"Fu on a Thousand Cliffs" describes the beauty of the moonlit night and the pleasant feeling of drinking and reciting poems on the river in a romantic style, and then leads to the debate between subject and object through the guests and their bitterness, so as to explore the outlook on life and the world.
The answer of "guest" shows the feeling of nostalgia and sadness, and the emotional color is very sad. The reason why "guest" is "sad" lies in touching the scene and feeling that life is too short. The scene in front of us is easily reminiscent of Cao Cao's poems, and then of Cao Cao's defeat in Chibi. Such a "former hero" disappeared with the River of No Return, and so did the aspirant. What's more, those of us who are short in life not only envy the eternity of the Yangtze River, but also lament that life is short, showing a negative outlook on life and nihilism. For the literati in feudal society, when they are frustrated in politics or life, they often fall into such depression and confusion. As Cao Cao said in "Short Songs": "How to solve the worries? Only Du Kang! " This is a good way for the ancients to save themselves. Li Bai is lamenting that "the husband of heaven and earth is the inverse of everything;" After "Time flies and a hundred generations pass", didn't you go on to say "Life is like a dream, for fun?" The ancients walked by candlelight at night. Good. "Wei Zhuang, another poet in the Tang Dynasty, also said," Don't complain that the golden cup is full. Speaking of wine and hehe, life can become geometry! " .
But Su Shi didn't use this method. In his view, raising a glass to eliminate worries will only make people more worried. As the saying goes, the only way to get rid of mental depression is to seek your own philosophical "liberation". Therefore, although he expressed his sadness through a guest's mouth, the alcoholic's original intention was not to publicize this pessimistic argument, but to imitate the Fu family's method of "restraining the guest and delaying the Lord" and strive to clarify the unchanging truth of everything and escape from useless pessimism. Therefore, there is no contradiction between "sadness" and bold style in this article. Perilla's answer took care of the scenery at the beginning of the article and the jokes of the guests, and compared the bright moon with the river, indicating that everything in the world and life have changed and remained unchanged. From the perspective of change, everything in the world can't stay the same even in the blink of an eye; From an eternal point of view, everything and human beings are eternal, and there is no need to envy the infinity of the Yangtze River and the eternal rise and fall of the bright moon, nor to lament the shortness of life. We should pay more attention to spirit than material things, stick to our immortal cause, and keep a calm and detached attitude and optimistic and open-minded feelings.
Some of the author's language is easily misunderstood as "eat, drink and be merry", but this idea is not directly reflected in the article, which shows that I hope I don't groan and pursue the illusion-proof realm that seems detached from the world, but it is unrealistic; But to adapt to the reality, in this quiet and comfortable environment, indulge in the embrace of nature. Su Shi's point of view contains certain rationality, because he does not agree to see the absoluteness of the problem and pays attention to the dialectical relationship between things. But this view is unscientific, because the author follows Zhuangzi's relativism view, negates the objective standard of measuring things, and obliterates the actual boundary between matter and quantity. In short, under the background at that time, the author's view was positive. This view of "the combination of things and me" shows Su Shi's affirmation and love for life. Nature is an endless treasure, which can be used as people's spiritual sustenance. Therefore, Su Shi believes that people should not take what they shouldn't take, but should take it. We don't have to envy infinity because of "the moment of my life", but we should let the infinite natural things enjoyed by "my life" get pleasure from it.
Throughout Su Shi's life, he not only adhered to the personality ideal of a scholar-bureaucrat with a sense of social responsibility, such as actively joining the WTO, being upright and abiding by his beliefs, but also maintained a high degree of harmony between the realm of life and the realm of mind in pursuit of transcending the secular and artistic culture. Countless turmoil in officialdom and setbacks in life have forged the poet's broad-minded mind-especially when we read his works in this period, can we have more understanding and philosophical thinking about life?
Attached:
Original "Red Cliff Fu"
In autumn, on July 16th and 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan and hovered between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy.
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am in my arms, looking at the beauty and the sky. " Some guests blow a hole and live in peace with each other by songs, and their voices are sad: if you complain, you cry and complain; The sound is endless; It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
Su Shi's face was sad and sad, so he sat up in a corner and asked the guest, "How do you know?" ? "The guest said," There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south. Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. The mountains and rivers are winding and gloomy; Isn't this Meng Zhizhi trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. It is thousands of miles long, covered with flags, drunk on the river, writing poems sideways. The hero of the solid world, now? My son and I, firewood over Zhu Jiang, make friends with fish, shrimp and elk, and belong to each other with a boat and a bottle. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Lament the moment of my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River; Fei Xian went on a trip, holding the bright moon and dying; Knowing that it is impossible to get it suddenly, I hate it. "
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must look at it from its own changes, and heaven and earth cannot be temporary; If you look at it from its unchanging point of view, then everything is endless to me. What do you envy? Between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not mine, it's a dime. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are audible to the ears and visible to the eyes. Inexhaustible, inexhaustible. It is the creator's endless hiding place, and my son and I are in the right place. "
Guests smile, wash the lights more carefully, the dishes are done, and the cups and plates are messy. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white.
Houchibi mansion
It is the hope of October and will return to Lingao after starting from Tang Xue. The two guests never gave Sakamoto the yellow mud. Since the frost has fallen, the leaves have fallen, and the figure is on the ground. Look up at the bright moon, take care of it, and sing and answer. He sighed: "there are guests without wine, wine without food, and the moon is white and clear." What a wonderful night! " The guest said, "At dusk today, I got a fish with a huge scale, like a Songjiang perch. How about Gu 'an's wine? " Go home and find a woman. The woman said, "I had a beer fight and hid it for a long time, just for fear that my son would need it." So I swam to the red cliff with wine and fish. The river is noisy, and the shore breaks thousands of feet; The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the truth comes out. Once the sun and the moon were geometric, but the mountains and rivers were unrecognizable. Jade wears clothes, walks stones, wears velvet, lives in tigers and leopards, climbs dragons, climbs storks' dangerous nests and overlooks the secluded palace in Feng Yi. You can't cover two guests at will. However, the whistling, the vibration of vegetation, the sound of mountains and valleys, and the wind and water are surging. Giving is also quiet and sad, awe and fear, and it is impossible to stay. Instead, get on the boat, let it flow and stop it. It will be half past midnight, and I will be lonely. There is a solitary crane, and the river comes from the east. Wings, like wheels, suddenly rang and swept to the boat and left to the west.
The guest left, gave it and fell asleep. I dreamed that a Taoist priest was wandering under Lingao and said, "The joy of Chibi?" Ask his name, but don't answer. "alas! Hey! I know all about it. Aren't those people who flew past me evil in the past night? " The Taoist priest smiled and was surprised. Open an account and have a look. I can't see it.
Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia
River of no return,
The waves are exhausted, and the romantic figures of the ages.
West of the old base,
Humanism is the Red Cliff of Zhou Lang in the Three Kingdoms.
Rocks pass through the air, waves beat against the coast,
Roll up thousands of piles of snow.
Picturesque mountains and rivers, there are many heroes at one time.
Think back to Gong Jin.
Xiao Qiao, who is newly married, is handsome and heroic.
Feather fan nylon towel,
Talking and laughing,
The ashes are gone.
I wander in my motherland, smiling at me with enthusiasm,
Early birth and good hair.
Life is like a dream, a statue returns to the moon.