Four famous pavilions: Aiwan Pavilion (Changsha, Hunan), Drunkard Pavilion (Chu County, Anhui), Taoran Pavilion (Beijing), Huxin Pavilion (West Lake, Hangzhou)
Chu, Anhui The County Drunkard Pavilion
Located at the foothills of Langya Mountain in the southwest of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, it is one of the famous historic sites in Anhui Province. This pavilion is the focus of the legendary work "The Drunkard Pavilion" written by Ouyang Xiu, a great essayist of the Song Dynasty. The Zuiweng Pavilion is small and unique, with the characteristics of Jiangnan pavilions. It is close to the steep mountain wall, with cornices sticking out in the sky. Although it has been robbed and rebuilt many times over the past hundreds of years, it has never been forgotten. After liberation, the People's Government listed Zuiweng Pavilion as a key provincial cultural relic protection unit and renovated it many times.
(1) Ouyang Xiu and the Drunkard Pavilion - Langye Mountain
Our trip to Chuzhou was entirely to pay homage to Ouyang Xiu's Drunkard Pavilion. In "The Drunkard's Pavilion", Ou Gong goes straight to the point and expresses his thoughts: "Chuzhou is surrounded by mountains. The peaks in the southwest and the forest ravines are particularly beautiful." We were all fascinated by it; and "The Drunkard's intention is not to drink." "It's between the mountains and the rivers", which makes our admiration for Zuiweng Pavilion continue to grow.
Chuzhou is located in the eastern part of Anhui Province, 48 kilometers east of Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, and 130 kilometers west of Hefei, the provincial capital. Because it is connected to the peaks of Langya Mountain in the southwest of the city, the city and the mountain are integrated, and it is beautiful and beautiful. One of the five major scenic spots in the province. Langya Mountain was called Motuoling in ancient times. It is said that during the Western Jin Dynasty, Langya King Sima Pei led his troops to attack Wu and stationed here, so later generations changed its name to "Langya Mountain". Langya Mountain is not very high, but it is quiet and beautiful, with beautiful scenery all year round. There are deep ravines in the mountains, lush trees, flowers and grass everywhere, and endless chirping of birds. Langya elm is like a canopy of pavilions, Zuiweng elm is unique to the country, Langya creek, glass marsh, meandering water gully stream; Rangquan, Zhuoying spring, Ziwei spring, etc. The mountain springs are sweet and refreshing, and the caves such as Guiyun Cave, Xuehong Cave, Chongxi Cave, and Taoyuan Cave are magical. There are also ancient architectural complexes such as Langya Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, Zuiweng Pavilion and Fengle Pavilion built in the Song Dynasty, as well as hundreds of cliff inscriptions since the Tang and Song Dynasties. Among them, the stone statue of "Avalokitesvara (Guanyin)" painted by Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty and The inscriptions "The Drunken Old Pavilion" and "The Fengle Pavilion" written by Su Dongpo in the Song Dynasty are regarded as rare treasures. The ancients called it the "Eight Scenic Spots in Eastern Anhui" that include famous mountains, temples, pavilions, springs, texts, monuments, caves and forests. The magnificent and beautiful Langya Mountain has always enjoyed the reputation of "unparalleled after Penglai". "Mountain" reputation.
Langya Mountain has elegant and beautiful scenery and long cultural origins. According to historical records, Langya scenic spot was established in the Dali period since Li Youqing, the governor of the Tang Dynasty. In Nanshan, he "cut stones to divert springs and formed streams into them", which was named Langya Creek. "Build an upper and lower square, a meditation hall and a piano platform" on the bank of the stream. Following Li Youqing, famous scribes of the Tang and Song Dynasty, such as Wei Yingwu, Duguji, Li Shen, Li Deyu, Ouyang Xiu, Xin Qiji, etc., successively went out to guard Chuzhou, built cities, buildings, and developed scenic spots, and passed down many famous poems and poems. Especially when Ouyang Xiu was relegated to Chuzhou in the Song Dynasty, he built the Drunkard Pavilion and Fengle Pavilion, and wrote such well-known masterpieces as "The Drunkard Pavilion" and "The Fengle Pavilion". And it will become brighter." Langya Mountain is famous for its beautiful mountains and literary mountains. As Langya Mountain becomes increasingly famous, literati and dignitaries come to visit the ancient times one after another and write poems and carve stones. Famous poets such as Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong, Song Lian, Wen Zhengming, Li Mengyang, Wang Shizhen, etc. Writers have also left their footprints here. There are hundreds of cliffs and inscriptions since the Tang and Song Dynasties. The inscriptions of "The Drunkard's Pavilion" written by famous calligraphers of past dynasties in "zhen, cursive, official script and seal script" complement each other with the ancient roads, pavilions and ancient buildings in the mountains. The beauty of Langya Mountain lies in its leisurely retreat from the hustle and bustle; the elegance of Langya Mountain lies in its deep and secluded artistic conception that integrates natural landscape and architecture, making it full of interest and lingering. (Sun Minggao)
(2) Ouyang Xiu and Drunken Old Man Pavilion - Drunkard Old Man Pavilion
The Drunkard Old Man Pavilion is located beside the Langya Ancient Road halfway up Langya Mountain, and is a must-pass on the way to Langya Temple. land. According to "Langya Mountain Chronicles", in the sixth year of Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty (1046), Ouyang Xiu was demoted to the prefect of Chuzhou. He cherished the past and the mountains and rivers. Zhixian, a monk in the mountain, built a pavilion for him to drink and compose poems. Ouyang Xiu named himself "Drunkard Old Man", and after the pavilion, he wrote the handed down work "The Drunken Old Man's Pavilion". Because of this, Zuiweng Pavilion is famous far and wide and is known as "the best pavilion in the world". Ouyang Xiu not only drinks here, but also often works here. There is a poem praising him: "Because of his political career, he enjoys a prosperous life and always does official business in the pavilion." The sentence "The drunkard's intention is not in the wine, but in the mountains and rivers" vividly embodies Ouyang Xiu's inner world of loving the mountains and rivers and making the people happy and prosperous. There is a couplet in the pavilion that also comments on this: "How can I get drunk if I don't drink too much? I am still young and call myself a man."
