang’s prayers and blessings: “The beautiful woman is standing near the Yinchen Palace, and thousands of miles away is the bright moon.”; Zhang Jiuling’s hope and longing: “The bright moon is on the sea, and the end of the world is at this time.” .
(3) The bright moon contains the eternity of time and space.
"People in ancient times and today are like running water, even when you look at the bright moon." It vividly expresses the plunder of life by time and the helplessness of life in the face of time.