Yuan Haowen (1190~1257), courtesy name Yuzhi and nicknamed Yishan, was a native of Xiurong, Taiyuan (now Xin County, Shanxi Province). He was a famous poet and historian in the Jin Dynasty.
Three Poems from Qiyang (Part 2)
The grass in the river at Baierguan is not horizontal, and the army of Qin has been hiding in the capital for ten years?
Looking to the west of Qiyang, there is no letter, and the Long River flows to the east and hearing cries?
The wild vines are lingering in the fighting bones, why does the setting sun shine on the empty city!
I asked Cang Cang who he should be, and he was vying to send Chi You as the five soldiers.
The first two sentences describe the war in which the Mongolian rulers invaded Shaanxi for more than ten years. Baier Guanhe refers to Shaanxi; Baier is twice the number of one hundred. One theory is that two are against one hundred. The allusion comes from "Historical Records: The Benji of Emperor Gaozu": "Qin is a country with a victorious appearance, with dangerous rivers and mountains, and counties (hanging) Thousands of miles apart, holding a million halberds, Qin can gain a hundred and two Yan. "Guanhe refers to Tongguan, Dashanguan, Yellow River, Weihe, etc. in Shaanxi." "Hengcao" originally refers to where the military marches, the weeds are trampled and fell horizontally. The phrase comes from "Hanshu·Zhongjunzhuan". Here it refers to weeds. "The grass is not horizontal" means that there is no green grass in the field. Qinjing, Chang'an, the capital of Shaanxi, was the capital of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties. It generally refers to the entire province of Shaanxi and its adjacent places. The ten years of military service can be counted from the first year of Yuanguang of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty, that is, the seventeenth year of Genghis Khan of Mongolia (1222). In this year, Mongolia attacked Jinhedong (belonging to Shanxi, close to Shaanxi, and part of the territory under its jurisdiction belongs to Shaanxi), Shaanxi, and Shaanxi in the following year. , Mongolia failed to attack Jin Fengxiang. In the fourth year of the Zhengda reign of Emperor Aizong of the Jin Dynasty, which was the 22nd year of Genghis Khan (1227), Mongolia defeated the Jintao River and Xining. In December, Mongolian soldiers entered Jingzhao (i.e. Chang'an), and Jin withdrew his troops to protect Tongguan. In the sixth year of Zhengda (1229), the first year of Mongol Wokuotai Khan, in June, Mongolia proposed a southern expedition. In October, Mongolian soldiers entered the Jinqingyang boundary. Jin's request for Master Xu was rejected. In April of the eighth year of Zhengda, Mongolia broke through the golden phoenix, and in September, Mongolia broke into the golden river. In February of the first year of Kaixing, the fourth year of the Mongolian Wokuotai Khan, Jintong Pass fell to Mongolia. These two sentences include many battles. The poem uses the word "dark" to focus on exaggerating the gloomy scene of the battlefield without daylight. In three or four sentences, "Qiyang looks to the west" is an inversion, that is, looking to the west of Qiyang. The author is in Bianjing, and Qin is in the west, so it is said "looking to the west." "No letter" means that in February of the first year of Kaixing, Jintongguan fell behind enemy lines, and the information between Shaanxi and Bianjing was cut off. The term "Longshui" includes the battles of Taohe, Xining and Qingyang. "Hearing the cry" is written like hearing the sound. This is enough to stick to the actual description of Qin. The fifth and sixth sentences unfold the scene of the battlefield. The wild vines are lingering around the bones of war. It is extremely heartless, but it is said to be "sentimental". It is true to say the opposite. It describes that there is no life in the battlefield, and the wild vines have to be bound to the bones of war. It seems to be "affectionate". This is a way of personifying wild vines. The setting sun is also emotionless and can be found anywhere. It can be seen, but now it is an empty city, and the setting sun is unintentional. Moreover, none of the fallen cities has been slaughtered by the invaders. Even if the setting sun wants to avoid it, it is impossible not to shine. In this way, the crime of killing the invaders is more profoundly exposed, and the author's grief and indignation contained in the tearful poems can also arouse the readers' screams. The whole poem also shows the high degree of unity of artistry and ideology here. Finally, the author blamed Chi You for everything in his appeal to heaven. The battle for dispatch means how to dispatch, five soldiers, spears, halberds, bows, swords, and spears. Chi You was the ruler of the "Jiuli" in myths and legends. There is a saying that Chi You received gold and used it to attack the Yellow Emperor. The author here refers to the first culprit of human war. This question was asked helplessly, and the implication was to eliminate the war. However, in the era of Yuan Haowen, the author could not give a correct answer.