Pronunciation of words:
Shuài (large rate: approximate, average) secretly (dark: dark, dim) stems jóng (a part of a plant).
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Baggio (Lingqiao: another name for Wuling) and bρng (Gubingzhou) fell.
A bird's eye view of the bottom (document) and the pool (pool) (looking down from a height), the dome (rising into an arch), the stem (straight ahead)
Ku: (tall and independent) niche kān (tower grottoes or wooden cabinets dedicated to gods or Buddha statues) is as high as gāo (elevation: ancient county name) like jǐong (standing high).
Meng Qian Bi Tan has 26 volumes, Supplementary Bi Tan 1 volume, Continued Bi Tan has 3 volumes, and * * * has 30 volumes with 609 articles, including stories, dialectics, music 17. Besides literature, history and art, it mainly records and discusses the development of natural science and the invention and creation of science and technology in ancient China, especially at that time, reflecting the brilliant achievements of science in China in the 11th century. According to statistics, there are more than 200 articles related to natural science, accounting for more than one third of the book's length, involving mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography, meteorology, medicine and engineering technology, and some scientific inventions have ranked among the advanced countries in the Middle Ages. Therefore, "Meng Qian Bi Tan" has become an important document in the history of science and technology in China and the world, and has been highly valued by Chinese and foreign scholars, and is known as "the coordinate in the history of science in China".
Meng Qian Bi Tan is concise, informative and well-organized. It is not deliberately carved, but it is very literary. There are two items in the text, one is to explain when collecting herbs is effective, and the other is to discuss the origin of the name of Yandang Mountain and the reason for the formation of Yandang Mountain Peak, which has quite reliable scientific basis.
"Ze" means "article", which is what we usually call "two pieces of news" and "a note".
Meng Qian Bi Tan is a note essay.
Collect herbs
Selected from Biyi, the title was added by the editor.
In ancient times, herbs were mostly collected in February and August (1), but this was not the case (2). But the grass has sprouted in February, and in August.
It's inappropriate to use it all the time, but it's cute.
Bud: a masterpiece, bud
When the seedlings are not withered, it is easy to identify the cuttings (4), but it is not a good time to use drugs (5). Large ratio [6] to root, if
Identifying and identifying dead herbs is not a good time for herbs, and it is probably adopted.
In: For ...
If there are perennial roots that need to be picked when there are no stems and leaves, then all the roots of Kanazawa (⑼) should be returned. I want to test it, but I have a reed.
Sap is selected for each old root, and centralized verification is carried out, and only radishes are selected.
Rehmannia glutinosa ⑿ generation ⑿ view, when there is no seedling, it will be solid and heavy ⑿; When there are seedlings, they float in the air. that
Wait and see (their roots) will be rich and heavy, empty and frivolous.
Solid and heavy: shape+shape
Those without perennial roots, that is, when the seedlings are mature and not flowering, then the roots are sufficient and there is no decline. Now.
Some will grow to be less old than flowers, just like now.
Flowers: Masterpieces move and bloom.
[14] [14] Arnebia euchroma, when it is not flowering, the root color is bright and shiny. Bloom flowers fall, the root color is black and evil, which is its
Flowers are bright and moist, too dark to be ugly.
It works. When the leaves are taken away by the people who use them, the buds will be taken away from here (1) and the flowers will be taken away.
When the verification selection is only (picking), this statement is naturally followed.
Ben: It refers to the ancient law above, which is what it translates into.
When flowers are first applied, they will be collected in real time. Can't be limited to time and month. Edge (3) simple
Due to the rise and fall of the ground temperature, it is opened at a fixed time and month (to show sympathy)
Time and month only: Time and month only
There are morning and evening (4) and cloudy days (5). For example, those who spend March on the flat land are in the deep mountains.
Day and night, the weather is changeable, like flowering plants in the park.
Flowers in April. Bai Letian Youdalin Temple poem [6] says: "In April, the beauty of the world is exhausted, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple."
Peach blossoms in Dalin Temple
Gai Changli also. The terrain is different. Such as bamboo shoots in Zhu Gui, and those born in February and March.
This is generally low.
Born in April. Those born in May are called late laurels; Rice ripens in July, August, September and October.
Make a phone call.
Late rice. There is a morning and a night between the same thing and the same bed. This thing is fundamentally different.
Performance of early-maturing and late-maturing plants and the same crop in small plots
Yes Jiao Ling ⑽ weeds ⑾, Ling ⑿ don't carve in winter; Also, Fen [13] tree, looking at the early autumn meteorite [14]; ⒂ Rule Zhu Yue.
With the approach of autumn, the Wuling abortion in the south withered and the leaves fell in Fenzhou, Binzhou.
Zhu Yue: Baiyue, generally referring to the southern region, but not translated.
Peach, plum, winter, solid [13], shuomo [13], peach, plum and Xia Rong [13]. The gas here is different. So, an acre of crops
Peach and plum trees bear fruit, bloom in the north, and have the same climate everywhere.
Shuomo: Shuofang and desert, generally referring to the north.
(1) Those who irrigate manure germinate first; One mountain has five grains, then the latter will bear fruit. So is this difference in manpower. How can everything (3)
Fertilize, irrigate and germinate, and the crops in the same field will bear unified fruits.