When the Zuiweng Pavilion was first built, there was only one pavilion. It was not until the seventh year of Guangxu (AD 1881) that Xue Shiyu, the Quanjiao Observer, presided over the reconstruction, and the Zuiweng Pavilion was restored to its original appearance. The Drunkard's Pavilion is famous because of Ouyang Xiu and his "The Drunkard's Pavilion". Although it has experienced changes and calamities over hundreds of years, it has never been forgotten. As a couplet in the Drunkard's Pavilion says: "The old man died eight hundred years ago." "Zuiweng Pavilion is still there; six or seven miles into the mountains, there are no lonely pavilions."
The buildings around Zuiweng Pavilion have a compact and unique layout, and the small and unique pavilions have the characteristics of Jiangnan gardens. Today's Drunken Old Pavilion is no longer a lonely pavilion. Although the total area is less than 1,000 square meters, the pavilion surrounded by mountains contains nine pavilions and seven pavilions: Zuiweng Pavilion, Baosongzhai, Feng Gong Temple, Gumei Pavilion, Yingxiang Pavilion, Yizai Pavilion, Yi Pavilion, Lan Yutai has different styles and is not the same as each other. It is known as the "Nine Scenes of Drunkard". The Drunkard Pavilion is located near mountains and rivers, elegant and peaceful.
The environment here is very beautiful with whirling ancient trees, scattered pavilions, picturesque green mountains, and clear water. The entire layout is rigorous and compact, with deep twists and turns, and is full of poetry and painting. The newly sculpted statue of Ouyang Xiu in the pavilion has a peaceful expression. There is a huge stone next to the pavilion, on which are engraved the three characters "Drunkard Pavilion" in round-bottomed seal script. Not far from the pavilion, a spring overflows from the ground. A square pool is built with stones next to the spring. The water flows into the pool and then flows into the mountain stream. The pool is three feet square and about two feet deep. On the pool there is an inscription with the word "Rangquan" erected by Cikui, the governor of the state in the 40th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty. The temperature of the spring water does not change much throughout the year and remains at 17 or 18 degrees Celsius. The spring water is "as sweet as glutinous rice wine and as clear as glass", so it is also called "Glass Spring".
There is Erxian Hall in the north of Zuiweng Pavilion. It was first built in the second year of Shaosheng in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1095). It was built by local people to commemorate the two prefects of Chuzhou, Wang Yucheng and Ouyang Xiu. The original hall has been destroyed, and the current hall was rebuilt after the founding of the People's Republic of China. There are two couplets in the hall. The first one says: "Is it not fun to be banished to Huanggang to carry out the Book of Changes and burn incense and sit in silence? It is not my only pleasure to be banished to Pifeng Mountain in Chushang to drink wine and write essays." The second one is: "When I wake up, I want to be less tired and less tired. After being drunk, my mind is at ease and my dreams are clear." He was indignant at the two eunuchs who were demoted to Chuzhou because they cared about state affairs. He also expressed deep admiration for the two eunuchs' poetry, culture, education and the enjoyment of the people. Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072), courtesy name Yongshu, also known as Zuiweng and Liuyi Jushi, was a native of Luling (Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province). He was a famous writer, historian and politician during the Northern Song Dynasty in my country. He was born into a poor family, had an alert nature, and studied diligently. In the eighth year of Tiansheng's reign (1030), Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty became a Jinshi. He served as an admonishment officer, a scholar of the Hanlin Academy, a deputy privy envoy, and a counselor in political affairs. He was demoted for participating in Fan Zhongyan's "Qingli Reform" and served as the governor of Chuzhou. In terms of literature, Ouyang Xiu took Han Yu as his sect, fought hard to eliminate the extravagant style of literature in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and promoted a large number of elites such as Wang Anshi and Su Shi. Six of the famous "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" in the history of Chinese literature (Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty; Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong in the Song Dynasty) were included in the Northern Song Dynasty. Besides Ouyang Xiu himself, the other five families all came from Oumen. Ouyang Xiu not only has extraordinary achievements, but also has a noble character, which has long made our generation admire him.
