"Remembering Kings and Grandsons"
Author: Xin Qiji
Farewell on the Qiu River, a collection of ancient sentences.
Climb the mountain and see the return home by the water.
Don’t be sad because of separation.
There is no need to visit Yuluohui. People in the past are different.
Only the wild geese fly every autumn.
Notes:
1. There is not only the verse style of "Tasha Xing" (Advance, Retreat, Survival and Death), but also the verse style of this collection, which shows that Xin's poems are diverse. The first to write the farewell scene of Qiujiang, using fu method. The second time I wrote about my longing after farewell, the emotion blended into the scenery, full of sadness and sadness.
2. Mountain climbing sentence: "Nine Bian of the Songs of Chu": If you are traveling far away, you will go to the mountain to see the return home.
3. A sad sentence: "Nine Songs of Shao Siming": There is no sadness because of separation, and there is no happiness because of new acquaintances.
4. Unnecessary sentences: Du Mu's "Poetry of Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days": But you will be drunk to celebrate the festival, and you don't have to climb to complain about the falling light.
5. People are different from the past: Su Shi's "Flowers on Moshang": The flowers on Moshang bloom and butterflies fly, but the country is still different from the past.
6. The only sentence: Li Qiao's "Fen Yin Xing": I don't see anything on the Fen water now, but only wild geese flying every autumn.
Appreciation:
In the garden of ancient Chinese literature, there are many poems that are a collection of ancient sentences. Although they are a collection of ancient sentences, the author has given them a new artistic conception, making them read familiar yet unfamiliar, and have their own interest.
Judging from the existing literary historical data, the earliest collection of poems in my country began with Fu Xian's "Mao Shishi" in the Jin Dynasty, which was a collection of sentences from the "Book of Songs". There is no shortage of successors. Famous people such as Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty wrote many verse poems in his later years, some of which have hundreds of rhymes. Wen Tianxiang is famous for his collection of Du poems, totaling 200 poems.
Jijuci began with Wang Anshi. Then Su Shi wrote "Nanxiangzi". "Collected Poems" three poems, and indicate the original author of the collected poems. Because the words are long and short sentences, and the poems mostly have neat sentence patterns of five to seven words, the number of words in collections of sentences is far less than that of collections of poems. Xin Qiji's "Remembering the Kings and Suns" is also the only one among Xin's poems. Judging from its content, it was roughly created when he was living in Shangrao, Jiangxi.
The first sentence of this poem, about climbing a mountain and walking by the water to see the general return home, comes from Song Yu's "Nine Bian": It is sad that autumn is full of energy, and the grass and trees are bleak and swaying. If you are traveling far away, you will feel sad. If you are climbing a mountain and facing the water, you will see you off when you are about to return. Xin Qiji used it to express the meaning of farewell. Since Song Yu wrote "Nine Debates", sad feelings and the bleak autumn scenery seem to have formed an indissoluble bond, and expressing the feelings of sad autumn has become a major tradition of literati in the past dynasties. Such as Ouyang Xiu's "Ode to the Sound of Autumn".
Since Xin's poem uses "Nine Bian" to form a sentence, it is self-evident that the sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times, and the sadness that can't be ignored during the Qingqiu Festival is self-evident. When climbing mountains and facing water, there is also a feeling of reluctance and farewell as you trek across mountains and rivers. Don't be sad because separation is born, as seen in Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs". "Shao Siming", the next sentence is "Le Mo Le Xi Xin Xiang Xiang". It can be inferred from this sentence that Xin Qiji was bidding farewell to a close friend he had just met, so he was extremely sad. In the history of Chinese literature, Qu and Song are both mentioned together. Xin Qiji combined the words and sentences of Song Yu and Qu Yuan, which not only made the meaning coherent, but also made people read it interestingly. It can be said that it was a clever combination.
There is no need to go up to complain about Luohui. This is a sentence in Du Mu's "Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days". The word "mountain" here echoes the meaning of "mountain climbing and facing the water". The sun is setting, twilight is falling, friends are gathering together, and the excitement is still not over, but before they know it, it is the time to break up again; how can it not make people feel extremely sad when they say goodbye? For this reason, people often resent Luo Hui for being ruthless. On the other hand, sunrise and sunset, green mountains and green waters are the true nature of nature, so what is there to be resentful about? This sentence seems to be a distraction, but it actually represents a deep hatred of separation.