Arrested and fixed for one month (4)?
Limit it with a fixed time?
Arrest by the month: arrest by the month
There are four main interpretation methods in this paper: direct interpretation, example, comparison and classification.
Explain that different parts of the drug should be used at different times, mainly by direct description and classified description. In the "root user" section, facts are also cited as examples, and comparative explanations are also used.
It shows that the time of collecting herbs under different growth conditions should be different, mainly using examples and comparisons. For example, Bai Letian's poems show that the time of flowering is different with different terrain; Taking bamboo shoots and rice in Guiyu as an example, it shows that different varieties have different growth times; Taking Lingqiao, Binhe, Fen, Zhu Yue and Shuomo as examples, it is shown that the growth time of plants varies with the atmosphere. Many examples cited can also be compared with each other to illustrate the problem, such as "flat land" and "deep mountain", "ridge" and "Fen", "all over the country" and "Shuomo".
Based on many facts, this paper fully expounds its own point of view: we should choose different best time according to the specific situation, and we can't "decide everything by month"
Second lesson
Yandangshan
Selected from Meng Qian Bitan magazine I, with the title added by the editor.
Wenzhou [6] Yandang Mountain is a wonderful place in the world, but it has not been since ancient times.
This is a unique and beautiful (a mountain) national (self) various geographical works.
Judgment sentence (noun-predicate sentence)
Those who have taste in words. In the auspicious symbol levies, it is fashionable to make Yuqing Palace levies and cut mountains as materials.
There is no record that this mountain was discovered after being cut for many years.
Nothing: adverb, nothing: auxiliary word, nonsense.
No name. According to the Records of the Western Regions, Arhat Norodom lived in the southeast of Sinian.
Name (Yandang Mountain) lives near China according to records.
Lotus peak dragon ⒂. Guan Xiu, a Tang priest, is a novel called Nuoju Rozan, including Wild Travel and Wild Travel.
The monk wrote a poem.
The phrase "It rains" at the Dragon Banquet. To the south of this mountain is Furong Peak, and at the foot of the mountain is Furong Gang (3), overlooking the sea.
You can see this poem from below.
But I don't know where Yandang and Longqiu are, and I didn't see this mountain until after logging. There is a big pond on the top of the mountain, which is said to be a goose.
Where is the Great Lake?
Swing; There are two pools of water below, thinking it is a dragon. There are also gorges, banquets and peaks, all named after Guan Xiu's poems.
The two pools at the foot of the mountain are used to give them life.
Naming: To give a name to.
Xie Lingyun [5] defends Yongjia, which has been to the landscape almost every time, but only this mountain.
The famous Taishou (Dang) almost finished his trip, but he didn't talk much.
At that time, there was no such name as Yandang.
Something like this name.
Looking at the peaks of Yandang Mountain, they are all steep and steep, towering over thousands of feet and towering over huge cliffs.
Observing steep, straight, steep and strange, the peak that stands (about) high is huge.
Unlike other mountains, the valley is surrounded by valleys, and nothing can be seen from the outside of the ridge.
The deep valley is different from other mountains. It contains all the valleys, and nothing can be seen in the surrounding highlands.
Category: As you can see: What you can see
In the valley, it is new and dry. The original reason was that it was washed away by the flood water in the valley.
At first glance, it stands steeply in the sky, and the reason for its formation is brushing.
The reason is ... the reason is ... the reason is.
The sand is gone, but the boulder stands. Such as big and small dragons, water curtain, early moon valley, etc. It's all water.
All washed away, standing there like this.
Dig a hole. From the bottom, it is high and steep, and from the top, it is suitable to be flat with the ground.
The washed caves look like towering overhanging rocks, and the steep stone walls coincide with the surrounding Gogoing.
Even the top of the mountain is lower than the top of the mountain. There are ditches for digging water in the world.
As for many peaks, the plane of the world is washed away by valleys.
Planting soil ③ niche rock ④, also this kind of ear. Today, Chengdu is high, and Shaanxi [6] is in a big stream and soil.
Vertical soil in the middle of the Grand Canyon, such as rocks with a sunken bottom.
Once and hundreds of feet, completely standing, but also wild goose swings concrete and tiny levies, but this
The city walls often reach a high level, which is also considered as a small Yandang Mountain. this is
Move: move, often attributive post-sentence, a sign of "harmony".
Soil is better than stone. ⑾ It is neither underground nor covered by deep valleys in Lin Mang, so it is ancient.
The soil is rocky (Yandang Mountain), not high and straight from the ground, but covered by dense forests.
For ...: passive sentence
Strangely, people can't see it, and spiritual luck doesn't come.
It is not surprising to find that we have never been here.
Writing characteristics:
Echo back and forth, closely connected, compact structure:
The first paragraph focuses on the situation and quotes legends, leaving readers with questions everywhere: Yandang Mountain is a "wonderful show on earth", why has it not been known for a long time?
This provides the basis and conditions for the second paragraph to investigate the reasons. The second paragraph is a further development on the basis of the first paragraph, focusing on analysis and discussion and illustrating the truth with examples. Finally, the conclusion comes naturally, which solves the problems left by the first paragraph and allows readers to solve the problems. Back and forth, fascinating.
Homework:
[Thinking and Practice] Questions 2 and 3.