Qu Yuan's words
"Li Sao "Nine Songs"", used as a musical poem when offering sacrifices to Lord Xiang and Mrs. Xiang:
Lord Xiang
If you can't do it, you will be barbaric. Who will stay in Zhongzhou? If beauty wants to shine, it is better to repair it. Peiwu will ride on the osmanthus boat. Let Yuan Xiang be waveless and make the river flow peacefully. Looking forward to your husband's future, who will blow the wind? Thoughts; Riding a flying dragon to march to the north, I am walking on the road to the Dongting; The beetles and cypresses are on the silk, and the sunflowers are on the orchid trees; I look at the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River, and the vast river is Yangling; the Yangling is not at the end, and the female Chan Yuan is the rest. Too much breath; The tears are flowing across the face, and the love is flowing, and the thoughts of the king are hidden; the osmanthus is in the orchid world, and the ice is covered in the snow; the pomegranates and lychees are in the water, and the hibiscus is in the wood; the hearts are not the same, and the kindness is light. Absolute; The stone is shallow, the flying dragon is graceful; The unfaithful relationship is full of resentment, and the promise is not believed, so I will not be idle; The morning rush is in Jianggao, and the evening festival is in Beizhu; Birds are on the house, and the water is around Under the hall; Donate the leftovers to the river, and leave the remaining pendants to Lipu; Pick up the fragrant continent and come to Du Ruo, and I will give birth to the daughter with the leftovers; I can't get it again at this time, so I can chat happily with you. Mrs. Xiang, the emperor's son descended to Beizhu, his eyes were dim and he was worried; Drowning in the autumn wind, the waves in the Dongting were under the wooden leaves; He climbed up and looked at the white troubles, and the good times were blooming at dusk; How many birds came here, how often? Why? There are orchids in the garden, I think of the young master but I dare not say anything; I look far away in the desolate place, and watch the flowing water with its murmurs; Why do elk eat in the courtyard, and why do dragons come from the water? Horses gallop in the morning and come to the river Gao, at dusk The Western 筮 is here to help; I heard that the beautiful lady is here to call me, and I will fly away with you; the house is built in the water, and the lotus canopy is used to repair it; the purple altar is on the wall, and the hall is sown with fragrant pepper; the laurel pillar is orchid, and the Xinyi lintel is The pharmacy is here; the draperies and lilies are here for the curtains, and the lilies are here for the hangings; the white jade is here for the town, and the sparse stones and orchids are here for the fragrance; the lotus houses are here, and the duhengs are there; the flowers are in the courtyard, and the verandas are fragrant and fragrant. The gate; Nine crests of colorful colors come together to welcome you, and the spirits come like clouds; I donate my sleeves to the river, and my remaining mattresses come to Lipu; I leave Du Ruo on the Tingzhou Island, and those who are far away will be left behind; the time cannot come suddenly, let's talk Feel free and happy! [Note: There is controversy, Ehuang is the prototype of Lin Daiyu in "A Dream of Red Mansions".
Words by Mao Wenxi
Linjiang Fairy Tang Dynasty Mao Wenxi The sound of cicadas falls into the setting sun at dusk, and the shadow of silver toad hangs in Xiaoxiang. The water beside Huangling Temple is blank. The red trees in the Chu River are separated by the mist and rain in Gaotang. The fish lanterns moored on the shore are blown by the wind, and the white pods scatter a strong fragrance in the distance. Ling'e's drums and harps rhyme with the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Xian is sad, the clouds are scattered and the sky is long. The God of Xiaoxiang Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty Bamboo branches, bamboo branches, stained with tears to express lovesickness. Chu Ke wants to hear the complaint of Yao Qin, late at night in Xiaoxiang when the moon is bright.
Qian Qi's poems
Provincial examination of Xiangling drum and harp Qian Qi in the Tang Dynasty was good at drumming, cloud and harp, and often heard the spirit of the emperor's son. Feng Yikong dances by himself, and Chu Ke cannot listen. The bitter tone of the metal and stone, the voiceless sound enters the darkness. Cangwu comes to complain and admire, and the white peony moves to bring fragrance. The flowing water flows through Xiangpu, and the sad wind passes through Dongting. At the end of the song, no one can be seen, and there are several green peaks on the river.