On the west side of the Drunkard Pavilion is the Baosong Zhai, which was built in the second year of Ming Dynasty (1622 AD). It was built by the Ming Dynasty to protect Su Shi's handwritten "The Drunkard Pavilion". There are two stone tablets in the house. The front and back sides are engraved with the full text of "The Drunkard's Pavilion" written by Su Dongpo. "The Drunkard's Pavilion" was first engraved in the eighth year of the Qingli Dynasty. Because the characters are small and shallow, it is difficult to pass them down for a long time. It was also written by Yuanyou. In the sixth year (1091), Su Dongpo, a disciple of Ouyang Xiu and the great poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, revised the book and reengraved it in large characters. The writing and calligraphy complemented each other very well. Later generations called it "Ouyang Xiu's characters, a perfect combination". It was regarded as a rare treasure left by the Song Dynasty, and was closely related to Langya. The stone statue of "Avalokitesvara" painted by Wu Daozi in the temple is also a rare ancient cultural treasure.
To the south of Baosongzhai is a larger courtyard, in which pavilions such as Pavilion, Ancient Plum Pavilion, Yingxiang Pavilion and Yi Pavilion are intentionally built. The spring water flows in from outside the wall, twisting and turning like the nine turns of the ileum. Legend has it that Ouyang Xiu often had a drink with his friends here, and he once imitated the people of Jin Dynasty and made a "Qu Shui Shui Shang", which became an interesting talk for later generations. Later generations built a pavilion at the "Nine Curved Slices" and imitated Ouyang Xiu's play in the water, drinking and having fun. The pavilion is like Suzhou garden architecture, very quaint and elegant. The Ancient Plum Pavilion is located to the north of the Drunken Old Pavilion. It is named after an ancient plum tree in front of the pavilion. It is also called the Plum Appreciating Pavilion. It is said that this plum was planted by Ouyang Xiu, and it is known as "Ou Mei" in the world. The original plum had withered long ago, and this plant was replanted by people in the Ming Dynasty. The ancient plum is 7 meters high and starts to divide into four branches six or seventy centimeters above the ground. The four branches are more than 70 centimeters thick, and their faces are pale and scarred. Although it has been exposed to wind, frost, rain and snow for hundreds of years, its branches and leaves are still luxuriant and its fragrance is endless. This ancient plum is a rare variety. It does not compete with winter plums in flowering period, nor does it compete with spring plums. It blooms alone with apricot flowers, so it is called "apricot plum". There is Gumei Pavilion in the north and Yingxiang Pavilion in the south. It was built on a pond. It was originally called Jianmei Pavilion. Later, someone inscribed two inscriptions on the wall: "Cold current sparse shadows" and "Cui accumulates fragrance", so it was changed to its current name. In spring, "the wild fields are fragrant and fragrant"; in summer, "the beautiful trees are beautiful and full of shade"; in autumn, the sky is high and the clouds are clear, and "the wind and frost are noble"; in winter, you can enjoy the stone scenery in the stream "when the water falls and the rocks are revealed", the scenery of the four seasons is different and the joy is endless .
(3) Ouyang Xiu and the Drunkard Pavilion - Fengle Pavilion
Fengle Pavilion is built in the valley at the northeastern foot of Fengshan in Langya Mountain Scenic Area. It has the best scenery in Fengshan place. It is about 1 km away from Chuzhou City. Here, facing the peaks and valleys, leaning against the gurgling water, towering ancient trees, and mountain flowers everywhere, the scenery is very beautiful. Regarding the construction of Fengle Pavilion, Ouyang Xiu told his friends in "Books with Han Zhongxian King": "I found a spring in the valley of Fengshan southwest of (Chuzhou) City. The water tastes sweet and cold. I love the mountain tops and change it. Build a small pavilion by the spring." But the folklore is slightly different: it is said that Ouyang Xiu was entertaining guests at home and sent his servants to brew water from the spring in front of the Drunkard Pavilion to make tea. Unexpectedly, the servant fell down on the way back and all the water was lost, so he went to fetch spring water from Fengshan. However, Ouyang Xiu knew as soon as he tasted it that it was not spring water, so his servants had no choice but to tell the truth. Ouyang Xiu immediately went to Fengshan with his guests. Seeing that the springs here were not only good, but also the scenery was beautiful, so he sparsed the springs, built a pond, and opened up land to build a pavilion. The name of the spring "Fengle Spring" and the name of the pavilion "Fengle Pavilion" take the meaning of "abundance of things every year" and "joy with the people". Ouyang Xiu also wrote the companion chapter of "The Drunkard Pavilion" - - "The Record of Fengle Pavilion" also records the grand occasion of having fun with the people in the poem "Spring Tour in Fengle Pavilion": "The sun is setting on the red trees and green mountains, and the grass in the long suburbs is green and boundless. Visitors don't know that spring will be old, and they come and go to the pavilion. Stepping on the fallen flowers."
