Qiu Ju Ba Shang was written by Ma Dai and was selected as one of the 300 Tang poems. This poem describes Qiu Lai's loneliness. When a guest lives in a bully, the scene is bleak. The first couplet is about Xiao Sen's autumn atmosphere over Bayuan. Autumn wind and autumn rain are set, and geese fly frequently. Zhuan Xu wrote about the sadness of seeing fallen leaves in a foreign land and being alone on a cold night. Neck couplets are about the silence of autumn night, lying listening to the dew, being alone with monks as neighbors, and further describing the lonely mood. The end of the couplet expresses the poet's feelings and his grief and indignation. The scenery is unpretentious and the feelings are really touching. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
original text
Qiuju Bashang
Author: Ma Dai
In the early autumn drizzle on the Ba River, I saw flocks of geese flying south in the evening.
Facing the trees and leaves of other countries, I am lonely in the cold night.
The Millennium falls frequently in the empty garden, and only Singles and Yu Ye are neighbors.
I have been lying alone for a long time. When can I devote myself to my country?
To annotate ...
1, suburbs: I still live in the suburbs.
2, to itself: meaning to do your duty.
Rhyme translation
The autumn wind and drizzle on Bayuan began to settle, and in the evening, I saw the geese going south.
Facing the fallen leaves of trees in other places, I was alone in the cold night.
The empty garden is full of dew, and the single-family house is only the neighbor of the wild monk.
I have lived in a desolate suburb for a long time. When can I devote myself to my country?
Comment and analysis
This poem is purely about the feeling of isolation and loneliness. The whole poem is like a vivid and exquisite picture scroll. When we slowly open it, the first thing that catches our eye is Xiao Sen's autumn air over Bayuan: autumn wind and autumn rain that stir people's minds, and it doesn't stop until the evening. In the hazy sky, geese fly from north to south in a hurry. After storm after storm, the geese have delayed many trips. It is difficult to stop and find a place to stay before dark. The word "frequency" is used here, which not only indicates the number of geese, but also reminds people of the urgency that geese are eager to stay. Every time the ancients saw the geese returning, they were prone to homesickness. Next, we continue to open the picture scroll, and the scene gradually turns from the vast sky to the ground and to the owner in the poem. I saw yellow leaves falling from the tree in the wind and rain, and a passer-by living in a lonely temple was alone in a lonely lamp, silently lost in thought. The phrase "drooping leaves on foreign trees" is worth pondering. There is an old saying in China that "a tree attracts the wind, and the fallen leaves return to their roots". When the poet sees the fallen leaves in a foreign land, he can't help feeling something. When can I go back to my hometown Donghai (now southwest of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province) after being detained in a different place? The sadness of his mood completely permeates between the lines of this poem. "Cold light in Yi Deng, dead of night", a word "cold" and a word "absolutely" describe the desolation and loneliness among guests. It is not difficult to imagine: Yi Deng is like a bean, accompanied by a lonely figure. The night is already deep and the chill is heavy. Surrounded by the chill, the lights are more dim and weak, and the poet's lonely and desolate mood has deepened. "Cold" and "independence" play a role in setting off each other: cold lights make the night long and hard, and loneliness makes the night colder. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Five or six sentences let the picture scroll go down again. It not only shows more space and finer scenery, but also shows the poet's mood. At this time, the night was very quiet, even the autumn insects stopped singing, only the sound of dew dripping on the dead leaves, drop by drop, although very weak, but very clear. This sentence "empty garden, leucorrhea with dew" compares "static" with "dynamic", which can better express the silence of the environment than writing silent silence. The sound of dew dripping not only did not break the silence of the long night, but made people feel terrible. Imagine, even the sound of dew can be heard. What could be quieter than this? The next sentence, "the ruins of neighboring temples", is also a foil. Obviously, I want to say that I am lonely and helpless, but I said that there is another neighbor, and this neighbor is actually a monk who has disappeared from the world, like a wild crane in the clouds. With such a wild monk as a neighbor, the loneliness of the poet's situation is even more prominent. These two sentences further describe the poet's mood when he writes about scenery: the sound of dew dripping can be heard in the lonely room in autumn night, which shows that his thoughts are ups and downs and he can't sleep at night; The only neighbor is a wild monk, which means he is thinking that he has been thrown out of this world and doesn't know when he will end his career. Because of this, the last two sentences of the poem are naturally connected with the previous description, not abrupt.
The last two sentences directly express the poet's feelings: "I have enjoyed it here for a long time. What am I waiting for, I want to know?" The poet came to Chang 'an to get an official position. He has lived in Bashang for a long time (also known as "Bashang", Chang 'an East) and has never found a place to enter. So here he spoke frankly about the dilemma of his talent and the hope of entering.