2. Li Bai’s love poem about the empress Yu Shun’e’s daughter Ying
Li Bai’s “Yuan Bi Li”:
Yu Bi Li, there were two daughters of the emperor Ying in ancient times. South of Dongting, Xiaoxiang Pu.
The sea water plunges thousands of miles deep, who doesn’t say that this is a bitter journey?
The sun is miserable, the clouds are dim, the orangutan is singing smoke, the ghost is howling and the rain is falling.
What will I do if I say anything?
The emperor is afraid that he will not be as loyal as I am, and Lei Pingping wants to roar.
Yao and Shun also followed Yu.
When the king loses his ministers, the dragon turns into a fish; when the power returns to his ministers, the mouse turns into a tiger.
It may be said: Yao was imprisoned in a quiet place, and Shun died in the wild.
Nine doubts are all similar, but what is the solitary grave with double pupils?
The emperor's son wept among the green clouds, and went away with the storm without returning.
I looked into the distance while weeping, and saw the deep mountains.
When Cangwu Mountain collapses and the Xiang River disappears, the tears on the bamboo can be extinguished.
3. What does Ehuang Nvying mean?
It was still in the clan society period.
There was a marriage custom at that time. A man who married a wife had the right to choose. With the consent of his parents-in-law, he could decide whether to marry back his wife's sisters who had no husbands or were waiting to be married. This system officially became a unique etiquette system for the nobility during the Zhou Dynasty. It was written into the etiquette and law and was called the "媵 System".
"Etiquette and Wedding" clearly states: "A married daughter must be a niece, called a concubine." The women who serve as "媵" are basically the biological sisters or cousins ??of the man's official wife.
The status of "concubine" is naturally much higher than that of concubine, but it is also lower than that of the husband's official wife and is subordinate to the official wife. Later generations speculated based on this that Emperor Yao used this concubine system when he married his daughters.
It is generally believed that it was the elder sister Ehuang who was officially married, and the younger sister Nvying was the elder sister's concubine. Whether she was a wife or a concubine, in short, Emperor Yi'e Yi Nuying had a different husband, Emperor Shun Yao Chonghua.
Emperor Shun Yao Chonghua probably fell in love with these sisters, because the marriage with the Yi tribe was something Shun's father did not agree with.
In this situation, Shun adopted the method of "marrying without telling her", which should be a way of expressing his love.
When the good day for the marriage came, Shun brought the men, horses and gifts to marry the sisters by the Guishui River. Shun's tribe was the ninth descendant of the Yellow Emperor. At that time, his and Yao Emperor Yi Fangxun's spheres of influence were both in what is now Shanxi.
According to legend, Emperor Shun "had heavy pupils (two black eyes in each eye socket), a dragon face, a big mouth, black color, and a height of six feet and one inch." He is a strong, stocky, and somewhat strange-looking black man.
Although he is not handsome in appearance, he is in good health. He can grow crops, fish and hunt, and make pottery. He also has elegant hobbies and can play the piano (I think my husband plays the piano after working). The wife sings and dances, and the relationship grows with each passing day). In that era of rudimentary material conditions, Shun could be regarded as a super good man, not to mention that he was also the future leader of the tribe.
So the three people's married life is still very happy. However, Shun's secret marriage to Yi's sisters could not be passed by his father Gusou.
Legend has it that Gusou united with his second wife's son Yao Xiang and determined to eradicate this rebellious eldest son. ——The key reason may be that there is a feud with the daughter-in-law's tribe, and the eldest son's family has become rich through hard work, with flocks of cattle and sheep, countless grains and pottery. The old man has long been jealous, and Yao Xiang is even more coveted by the two beautiful sisters-in-law with extraordinary status.
So Gusou and Yao Xiang repeatedly harmed Yao Chonghua, but he escaped repeatedly. It is said that in this incident of separation between brothers and father and son, Shun received many help from Empress E's daughter Ying.
It can be seen that the husband and wife have worked together and advanced and retreated together. Regarding the life experience of Nüying of Ehuang, some legends say that Ehuang’s biological mother died young and Nvying was the child of her stepmother.