Later, Su Dongpo engraved the entire text of "Fengle Pavilion" on the stone tablet in the pavilion for people to read and appreciate, leaving behind the same rare treasure of "Owen and Su characters, a perfect combination."
Fengle Pavilion Pavilion There is a mountain gate in front of the pavilion, a hall behind the pavilion, Jiuxian Temple (also known as Weilou, which houses the portraits of nine sages related to Chuzhou), Baofeng Hall, etc., surrounded by walls. Inside the Fengle Pavilion is a calligraphy and inscription by Su Dongpo. "Fengle Pavilion" stone tablet, the stone statue of "Guanyin Bodhisattva" painted by Wu Daozi, and the Baofeng Hall has the inscription of "Poems of Twelve Scenes of Chuzhou" written by Yin Mengbi, the judge of Chuzhou in the Ming Dynasty. These are all masterpieces of ancient Chinese culture and art. Treasure.
There was originally a "Xijian" to the north of Fengle Pavilion, separated by a mountain from Fengle Pavilion. When Wei Yingwu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was the governor of Chuzhou, he was attracted by the beautiful scenery and sang about it. Afterwards, people built Yedu here according to Webster's poem. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to control floods and develop water conservancy, the government built a dam on the West Stream, forming a mountain reservoir called "Chengxi Lake", which made many scenic spots. At the bottom of the lake, another natural scene appeared, surrounded by green mountains, with rippling clear water in the middle, beautiful mountains and clear waters, fish jumping and flying birds, endless scenery and full of vitality.
(4) Drunken Old Man Xicang. Langousu***Fengliu
A pavilion is a building with a roof and no walls. Since ancient times, most of the famous pavilions have a close connection with traditional culture and are known as one of the four famous pavilions. The so-called Zuiweng Pavilion, Canglang Pavilion, Taoran Pavilion and Aiwan Pavilion all have their own unique cultural connotations.
Taoran Pavilion and Aiwan Pavilion were built in the Qing Dynasty. The names come from Bai Juyi's poem "I'm drunk with you and I'm in rapture" and Du Mu's poem "Stop and sit in the maple forest at night". Aiwan Pavilion is also famous as the place where Mao Zedong studied in his early years. The most famous historical and cultural sites are Zuiweng Pavilion and Canglang Pavilion. The two pavilions were built in the sixth year of Qingli and were respectively located in Chuzhou, Huainan and Suzhou, Wuzhong. Facing each other across the river and hundreds of miles away, the two literary giants of Europe and the Soviet Union are closely linked to the immortal friendship, which has become a monument admired and admired by future generations. Everyone knows that Ouyang Xiu was the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. Around him, Su Shunqin became the vanguard and backbone of this movement with his outstanding literary and poetic talents. Su Shunqin was also one of the two most respected poets in Ouyang Xiu's life (the other was Mei Yaochen).
< p>After the failure of Fan Zhongyan's "Qingli New Deal", Ouyang Xiu was demoted to Chuzhou for the trumped-up "Zhang Nephew Case"; Su Shunqin was trapped in the so-called "Zou Di Prison" and was deposed as a civilian. Living in Suzhou. Ou Gong lived in Chu, which was a political setback, but he could face it calmly and be optimistic. When he was not in politics, he was intoxicated by the beautiful scenery of "Chuzhou is surrounded by mountains". He often stayed in Langya Mountain with his staff and family. The people of the state enjoyed together and became a historical legend. The mountain monk Zhixian respected and admired Ou Gong's academic articles and moral character, and specially built a pavilion in the mountain to entertain him during his mountain tours. Ou Gong took "Drunkard Old Man" as the name of the pavilion, and thus created the famous poem "The Drunken Old Man Pavilion". He was in middle age at that time, "I was forty and still strong, and I called myself a drunkard talking about opera." Su Shunqin, who had no way to serve his country, wandered around Suzhou alone. He often went out of the city to wander. One day, he saw a vast wasteland on the east side of the county school, surrounded by water on three sides. The place was lush with vegetation and surrounded by mixed flowers and bamboos, still retaining the feeling of a garden. After visiting the old man, he found out that it was a former Chiguan, so he resolutely bought it, reset the water and stones, arranged the water and stacked the stones, and built pavilions and pavilions to chew on his loneliness. He named the Canglang Pavilion after the line "The water in the Canglang is clear and can be used to wash my tassel; the water in the Canglang is turbid and can be used to wash my feet" in the "Fisherman" chapter of "Chu Ci", which symbolizes his ups and downs in the world. The embrace of peace and solitude.The political misfortunes of Europe and the Soviet Union brought literary gains. "The Drunken Old Man's Pavilion" and "The Canglang Pavilion" have become shining immortal chapters in the history of literature. "The Drunkard's Pavilion" describes the scenery with emotion. It not only wonderfully depicts the changing scenery of Langya Mountain in four seasons, but also uses "music" as the literary language to describe the travel, chanting, and banquets of the author, his guests, and his subordinates. The joy of drinking, chess and shooting vividly demonstrates Ou Gong's style and unrestrained style of benevolence to the people and broad administration. Twenty-one "ye"s are used in the whole poem, with a unique style, three sighs in one song, and endless charm. It has always been called the swan song. Su Shunqin's "Canglang Pavilion" is a different situation: the author "The boat passed by with a scarf, and when it arrived, it was forgotten about its return. It sang loudly while drinking wine, and stood up and roared. The wild old people did not come, and the fish and birds died. "Happy." Su Shunqin was good at adversity and lived a quiet and comfortable life. By the secluded and crystal-clear Canglang Pavilion, he felt that losing his official status was not a personal misfortune. He wrote in his notes: "Returning to the place of glory and disgrace, the sun and the money grind against each other, it is not despicable to be separated from this real interest!" The poet is good at discussion, and here he uses passionate language to directly express his feelings and reflect Showing his disdain for official life.
