Du Mu
Chang 'an looked back and embroidered.
There are thousands of doors open on the top of the mountain.
As soon as I ride the world of mortals and laugh,
No one knows it's litchi.
This epic was written by Du Mulu when he arrived in Chang 'an via Huaqing Palace, feeling that Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei were extravagant and misunderstood their own country. Huaqing Palace was once a playground for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. According to "Biography of Yang Guifei in the New Tang Dynasty", "My concubine loves lychee, and she must be born, so she rode it for thousands of miles, and her taste has not changed, and she has arrived in the capital". As a result, many policemen were exhausted and the post horse fell dead on the way from Sichuan to Chang 'an. The quatrains crossing the Qing Palace intercepted this historical fact, attacked the arrogance, extravagance and ignorance of feudal rulers, satirized the present with history and warned the monarch.
"Chang 'an Looking Back at Embroidered Piles" describes the scenery the poet saw when he looked back at Huaqing Palace in Chang 'an. The word "looking back" is not only a true writing, but also a link between the past and the future. The poet overlooks Mount Li in the capital, where there are lush trees and flowers, and countless layered and magnificent buildings are hidden among them, just like a pile of splendid scenery. Suddenly, a sense of responsibility for reviewing and reflecting on history arises spontaneously, and a sense of history arises spontaneously. It is the following three sentences, "A thousand doors open at the top of the mountain", which is a link between the preceding and the following and is a review of history. The opening of Mount Li's "Thousands of Gates on the Peak" describes the luxury of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei's life in those years, and sets a question for readers: Why should the "Thousands of Gates on the Peak" be opened? The last two sentences, "The world of mortals laughs when riding a princess, and no one knows it is litchi", are the answers. It turns out that this is all caused by Yang Guifei. When she saw "riding the world of mortals" galloping past, she knew that the litchi that gave her appetite had arrived, so she "laughed" happily.
Others thought it was urgent, but who thought there would be fresh litchi in Fuzhou immediately! The conclusion of the poem is not only the crowning touch of the whole poem, but also the bane of "An Shi Rebellion".
The purpose of reciting the anecdote of Tianbao is to warn the later monarchs not to delay the state affairs because of their pursuit of pleasure. However, the poet did not write about the tragic situation of An Shi, Xuanzong's hasty escape, Ma Youpo's performance, nor did he list Xuanzong's amusement, extravagance and luxury life. Instead, it suddenly showed such a "small thing" as sending litchi thousands of miles away to win the imperial concubine's smile and find historical problems in the details. "Riding a princess and laughing in the world of mortals" makes a wonderful contrast between a poor official who is galloping on horseback and a smiling princess, and expresses such a serious historical theme with a word "smile", which is highly generalized and typical.
red wall
Du Mu
The iron is not for sale,
Learn from the past.
East wind is not convenient for Zhou Lang,
Bronze sparrow lock Er Qiao Spring.
Du Mu had been to Chibiji, Huangzhou, during his tenure as the secretariat of Huangzhou in the second year of Huichang (842). Standing on the bank of the great river, looking at Chibi from afar, thinking about history, recalling that the Wu-Shu allied forces defeated Cao Bing in Chibi, Ezhou, during the Three Kingdoms period, thus commemorating the "Battle of Red Cliffs" where the three countries stood in the balance. Looking back, I was so excited that I wrote this famous epic.
In the first and second sentences, the writer was in the sand by the river, and the poet put a halberd at the end of the poem, which triggered the historical discussion of the latter two sentences and had a sense of historical depth.
Three or four sentences mean that Zhou Yu's victory was caused by chance, not by temporary luck to bring long-term stability to the country. If it weren't for the sudden attack of the east wind and the help of the Shu army, Zhou Yu's fire attack plan would show great strength, and then the Wu Dong regime would be destroyed by Cao Cao. These two poems are quite historical and original. The poet's banter about Zhou Yu implies an affirmation of Cao Cao.
Poets are interested in things and eulogize history, pointing out that Battle of Red Cliffs is related to the survival of the country and the safety of society; At the same time, it implies that you are ambitious and will not be reused. See the big from the small.
A berth on the Qinhuai River
Du Mu
Keywords smoke cage, cold water, moon cage sand,
Stop near Qinhuai restaurant at night.
Women in business don't understand the hatred of national subjugation,
Singing backyard flowers on the other side of the river.
The first sentence, "smoke cage, cold water, moon cage and sand", depicts the night view of Qinhuai River, which is misty and sandy by the moon. The word "cage" describes the cold and miserable scenery on the river on a moonlit night. "Smoke" is a red light, "cold water" is a flood, which reveals desolation in prosperity and sets off a gloomy atmosphere.
"Night Parking Near Qinhuai Restaurant" points out the time, place and character environment of berthing. "Night" is the inheritance and clarification of the first sentence, and the word "near" paves the way for listening to the specific content of "Shang Nv" singing below. Restaurant symbolizes the prosperity of Qinhuai River, which is in sharp contrast with the poet's sad mood of sleeping alone at night.
