Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's drinking poems and books
Pictures of Tao Yuanming's drinking poems and cursive calligraphy 1
Tao Yuanming's drinking poems and calligraphy pictures 2
Tao Yuanming's drinking poems and calligraphy pictures 3
Tao Yuanming's drinking poems and calligraphy pictures 4
Original drinking poems
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
Appreciation of drinking poems
Roughly before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, with Confucianism as the core, China people always thought that both man and nature were a state of will? God? Under the control of ... This kind of authority, which lies outside and is higher than people's individual life, did not begin to be strongly doubted in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Thus ushered in the era of personality awakening; In literary creation, there is a corresponding so-called? The theme of people? The rise of. But the awakening of personality is not only the end of the old dilemma and absurdity, but also the discovery and beginning of the new dilemma and absurdity. The first and most important thing is the opposition between the limited individual life and the eternal universe. The poet kept sighing sadly: Life between heaven and earth suddenly looks like a passer-by? (nineteen ancient poems); ? Self-care is not a stone. Are you sad? (Cao Zhi's "Giving a White Horse to Wang Biao"); ? If life is dust, how long is heaven? (Ruan Ji's Love Poetry). What people feel in nature is the oppression of infinite existence on limited life.
However, even if difficulties and paradoxes are destined to accompany the whole process of human beings (this is an existential concept), people still have to find different ways of liberation at different stages. Even if it is conceptual or poetic, people should find a perfect life form. So at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, under the background of metaphysics, Tao Yuanming's poems began to present a new outlook on life and nature. This is against the opposite attitude towards the relationship between man and nature, but instead emphasizes the unity of man and nature and pursues the harmony between man and nature. This is the most full and beautiful song in his fifth song "Drinking". With its simple language, exquisite structure, lofty artistic conception and profound philosophy, this poem has almost become the most familiar one in the history of China's poetry.
The purpose of the poem is to return to nature. The first step to return to nature is to deny secular values. From ancient times to the present, power, status, wealth and honor are generally the basic objects that people pursue, which is also a socially recognized measure of value. Although Zhuangzi said for a long time, but all this is? Ice? , that is, the opposite of the spiritual subject (in modern vocabulary, that is? Alienation? ), but for most people, they can't get rid of it after all. Tao Yuanming seems different. He just retired from the officialdom, and he knew that in order to get all this, people had to cut corners, put on airs and shamelessly lose all their dignity. He swore to keep these? Ice? Things, back to people? Really? Sexually.
So there are the first four sentences of this poem. At the beginning, I said that although my residence was built in an environment where people came and went, I couldn't hear the noise of cars and horses. ? Cars and horses? , means the interaction between the upper class, the so-called? Does the crown belt come with it? . Because Tao Yuanming likes to complain about the poor, people often forget the aristocratic family? Poor? And civilians? Poor? It's not the same thing at all, so the meaning of these two poems is ignored. In fact, Taoists are descendants of Tao Kan, the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and are the most powerful clan in Xunyang. Therefore, although Tao Yuanming's branch has declined, it is unusual to be cold and lonely. Then there is a question: how can you do this? Then you have the answer, which naturally comes down to the core of the first four sentences? The heart is far from self-centered? . ? Is it far? It is the most commonly used concept in metaphysics, which refers to a state of mind that transcends secular interests, takes it lightly and stays at home. Here? Is it far? Even if we adopt an isolated and indifferent attitude towards the world of fame and fortune, we will naturally alienate the cars and horses rushing in the secular world, and the place where we live will become secluded. Further,? Cars and horses? It is not only a real thing, but also a symbol. It represents the whole bureaucratic society's struggle for power and profit, fame and fortune.
These four sentences are as easy to understand as spoken English, but they are actually very closely structured. The first sentence is plain, the second sentence is a turning point, the third sentence is a question, and the fourth sentence is an answer. Gao Ming has no hard artificial trace in this structure, and the reader's thoughts are unconsciously guided to the fourth sentence by the author. No wonder even Wang Anshi, whose words are sharp, is filled with emotion: since there was a poet, there have been no such four sentences!