A line from Su Shi's "Flowers on Moshang" "The country and the mountains are still different from the past". Limited to meter, the meaning of the whole sentence can be summarized with three characters: Xirenfei. The country is still closely connected with Luohui. There is a profound meaning in the sentence "The Ancients Are Not". How many changes in world affairs and changes in human sentiments are contained in it! The concluding sentence, "Only the wild geese fly every autumn," comes from Li Qiao's "Fen Yin Xing". "Fen Yin Xing" contrasts the desolation before the eyes with the grand scene of the earthen temple after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty offered sacrifices to Fenyin. In the past, there were singing and dancing in the brothel, but today the yellow thorns gather together. The mountains and rivers are full of tears, and the clothes are stained with tears. How long can the wealth and glory last? I can't see anything but the wild geese flying over the Fen River every autumn. It can be seen that Xin Qiji started writing about farewell, and gradually expanded to express his feelings about life and the disappointment of the government at that time. The Southern Song Dynasty was in a corner of peace and had no intention of restoring the lost territory in the north, so Xin Qiji, who advocated resolute resistance to the Jin Dynasty, expressed his sadness.
Although this poem is a collection of ancient sentences, it is written so profoundly and transitions freely, showing that Xin Qiji is worthy of being an outstanding poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Li Chongyuan Recalls Wang Sun's Spring Ci
"Recalling Wang Sun's Chun Ci"
Li Chongyuan
The lush green grass recalls Wang Sun,
Liu Wai The soul is broken high in the sky,
Du Yu’s voice can’t bear to be heard.
At dusk,
The rain hits the pear blossoms and the door is closed.
Notes:
1. luxuriant: describes the lush appearance of spring grass.
2. Wangsun: This refers to wanderers and pedestrians.
3. Du Yu: It is a cuckoo bird with a shrill cry, as if to persuade pedestrians to go back.
Translation:
The lush green grass reminds me of the kings and grandsons who have not returned for a long time.
She waited in vain all day long at the towering pavilion outside the willow tree.
The cuckoo cuckoo cries one after another,
The sad sound is unbearable to hear.
Seeing that it was dusk again,
Mu Yu made the pear blossoms fall, and the boudoir door was tightly closed.
Appreciation:
This poem writes about an ancient theme: spring sorrow and boudoir resentment. Mainly depicting scenes, conveying a sentiment of sadness and nostalgia for spring. The profound feelings of apricots are gradually deepened through the change of scenery. What is shown at the beginning is a broad and sad blue color: the fragrant grass sticks to the sky, luxuriant for thousands of miles, as far as the eye can see, the ancient road is clear and green, and the person I miss is even beyond the fragrant grass at the end of the world, and the heart of the person in the boudoir is also light and happy to the end of the sky. . The period outside the willow indicates that the missing woman lives in a high-rise building and longs for the distance outside the willow. The empty character highlights the loss of the missing woman who is extremely tired and cannot see the return of her king and grandson, as well as her loneliness and soul-crushing emptiness. Du Yu's sentence uses the cuckoo's crow to express his feelings through sound. The sentence "Rain" is inherited from Du Yu, and it falls at dusk. It describes that the missing woman was afraid of hearing the cuckoo's cry and seeing the dusk scene, so she was forced to perform a specific behavior of hiding behind the door: hiding in the deep boudoir, shutting out the cuckoo's cry and the dusk scene. , just seeing the embarrassment of his lovesickness. When reading this poem, you should focus on aftertaste rather than reflection, and association more than analysis. In this way, you can get more than the literal meaning of a few sentences. Xin Qiji's Qing Ping Le · Reminiscing about Appreciating Osmanthus in Wujiang
"Qing Ping Le Reminiscing about Appreciating Osmanthus in Wujiang"
Author: Xin Qiji
The young man drank heavily,
I wake up to Wujiang.
The bright moon casts shadows on the tall trees,
The water for ten miles is sinking and cold.
Most of them are a little bit palace yellow,
The world is full of fragrance.
I am afraid that the autumn wind and dew will dye the whole world with fragrance.
Appreciation:
This is a harmonious song written by Xin Qiji and his friend Yu Shuliang when he was living in Shangrao. Yu Shuliang’s condition is unknown. The title of this poem is: Recalling the appreciation of osmanthus in Wujiang River. Osmanthus osmanthus, also known as osmanthus, is also known as sweet-scented osmanthus. Xin Qiji wrote many poems about osmanthus, such as the poem "Taichang Yin Jiankang Mid-Autumn Festival" above.