From the collected works of Ou and Su, we can also learn about their friendly exchanges at that time. Su's poem records the vivid scene of Ouyang Xiu building Fengle Pavilion in Chuzhou and traveling there with the people, "Built a pavilion in it, with pavilions on all sides. The name Fengle refers to agriculture."
He also used the poem "A hundred people supported a large cart, and the city watched the wind and waves roll" to describe the interesting story of Ouyang Xiu using three oxen to drag a two-wheeled cart to transport Lingxi boulders through the city, and thousands of people rushed to watch. Ouyang Xiu He also wrote a poem to be sent to Canglang Pavilion: "Zimei (Su Shunqin's courtesy name is Zimei) sent me Canglang Yin and invited me to write a Canglang chapter. There are some unreachable scenery in Canglang, which makes me look eastward with a leisurely mind. ...Although lay guests are not allowed to come, don’t cherish the good words passed down among the people. "The lines contain infinite care and endless longing for friends, revealing the true feelings of close friends.
Today, there is a couplet in Canglang Pavilion: "The breeze and the bright moon are priceless, and there is love in the mountains and rivers far away. "This couplet is a collection of European and Soviet poems. The poetic meaning is harmonious and the contrast is neat, just like the same person. This combination cleverly keeps the friendship between two historical celebrities forever in the same pavilion, which makes people daydream and stimulate people's imagination. (Excerpted from "Suzhou Magazine")
(5) The Drunkard Pavilion's Famous Reward
Before you become a man, you still need to walk everywhere;
You can't live up to the mountains and forests after getting drunk.
How many beautiful scenery have been thrown away easily in a hundred years of life;
This is the eternal hero who wakes up.
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Eight hundred years after Weng passed away, Zuixiang is still there;
Six or seven miles up the mountain, the pavilion is not alone.
Zuiweng Pavilion is located at the foot of Langya Mountain in Chu County, Langya in the Northern Song Dynasty. The temple was built by the monk Zhixian. Ouyang Xiu called himself "Drunkard". Xiu was born in Luling (now Ji'an, Jiangxi Province) and was a literary leader in the early Song Dynasty. "Weng" is what his poem "Giving Shen Peng" said: "When I was forty, I was still strong, and I called myself the Drunkard Old Man." His "Drunkard Old Man's Pavilion" is still famous. "It's been eight hundred years since the old man passed away." Ouyang Xiu died in the fifth year of Xining (1072), the last year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, about 800 years ago. "Zuixiang" originally refers to Zuizhong Jingjie, and is borrowed from "Sixty-seven Miles of Mountain Walk". "The Drunken Old Pavilion" has been in its original state for ten years, which means that the Yongquan Supreme Pavilion is not alone. From the physical aspect, since the pavilion was built, many tourists have been added around it, such as Eryan Hall, Yinxiang Pavilion, and so on. Xingyuan, etc.; from an intangible aspect, he led the classical prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was good at prose, poetry, and lyrics, and had a great influence on later generations of literature. Moreover, the couplets summarize the time, location of the pavilion, history and current situation, as well as the activities of the owner of the pavilion during his lifetime and the impact on society after his death. "The drunken man is still there" and "the shadow of the pavilion is not alone", which not only describes the scene, but also contains the past and present. The remembrance and gratitude for Zhe's indelible influence are very clever, and the words are concise and memorable.
Beijing Taoranting
Taoranting Park is located at Taoran Bridge in the South Second Ring Road of Beijing. Northwest side. The total area of ??the garden is 59 hectares, of which 17 hectares are water. It is the earliest modern garden built in Beijing after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is known as a scenic spot in Yanjing. It has a long history and mottled historical sites. The beautiful garden scenery, rich cultural connotation and glorious revolutionary historical sites make it a tourist attraction. .
In the 34th year of Emperor Kangxi’s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1695), Jiang Zao, a doctor from the Ministry of Industry, was ordered to supervise the Black Kiln Factory. He built a small pavilion in the west of Mercy Nunnery and copied Bai Juyi’s poem "Waiting for Juhuang". The pavilion is named after the word "Taoran" in the sentence "When the home brew is cooked, I will be drunk and intoxicated with you". This small pavilion is very popular among literati and is known as "the place where Zhou Hou borrowed flowers and the right army cultivated evil spirits". "Place" was regarded as a must-visit place by literati from all over the country who came to Beijing. During the more than 200 years of the Qing Dynasty, this pavilion enjoyed a long-lasting reputation and continued to prosper, becoming one of the best places in the capital.