In fact, it was a patrilineal clan at that time, so Yi Fangxun naturally had a large group of women, and their status depended entirely on Yi Fangxun's favor. The mothers of Ehuang and Nvying's sisters were not favored, so strictly speaking, they were all concubines.
Ma Qian of the Taishi Company said in the "Five Emperors": When Emperor Yao heard about Shun's reputation, he married his daughter to him. After studying for several years, he felt that Shun was indeed worthy of the important task, so he took him as his wife. His throne was also awarded to this son-in-law who was riding a dragon as a "concession". This Qiangu policy made Tai Shigong very emotional, and he made a discussion, lamenting how beautiful the world was in ancient times.
What is the truth? "Bamboo Chronicles" tells a different story. The most beloved wife of Emperor Yao Yi Fangxun was a wife named Nuhuang, who gave birth to Yi Fangxun's son Danzhu.
Due to Yao's preference, Danzhu had the highest status among the ten sons and became Yao's designated heir. When Yao realized that he was old and weak, he passed the throne to Danzhu.
However, the brothers and sisters who were born as concubines have watched their mothers being ignored by their fathers since they were young, and they have been resentful in their hearts. What's more, Danzhu always relies on favors, doesn't take sibling affection into consideration, and has a vicious nature.
Therefore, no one is willing to let Danzhu be the emperor. A coup d'état inevitably occurred.
Yao Chonghua, his wife, and nine Yi family concubines won the victory and imprisoned both Yao and Danzhu. Yao should have nothing to complain about. He used the same method to steal from his eldest brother. Li won the leadership position. Next, there was a desperate struggle between the nine brothers-in-law and Yao Chonghua for who would succeed to the throne last.
Three years later, Yao Chonghua finally won. Throughout this process, Ehuang Nvying always stood firmly on her husband's side.
(Girls are really outgoing!) Yao Chonghua became "Emperor Shun". But more people are willing to describe Yao's seizure of the brother's throne and Shun's seizure of the father-in-law's throne as a "concession" system.
Therefore, in the eyes of the general public, Emperors Yao and Shun were rulers with virtue and wisdom in ancient Chinese history, and were regarded as models by later generations. Thanks to the reputation of her father and husband, Ehuang Nvying also became the earliest role model for women in ancient China.
——If what "The Chronicles of the Bamboo Book" tells is the truth, this example is very problematic: Aren't the moralists clearly teaching women not to fulfill their duties as daughters, but only to treat their husbands Is good enough? After decades of living with her husband and raising children, Ehuang Nvying followed her husband and embarked on the "Southern Tour" together. (Another legend about the "concession system" is that Shun passed the throne to Yu, and then avoided the throne to tour the south.
In fact, according to the "Bamboo Book Annals", it was Emperor Yu Si Wen who ordered to rebel and seize the throne. Emperor Shun, Yao Chonghua and his wife were also exiled. This should be more reliable than "abdication": Shun killed Yu's father, how could he choose Yu as his successor? It should be Yu who wanted to avenge his father's death. The tribe fought a battle, and finally took revenge and seized power.)
Three years later, Shun died in Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi Mountain in Hunan. Sisters Ehuang and Nvying, who lost their husbands, cried bitterly in front of the rushing Xiangjiang River.
The water is gone, just like their husbands are gone and cannot be resurrected. The reeds and wormwood are boundless, the river mist is vast, and paying homage to the wind adds to the sadness.
Unable to return to the north and unable to bear the pain, Ehuang Nvying cried bitterly and committed suicide by throwing herself into the Xiangjiang River. People who sympathized with the sisters regarded them as the flower gods Narcissus who specialize in the wax moon.
It is also said that their tears dripped on the bamboos by the Xiangjiang River, and the tear stains remained and became spots. Legend has it that the Emperor of Heaven took pity on the sisters because of their infatuation. According to their different status during his lifetime, Emperor Shun was named the God of Xiangshui, and was named "Xiangjun", while Emperor E and Nv Ying were named the goddess of Xiangshui, and was named "Mrs. Xiang".
This pair is found by the Xiangjiang River.