But this poem is written with special interest. It does not specifically focus on the theme of osmanthus, but can separate from the osmanthus itself and combine it with one's own experience. The artistic conception is broader and the feelings are more cordial.
In the first part of this poem, a young man drinks heavily and wakes up in Wujiang. In these four sentences, the author introduces the sweet-scented osmanthus from his own travels. One autumn night when I was young, I woke up after drinking heavily in Wujiang River and saw a bright moon with the shadows of osmanthus trees in the middle. The osmanthus trees on the riverside and the fragrance of flowers from ten miles away floated on the Yanbo River, adding to the cold air: heaven and earth, They are all shrouded in the fragrance and shadow of cinnamon. Wujiang, also known as Wusongjiang, is located in the south of today's Suzhou and borders Taihu Lake to the west. Xin Qiji swam across Wujiang when he was young, so he missed this place quite fondly. Probably the sweet-scented osmanthus was in full bloom on both sides of the Wujiang River at that time, so when he chanted the sweet-scented osmanthus, it reminded him of his trip to the Wujiang River. In two sentences, the bright moon is high and the trees are shadowed, and the water is sinking and the smoke is cold for ten miles. Here, the word "tuan" is used to write the name of the osmanthus tree, the water is sinking, and the fragrance. Here, it refers to the fragrant osmanthus. The poet used his own experience of seeing the shadow of osmanthus and smelling the fragrance of osmanthus after he sobered up during a guest trip to write about osmanthus. The mood is bold, lively and natural.
Most of the next films are a little bit yellow, and the world is full of fragrance. I'm afraid the autumn wind and dew will dye the whole world with fragrance. The number of words is transferred from the writer's own experience to the sweet-scented osmanthus itself. Gonghuang refers to the ancient palace ladies who applied yellow powder to their foreheads, which is a kind of light makeup. Here it refers to osmanthus. Osmanthus fragrans is small in size, just like a pale palace yellow, but when it blooms in the human world, it is so fragrant. The flowers are small, yellow in color and fragrant, which are the characteristics of Osmanthus fragrans. These sentences describe all the characteristics of osmanthus, but focus on its fragrance, grasping the key points, and echoing the previous film.
This poem has a beautiful artistic conception. It captures the characteristics of Osmanthus fragrans, associates it with nature, and uses concise words. It is worthy of being a masterpiece among poems. Du Fu mourns the king and his grandson
"Mourns the king and his grandson"
Author: Du Fu
There are white crows on the head of Chang'an City, and the night flies are calling on the autumn gate.
He also pecked at people in the big house, and the dignitaries under the house ran away to avoid the evil.
The golden whip is broken and nine horses die, and their flesh and blood cannot wait to ride together.
The treasure under the waist? Green coral, the poor king and grandson are crying in the corner.
When asked, he refused to give his name, but he said that he was a slave in poverty.
It has been running through thorns for a hundred days, and there is no skin left on the body.
The descendants of Emperor Gao are all prosperous, and the dragon species is different from ordinary people.
The wolf is in the city and the dragon is in the wild, and the king and grandson are good at protecting their golden bodies.
I don’t dare to talk too long when I come to the crossroads, and I have a beard for the king and grandson.
Last night the east wind blew blood, and camels from the east filled the old capital.
Shuofang Jianer is very skilled, but how brave he was in the past and how foolish he is now.
It is rumored that the emperor has passed on to the throne, and his virtue has been conquered by Shanyu in the north and south.
Please avenge your shame in front of Huamen, be careful not to sneer at others.
Alas, King Sun is careful not to neglect, the good atmosphere of Wuling is always there.
Notes:
1. Yanqiu Gate: the west gate of Tang Palace Garden; out of this gate, you can cross the Weishui River by a bridge and go from Xianyang Avenue to Mawei.
2. Two sentences about nine horses: Refers to Xuanzong's fast horse whipping, eager to run away, leaving the flesh and blood of the Li family behind.
3. Jackals in the city: refers to An Lushan proclaiming himself emperor in Luoyang;
4. Dragon in the wild: refers to Xuanzong running away to Shu.
5. Shuofang's two sentences: Refers to the 200,000 Helong and Shuofang troops guarded by Ge Shuhan at Tongguan, who were defeated in Anlu Mountain.