Around Taoran Pavilion , there are many famous historical sites. There is Nagarjuna Temple in the northwest. There are buildings in the temple such as Jianjiazhen, Tianni Pavilion, Kanshan Tower, and Baobing Hall. Celebrities often hang out here. Its popularity is comparable to that of Taoran Pavilion after Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty. There are Black Dragon Pond, Dragon King Pavilion, Nezha Temple, Cimei Garden, and Zuyuan in the southeast; Fengshi Garden in the southwest; kiln platform in the north; incense tomb, parrot tomb, and the modern Zuiguo Tomb and Saijinhua Tomb in the northeast. wait. Most of these historical sites were produced earlier than Taoranting, and some were even earlier than Mercy Temple. They all have a history of literati and poets chanting, and they have experienced glorious periods when they were leaders.
Taoranting in modern times has a glorious historical chapter. Before and after the "May 4th" movement, Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, and Zhou Enlai, the founders and leaders of the Communist Party of China, came to Taoranting to carry out revolutionary activities. On January 18, 1920, Mao Zedong and members of the "Auxiliary Society" in Beijing gathered to discuss the struggle to expel the Hunan warlord Zhang Jingyao. After the meeting, they took a group photo in front of the large locust tree outside the gate of Mercy Temple. On August 16, 1920, progressive groups such as Tianjin's "Awakening Society" and Beijing's "Young China Society" discussed in the North Hall the direction of the revolutionary struggle after the "May 4th" and the issue of the joint struggle of various groups. In July and August 1921, Li Dazhao, through Chen Yusheng, a member of the "Young China Society", rented two rooms in the south room of Mercy Nunnery in the name of his wife Jin Qi's new burial in the tomb of Mrs. Shou beside Taoranting, and carried out secret activities here. By 1923 , Deng Zhongxia, Yun Daiying, Gao Junyu and others often came to attend meetings.
The garden has lush trees, luxuriant flowers and plants, staggered pavilions and pavilions, and the scenery is pleasant. On the island in the center of the lake, there are Jinqiudun and Yantoushan, forming a tripod with Taoranting. There is Jinqiu Pavilion on the top of Jinqiu Dun, and the site is the site of Huaxian Temple. There is "Rose Mountain" at the foot of the mountain south of the pavilion, where are the ruins of the original Incense Tomb, Parrot Tomb and Saijinhua Tomb.
In the quiet pine forest at the foothills north of Tingting, there are the famous tombs of Gao Junyu and Shi Pingmei. There is a Cui Pavilion on the top of Yantou Mountain, opposite the Jinqiu Pavilion. There is a Chengguang Pavilion at the foot of the mountain to the southwest of the pavilion. It is the most suitable place to look at the lake and the mountains. At the foot of the mountain to the north of the pavilion is Changqingxuan.
The Huaxia Mingting Garden built in 1985 is the "garden within a garden" of Taoranting Park. It adopts the method of concentrating tourism resources and selects replicas of famous domestic pavilions. There are "Drunkard Pavilion", "Orchid Pavilion", "Echi Stele Pavilion", "Shaoling Thatched Cottage Stele Pavilion", "Canglang Pavilion", "Duxing Pavilion", "Erquan Pavilion", "Chui Tai", " There are more than ten pavilions such as "Moon-Dipping Pavilion" and "Hundred Slope Pavilion". These famous pavilions are all imitated in a 1:1 ratio, and the pavilions and scenery are combined to complement each other. Wandering in the garden is like traveling among the mountains and rivers of Liba, or visiting the splendid hometown of Wu and Yue. The historical and cultural connotations are even deeper.
Taoran Pavilion in the past and present
The pavilion is an architectural style with strong national characteristics in my country. There are many famous pavilions in Beijing, such as the Zhichunting Pavilion in the Summer Palace, the Wulong Pavilion in Beihai Park, the Wanchun Pavilion in Jingshan Park, and the Langfeng Pavilion in Xiangshan Park. They are all well-known. However, there are not many parks named after pavilions. The most famous one is Taoranting Park located in the south of the city.
The earliest Taoran Pavilion actually did not have a pavilion, but three open halls built by Jiang Zao, a doctor in the Ministry of Industry, in the 34th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1695) to the west of Mercy Temple in the ancient temple for temporary rest. use. Taking the meaning of Bai Juyi's poem "Waiting for the chrysanthemum and yellow wine to ripen, I will be drunk and intoxicated with you", so it was named "Taoranting". It is customary to call it Jiangting after the surname of the person who built the pavilion. The "pavilion" here refers to the original meaning of "a pavilion on the road, so it stops to gather pedestrians". "Pavilion" is the same as "pavilion". It is a house for pedestrians to rest, not a "pavilion" as a garden landscape. Therefore, there is a saying that "there is no pavilion in the river pavilion".