Rejecting the socially recognized value scale and exploring where the author establishes the basic point of life involves Tao Yuanming's philosophical thought. This philosophy can be called? Natural philosophy? It not only includes self-cultivation, self-sufficiency and thrifty lifestyle, but also deepens the unity and harmony between human life and nature. In Tao Yuanming's view, man not only exists in society and the relationship between people, but more importantly, every individual life, as an independent spiritual subject, directly faces the whole nature and universe. Originally speaking, human life is a part of nature, isn't it? Dahua? The manifestation of change is that people are divorced from nature, engaged in the struggle for power and fame without real value, and even lost their authenticity, which makes life full of anxiety and contradictions. Therefore, the perfect life form can only be leisurely if it returns to nature. If these principles are written directly, poetry will become a paper. So the author just puts philosophy in the image. The poet (entitled "Drinking", of course, is a tipsy and high-spirited poet) picks chrysanthemums at will in his garden, and occasionally looks up to see Nanshan (Lushan Mountain, south of Tao Mansion). ? See Nanshan leisurely? According to the ancient laws of China, it can be interpreted as? See Nanshan leisurely? , can also be interpreted as? See leisurely Nanshan? . So this? Leisure? It belongs not only to people, but also to mountains. People are leisurely and comfortable, and the mountains are quiet and lofty. At that moment, it seemed as if there was a melody emanating from people's hearts and between mountains, with the same meaning, and melted into a light music.
Another version? See Nanshan? what's up Goodbye? Writing? Hope? . Su Dongpo's criticism of Tao Yuanming: What if it is? Hope? Words, this poem becomes dull. Mr. Dongpo is very clever and knows the beauty of drinking. What he said is right. Can't you do it here? Hope? Because? Hope? Is it conscious gaze, lack? Leisure? The feeling of taste. It can be further said that in Tao Yuanming's philosophy, nature is self-sufficient and has no external demand, so it can be full and free; Life is flawed because people have external pursuits. External pursuit will inevitably bring surprises and worries, and fundamentally destroy the harmony of life. So, in this image of heaven and man, there can only be no intention? Goodbye? , and can't use fixed vision? Hope? . What you see in Nanshan is: the haze of sunset, as if nothing had happened, floating around the summit; Flocks of birds flew together and returned to the mountains. All this is of course beautiful. But this is not a simple description of the scenery. In Tao Yuanming's poems, readers can often see similar sentences:? Clouds come out of the hole unintentionally, and birds are tired of flying. (homecoming); ? Flowers and trees flourish, the wind is clear and the gas is positive? ("Persuade Agriculture") and so on, too numerous to mention. These are natural movements, because there is no will and no external requirements, so they are calm, full and perfect. Since man is a part of nature, he should also have the nature of nature and complete his individual life in the whole natural movement. This is the harmonious unity of man and nature.
The last two sentences are the summary of the whole poem: here you can feel the true meaning of life, but you just want to say it, but you can't find the right language. Practical meaning means that this real meaning is a vivid feeling of life, and logical language is not enough to reflect its exquisiteness and completeness. The flavor of the Zen family in later generations has already appeared here.
These two sentences are very important in the structure of this poem. It implies the deep meaning of the poetic image, and at the same time leads the reader's thoughts back to the image to realize and chew.
This poem, especially in the poem? Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan? In two words, it has been rated as? Quiet? 、? Is it far? , get a high reputation. However, it is biased to simply summarize all of Tao Yuanming's creations in this aesthetic realm. Because in fact, there are many emotions expressing anxiety and even anger in Tao Yuanming's poems, which are stronger than almost all poets of his time. But also because of anxiety, he sought silence. As said at the beginning, this is an ideal and poetic perfect life form found in new dilemmas and paradoxes. Perhaps, at a certain moment, people can actually appreciate the beauty it conveys, enter a state of pure peace and forget all the troubles in life, but this can never be the whole life of anyone (including Tao Yuanming).