The scenery of this poem is what you see before your eyes, not fake. When writing about love, focus on the true feelings, and don't groan without illness. Therefore, although the theme is not novel, it still has a strong artistic appeal. (Wang Song)
Brief introduction of the author
Ma Dai (799-869) was born in Quyang, Dingzhou (now Donghai County, Jiangsu Province) in the Tang Dynasty. A famous poet in late Tang Dynasty. Ma Dai lived in the turbulent era at the turn of the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and was a scholar in Huichang four years (844). In his early years, he served as the secretary of Taiyuan shogunate. Convicted of speaking, Long Yangwei was demoted. He was pardoned and returned to Beijing, and eventually became Dr. imperial academy. He once lived in seclusion in Huashan and traveled to the frontier fortress. Poetry is good at five laws, and its content is full of sighs of life experience, which has always been the style of the late Tang Dynasty.
Ma Dai, Jia Dao and Yao He are poetry friends, and they are very close in singing. They have poetic contacts with Gu, Yin and Xue Neng. His poems are concise and elegant, full of thoughts and charm, and have no withdrawn habits in the late Tang Dynasty. His poems are highly respected by contemporary people and later generations, especially five-character poems. His poems are devoted to landscapes. Yang Shen's Poems of Victory in An once quoted a couplet of "Liu is blameless", "The Chu River remembers the past, the trees and monkeys on the Dongting Lake echo, and there are people in Lanzhou". Some frontier works, such as "Looking Alone on the Dragon", "General Frontier" and "Riding the Condor Heroes", are also vigorous and powerful. The "Sighing Women" in the ancient Five Dynasties can quite depict the sadness of women. Yan Yu's Cang Shi Lang Dialect says: "Ma Dai is above all the people in the late Tang Dynasty." Ji Yun's "Errors in the Publication of Yingkui Law" holds that "Ma Dai was the highest poet in the late Tang Dynasty". Weng Fanggang's Zhou Shi Hua even thinks that Ma Dai's five laws "can be directly associated with the sages in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and should not be discussed in the late Tang Dynasty". However, his poems mainly focus on gifts, entertainment or writing travel notes and mountains and rivers, and rarely reflect social reality.
In his early years, Ma Dai tried many times to fall behind and was trapped in a farm house for 30 years. He traveled in Xiaoxiang and Antarctica, with Youyan in the north and Yilong in the west, and lived in Chang 'an and Guanzhong for a long time, living in seclusion in Huashan and roaming the border. It was not until the fourth year of Wuzong Huichang (844) that it tied for the first place with Xiang Si and Zhao Kuangyin. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (847), he was the minister in charge of the army of Taiyuan shogunate. He was found guilty for speaking out, demoted to captain of Longyang (now Hanshou, Hunan), and was pardoned and returned to Beijing. In the last years of Xian Tong, Zong Yi was the assistant of Datong Military Curtain. In the seventh year of Xian Tong (867), he was promoted to Doctor Taichang in Guo Zi. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
Ma Dai Gong's poems belong to literature, which are concise and elegant, full of thoughts and verve, and have no deviant habits in the late Tang Dynasty. Especially good at five laws, get five words and three words. Be friends with Xue Neng, Gu and Yin. , there are poetry exchanges; He also became poetry friends with Jia Dao and Yao, and the singing fee was extremely high. He is good at expressing traveling thoughts and frustrated feelings, which is profound, graceful and natural.
Contrast between English and Chinese
Qiuju Bashang
Maday
In the early autumn drizzle on the Ba River, I saw flocks of geese flying south in the evening.
Facing the trees and leaves of other countries, I am lonely in the cold night.
The Millennium falls frequently in the empty garden, and only Singles and Yu Ye are neighbors.
I have enjoyed myself here for a long time. I don't know what I am waiting for.
An autumn hut on the dam
Maday
After bathing on the dam,
I saw a row of wild geese in the evening.
The drooping leaves on foreign trees,
Cold light of lonely lanterns at night,
An empty garden, white with dew,
The remains of a neighboring monastery.
... I've lived here long enough.
What am I waiting for? I want to know.
Rules and forms of classical poetry creation
The rhyme pattern of this five-character poem is that the first sentence does not rhyme and starts from the beginning; Its rhyme is: Shang Ping's eleven truths (Pingshui rhyme).
After bathing on the dam,
⊙○○●●
I saw a flock of wild geese at night.
●●●○△
The drooping leaves on foreign trees,
●●○○●
Lonely lanterns are cold at night.
○○●●△
An empty garden, white with dew,
○○⊙●●
The remains of a neighboring monastery.
⊙●●○△
I've been here too long,
●●○○●
What am I waiting for? I want to know.
○○●●△