Jiangting is located in the outer suburbs of the Forbidden City. The terrain is low-lying, with water forming a lake, thick reeds, lush vegetation, open space and leisurely, full of pastoral flavor and wild charm of the mountain village. Literati in the Qing Dynasty often drank wine, recited poems, and wandered around the landscape. Many people with lofty ideals in modern history, such as Lin Zexu, Gong Zizhen, Qiu Jin, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, and Tan Sitong, have visited here, either worrying about the times and mourning the world, singing generous elegies, or gathering secretly to plan reforms. Before and after the "May 4th" movement, revolutionary pioneers such as Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Deng Zhongxia and others engaged in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary activities here. The graves of martyr Gao Junyu, an early communist in Beijing, and his girlfriend and writer Shi Pingmei are still located among the green pines and cypresses on the island in the middle of the lake. Their tombstones are like two swords, pointing to the sky. . In the early years, in this wilderness, there was the tomb of Sai Jinhua, a famous prostitute in the late Qing Dynasty. Not far from it, there was the tomb of Zui Guo. Drunk Guo Mingrui, dissatisfied with the dark corruption of the Qing Dynasty and the Beiyang warlord era, pretended to be crazy, cursed the authorities, sang and cried in the city, and had a certain influence in the capital. In addition, there are parrot tombs and incense tombs... In 1924, the writer Yu Pingbo wrote the article "Snow in Taoranting", recalling in detail what he saw, heard and felt when he visited Taoranting on a snowy day with his friends. They were "looking here and there among the fields covered with white coir raincoats," and "didn't see any pavilions," and "only a few clumsy old houses," which were "dark and dull." It can be seen that Taoranting was in dilapidated condition at that time.
After the founding of New China, a lot of waste was waiting to be done. While reorganizing social order and restoring economic development, the people's government does not forget to improve the living environment and people's living standards. In 1952, Taoranting was turned into a park. The silt was removed, the cemetery was removed, flowers and trees were planted, and pavilions were built, which gave the original dilapidated appearance a new look and provided a place for leisure and entertainment for nearby residents. In 1954, Premier Zhou Enlai and Mr. Liang Sicheng visited the site in person and moved the Yunhui Pavilion and Qingyin Pavilion, the original palace buildings of the Qianlong era in Zhongnanhai, to this place. They lived next to and across the water from the Taoran Pavilion in Mercy Nunnery, creating a beautiful scenery. .
In the 1950s, Beijing Opera School, Beijing Dance School, and Chinese Opera School successively established schools near Taoranting Park. The young men and girls from these art schools, like dragons and tigers, like flowers and jade, often shout and practice in the park. The beautiful melodies and dances echo among the lakes and mountains, adding a lot of vitality to the quiet garden. and vitality. Bai Shuxiang, Chen Ailian, Liu Changyu, Li Weikang, Zhang Xuejin, Li Chongshan...these first-generation artists trained in New China will probably never forget the flower season they walked by Taoranting. In the 1960s and 1970s, there was an open-air cinema on the slopes beside the West Lake. On summer evenings, bathing in the cool breeze, you could watch your favorite movie for a few cents. "Heroic Sons and Daughters", "Young Luban", "The Icing on the Cake", "Sino-Japanese War", "Early Spring in February"... films with different themes and styles make people's hearts beat up and their blood boil, so that they don't want to leave for a long time. This empty land. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, water concerts were held on the lake pavilion from time to time, and some famous singers and orchestras took turns to perform here. Nowadays, the above-mentioned art schools have been upgraded to colleges, and the state has invested in the construction of beautiful new school buildings in new locations. A spectacular cinema was built where outdoor movies were originally shown. Due to the sparse audience, it has been converted into an entertainment city. The water concert, like the yellow crane, is gone forever.
In order to highlight the characteristics of the pavilion culture, Taoranting Park began to build the Chinese Pavilion Garden in 1985, covering an area of ??ten hectares in the southwest corner of the park.