6. Holy Virtue: During the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu were divided into north and south, and the Southern Shanyu (King of the Southern Xiongnu) sent envoys to proclaim themselves ministers. This refers to the fact that after Suzong ascended the throne, Huihe sent envoys to make good friends and was willing to help the Tang Dynasty quell the chaos.
7. Huamen: Huamen Mountain Fort is located three hundred miles north of Juyanhai (in today's Gansu). It is the station of the Uyghur cavalry, so it is used to refer to Uyghur.
8. Noodles: pear noodles. In ancient times, the Xiongnu custom cut their faces to bleed to express their loyalty and grief.
9. Be careful with sentences: Qian Qianyi said: At that time, the ministers who surrendered to the thieves must have the ears and eyes of the thieves, hunting down the emperor, grandson, concubine, and concubine to offer sacrifices. So here it is. Sniper: macaque. Because he is good at waiting and grabbing food, it means that someone will spy on him secretly.
10. Five Tombs: Chang'an has the Five Tombs of the Han Dynasty, namely the Changling Tomb of Emperor Gao, the Anling Tomb of Emperor Hui, the Yangling Tomb of Emperor Jing, the Maoling Mausoleum of Emperor Wu, and the Pingling Tomb of Emperor Zhao. It just so happened that the Tang Dynasty before Xuanzong also had the Five Tombs, namely Gaozu Xianling, Taizong Zhaoling, Gaozong Qianling, Zhongzong Dingling, Ruizong Qiaoling, Shi Hongbao's "Reading Du Shi Shuo" thinks that for this reason, the Five Tombs of the Tang Dynasty should not be compared with the Han Dynasty. , and don’t hesitate to use literal words.
11. Good Qi: Refers to the lush and green atmosphere in the tomb. It was originally a Feng Shui theory of Kanyu family in the old days.
12. No time at all: It means that there is hope for ZTE at any time.
Translation:
At the top of Chang'an City, a white-headed crow stands.
At dusk, it flies into the Yanqiu Gate and calls out.
The monster kept pecking at the official residence.
The officials were so frightened that they fled their homes to avoid the intruders.
Xuanzong ran away, broke the golden whip and exhausted the nine horses.
The emperor's relatives and relatives were too late to drive with him.
There was a young man who wore jade and coral around his waist.
What a pity, he cried hoarsely by the roadside.
Despite asking numerous questions, he still refuses to tell me his name.
He only says that he lives in poverty and begs to be accepted as a slave!
It has been more than a hundred days, and I have been running under the thorn bushes.
My body is not intact, and it is covered with cracks and scars.
Most of the descendants of Emperor Gao have straight noses.
Compared with commoners, dragons are naturally more elegant.
The jackal is proclaimed emperor in the city, but the dragon species lives in the wilderness.
My dear king, you must cherish your body.
At the crossroads, I dare not talk to you for a long time.
I can only stand for a moment and tell you important words.
Last night, the east wind blew the smell of blood.
Many camels, carriages and horses came to the east of Chang'an.
The northern army has always been good at fighting.
They were brave in the past, but now they are in decline.
I heard privately that the emperor had passed the throne to the prince.
Nandanyu sent envoys to worship him, and his virtue stabilized the world.
They all cut their faces and asked to avenge their shame and go to the front line.
You must keep your mouth shut to prevent the spy from being caught.
How pitiful Wang Sun, you must not be negligent.
The Wuling Mountains are lush and green, and there is hope for the rejuvenation of the Tang Dynasty!
Appreciation:
On June 9, the fifteenth year of Tianbao's reign (756), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Tongguan was lost. Neither the emperor nor the princess could escape. In July, Sun Xiaozhe, the general of the Anlushan tribe, captured Chang'an and killed more than a hundred people including Princess Huo. The kings and grandsons mentioned in the poem should be survivors of the disaster.
The poem first recalls the signs before the Anshi Rebellion; then describes the pain of the emperor and grandson being exiled after the emperor abandoned the king and grandson in a hurry; finally, he informs the king and grandson of the situation inside and outside, and exhorts the king and grandson to take care of themselves and wait for the restoration of the country.
The whole poem describes scenes and emotions, which the poet has witnessed, heard, and personally experienced, so the emotions are sincere. It's heartwarming, the narrative is clear and crisp, and the tone is real and friendly. You can see its spirit when you write about sympathy, you can see its emotion when you write about dialogue, you can see its truth when you write about discussion, and you can see its earnestness when it comes to writing about hope. This is the reason why Du's poems are called the history of poetry.