"Strong women in business do not know the hate of national subjugation, but still sing backyard flowers across the river." At night in Qinhuai, the poet heard the voice of national subjugation "yushu backyard flower" coming from the other side of the river. On the surface, the poet seems to be reprimanding the ignorance of "business women", but the poet's goal is the power of those who are worried about world security but lead a drunken life. In the late Tang Dynasty, two and a half centuries after the collapse of the Chen Dynasty, some people drugged themselves with the sound of national subjugation, which made people feel that historical tragedies would repeat themselves. "I don't know" is actually an excuse for "business women". The singer has no intention, but the listener has intention. The word "still singing" traces back to history, indicating that the prodigal son who has been immersed in burmese debauchery has existed since ancient times; According to the reality, it reveals that today's dignitaries, like Chen Houzhu, will also perish; It is unthinkable that you will make the same mistake if you don't change your tune. Expressed the poet's warning This poem is ingenious in conception, blending scenes, appropriate in allusions, implicit in meaning and concise in language. Shen Deqian, a poetry critic, praised this poem as a "swan song", and it really deserved its reputation.
Chusek
Du Mu
Silver candle Qiu Guang cold painting screen,
A small fan flies to the firefly.
Day and night are as cool as water,
Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.
"Autumn Night" is a quatrain describing the grievances of ladies in the autumn night. Through the bored psychology and actions of the ladies in the deep courtyard of the palace in the early autumn night, women's sincere pursuit and yearning for love and happiness are shown.
The whole poem, like a beautiful and elegant picture of a lady, is presented to the readers. It is a prominent feature of this poem in writing skills to express the complex inner world of the characters implicitly and profoundly with images and actions. "Qiu Guang painted a cold screen with a silver candle and waved a small fan at the firefly": As night fell, the maid-in-waiting who was not favored by the emperor sat alone in the cold palace, and the dim candlelight shone on the painted screen, and she felt as if there was an infinite chill coming frequently. At this time, only the faint and confusing light of fireflies brought a little life to the cold autumn night. Unwilling maids waved a round fan to catch fireflies to pass the long and boring night. A word "cold" describes the lonely scene in the palace; The word "jump" reproduces the scene of a maid-in-waiting suddenly crawling and jumping when catching fireflies.
"The day and night are as cool as water, sitting and watching the morning glory and Vega". After catching fireflies, the lonely maid-in-waiting sat alone on the day order, staring at the morning glory and Vega on both sides of the Tianhe River, dreaming of the happy love story in myths and legends, and thinking of living in a deep palace without love and the right to love, she felt sad and sad, and the more "the night was as cold as water". "Sit and Watch" describes that ladies-in-waiting are all sleepy and can't sleep, and the more they show the deep sorrow of sleepless nights.
The poet didn't write the sighs, sorrows and tears of the maids, and didn't say anything about their resentment against their boring and lonely lives. But through a careful portrayal of her frivolous behavior, people feel the pain and desire hidden in the hearts of ladies, and that sympathy arises spontaneously in subtle twists and turns.
Jiang Nanchun's quatrains
Du Mu
Thousands of warblers sing green and reflect red,
Flag wind of Shuicunshan fruit wine.
480 temples in the Southern Dynasties,
How many towers of smoke and rain
"Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town is full of wine flags." First, write about spring in the south of the Yangtze River. The warbler sounds euphemistically, the Yan language is melodious, the red flowers and green leaves complement each other, the river swings, the mountains are beautiful, and the water town is full of wine flags flying. This vibrant natural beauty is refreshing and beautiful. In this "thousands of miles" picture, there are not only spring scenery such as spring warbler, spring flowers, spring grass, spring water, spring mountain and spring breeze, but also sound, color, movement and stillness, and auditory and visual scenery are juxtaposed. The use of four pairs of nouns such as "water village", "mountain fruit", "wine flag" and "wind" shows that man and nature are integrated, and people are in the landscape, and the landscape is full of vitality because of people. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the Southern Dynasties, many terraces in the misty rain" is not only a point-like painting scene, but also a satirical comment on state affairs. In the drizzly and smoky south of the Yangtze River, resplendent Buddhist temples stand tall, and the ancient bells in the temple emit bursts of thunder, adding magical colors to the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. The word "Southern Dynasties" refers to that period of history. Through the misty rain of history, people think that the rulers of the Southern Dynasties respected Buddhism and Buddhist temples, which killed their own lives, but Buddhist temples could not save the regime of the Southern Dynasties. On the contrary, absurd superstitious activities accelerated the pace of their collapse. Nowadays, the remaining Buddhist temples in the Southern Dynasties have become the witness of the decline history, dotted with spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River under the erosion of wind and rain for people to mourn and visit.
In just four sentences, the poetic meaning of Jiang Nanchun's quatrains is clear, and a few words simply and clearly show a magnificent picture of beautiful spring scenery. This kind of artistic expression, combining point with surface and combining point with surface, vividly depicts a picture of spring scenery.
The last two sentences of the poem are picturesque, and the scenery contains feelings. Although the poet briefly touched the "Southern Dynasties" and Buddhist temples, there was no arrogant condemnation. The poem only touches on the origin of the temples in the misty rain when the Southern Dynasties fell, which makes people want to look at the construction history of these Buddhist temples vertically, and reminds people of the fact that Buddhist beliefs in the Tang Dynasty led to decline, and ironic words are subtly highlighted.