This garden within a garden, designed by the Beijing Garden Design Institute, is based on the purpose of "seeking the authenticity of a famous pavilion, describing the spirit of the environment, focusing on the meaning of Tao Ran, and the beauty lies in the gathering of humanities". It selects and imitates from all over the country. More than ten famous pavilions were built, such as the Duxing Pavilion in Miluo, Hunan to commemorate the poet Qu Yuan, the Orchid Pavilion and the Echi Pavilion in Shaoxing, Zhejiang to commemorate the "Sage of Calligraphy" Wang Xizhi, and the Shaoling Thatched Cottage Monument in Chengdu, Sichuan to commemorate the "Sage of Poetry" Du Fu. Pavilions include the Erquan Pavilion in Wuxi, Jiangsu in memory of the "Tea God" Lu Yu, the Moon-soaked Pavilion in Jiujiang, Jiangxi in memory of the poet Bai Juyi, the Drunkard Pavilion in Chuzhou, Anhui in memory of the writer Ouyang Xiu, the Baipo Pavilion in Meishan, Sichuan in memory of the literary giant Su Shi, and the Baipo Pavilion in Suzhou, Jiangsu in memory of the poet Su Shunqin. The Canglang Pavilion, and the Pavilion designed by the Landscape Design Institute to commemorate the "immortal of poetry" Li Bai, etc., are exquisite buildings of different shapes, some are leaning on the cliff, some are next to the flowing water, some are next to the lush forest, some are leaning against The bamboos are arranged in a winding and well-proportioned pattern, each with its own unique color and reflecting each other, adding infinite scenery to the entire garden. Plaques and couplets inscribed by famous calligraphers of ancient and modern times, as well as classic works such as "Pipa Xing", "Red Cliff Ode", and "The Drunkard's Pavilion" are engraved on the banks of the corresponding pavilions, telling visitors allusions to cultural relics and good stories. Greatly improve the aesthetic connotation and cultural taste. In addition to the original Ruixiang Pavilion, Wangrui Pavilion, Jinqiu Pavilion, Nanping Wanwang Pavilion, Lancui Pavilion, Wind and Rain Tongzhou Pavilion and other famous and unknown pavilions of different sizes, there are about dozens of them. Wonderful flowers are blooming everywhere, like pearls, scattered all over the garden. This precious land can be called a museum and grand view garden displaying the pavilion culture. Wandering in the famous Chinese pavilions and gardens, I suddenly had a strange thought: these sages and poets of the past dynasties are now living next to each other across time and space. When "the chrysanthemum and yellow wine are ripe", they gather together, sing together, and recite poems over the wine. Raising a glass to the moon, what a magnificent scene, what a romantic feeling, what a fascinating state!
In recent years, with the increase in the elderly population, Taoranting Park has seen a wave of silver hair. A large number of retired elderly people are hovering here, each looking for his own entertainment and his own place. You see, the chess fans gathered around the stone table, and the Chu River and Han Dynasties were fighting fiercely; the theater fans gathered under the willow shade, the gongs and drums were sonorous, the silk and bamboo were melodious, and Peking Opera and Ping Opera were singing happily; on the island in the middle of the lake, Grandpa The grandmothers imitated their young partners and danced gracefully, as if they had lost decades of age; beside the rose garden, groups and teams of singing lovers sang loudly to the tunes of "Meeting in Obo" and "Cranberry Blossoms" The melody of the song relives the lost youth; and in the quiet fishing area, fishermen are calm and relaxed, waiting for the fish to take the bait; the young man who loves martial arts even shows off his vigorous skills in the square,... …Nowadays, this urban garden has truly become a leisure place suitable for all ages and a sea of ??joy for ordinary people. Since the 1960s, I have worked and lived next to Taoranting for decades, and I have formed an indissoluble bond with it. After retirement, my wife and I would take a walk here every day to keep fit and relax our mood. We are full of nostalgia and gratitude for it. I collect historical memories about it and enjoy the happy time it brings me. I am pleased with its development and changes, and I deeply wish it a bright future. (Chen Peizhong)
Taoran Pavilion Joint Appreciation
The green trees in front of the window divide the Zen couch;
The green hills outside the city reach the wine glass.
The reflection of thousands of lotuses reflects the green of the moon;
A rain washes the bones of autumn mountains green.
Double Phoenix Tower in Yunli Imperial City;
Thousands of homes are covered with spring trees in the rain.
See all the sun with high joy;
Smell the fragrance of lilies when I sit down.
Break the lovesickness and goose wine;
Add the news and swallow money.
Happy to get the mulberry wine from my hometown;
Taoran is drunk in the chrysanthemum cup.
Come back with a drink, and ask about the past generations of blue clouds and loess;
Nick up the flowers and smile, and see that the city is full of wind and rain, and the city is full of rivers and lakes today.
Celebrities from ten dynasties grew up in leisure;
A corner of the western mountains hates the green. (Zhixin title)
The mountains are often facing each other on all sides;
All the immortals chant their colorful clothes on the same day. (Title by Zhao Zengwang)
The bead curtain rolls in the rain on the western mountain at dusk;
Looking back at the garden flowers from the pavilion road. (Title of Wang Yimin's Collection of Sentences)
A small car passing through Di is suspected of being a raft;
The high pavilion in the mountain forest is used as a mountain climber. (Title by Cao Xuemin)
With a wise eye, half an acre of red lotus and green marsh blooms;
Outside of the fireworks, I sit under the white moon and the cool breeze. (The first title of Shen Dynasty)
The guests are drunk and in a state of intoxication, and the cool breeze blows from all sides to wake them up;
Life is full of fun, and you will be free for a few hundred days. (Inscribed by Cai Jinquan)
The cool air embraces the city, and the Xiangshan Mountain is suitable for leaning on the Wat;
The green shade brings tranquility during the day, and I lean on the railing to find a few idle people. (Title of Lu Chanpu)
The cool air blows against the mountains, and the cool breeze carries thousands of reeds to the ancient temple;
High up in the Huaishui area, a bright moon shines on the river pavilion.
(Inscribed by Zhang Zhaojue)
The ground is covered with long poles, and a single pavilion is secluded. Hakkas go hand in hand across the river;
Asking the sky with wine, intoxicated, Xishan Autumn