Poetry is a vast ocean. According to the content and forms of expression, poetry can be divided into narrative poetry, lyric poetry and some philosophical poems. Narrative poems generally focus on people and things in life, such as Du Fu's Shihaoguan and the Northern Dynasty folk song Mulan Poetry. Lyrics generally do not have complete characters and story lines, but directly express thoughts and feelings to form artistic images and reflect social life, and the length is generally short, such as Li Bai's Song of Autumn Pu. Poetry can be divided into classical poetry, modern poetry (including metrical poetry and quatrains), ci, qu and new poetry after the emergence of vernacular Chinese. For example, Wang Wei's Hunting Watch and Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang all belong to regular poems (modern poems); Du Fu's "Li Shihao" has a wide meter and belongs to ancient poetry. Guo Moruo's Market in the Sky, Ai Qing's Trees, Liu Zhanqiu's The Land of China, etc. In the long historical process, poetry has evolved into many different forms. From the literary point of view, poetry, ci and qu are all poems. On the other hand, some poems are written by writers. And "Chile Song" and "Mulan Poetry" are all folk songs, which are collectively created. (B) the characteristics of poetry
Harmonious rhythm, refined language, vivid images and strong feelings are the four characteristics of poetry. When reading poetry, we should pay special attention to the characteristics of poetry, such as simplicity, elegance, musicality and variability. At the same time, through the analysis and understanding of the essential language of poetry, we should grasp the vivid, unique and touching images described in poetry, and then understand the author's strong thoughts and feelings reflecting social life. For example, The Market in the Sky is a mature new poem with harmonious rhythm and fresh and natural language. Described the "shallow Tianhe" in my imagination. The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl lived a happy life, expressing the poet's sympathy for the people's suffering and yearning for a free and happy life. This strong emotion is expressed through vivid images in poetry. The text Beyond the Mountain is divided into two sections. The first section is Childhood and the second section is Today. When I was a child, I had a heart that I didn't want to live in a secluded mountain area, but my understanding was naive. When he grew up, he realized that the poet expressed his belief in life with the images of mountains and seas. As long as we understand the symbolic meaning of "sea" and "mountain" and understand that "sea" is "a brand-new world" and an ideal world, and countless mountains are the road to the ideal, we can grasp the meaning of the whole poem. Associating with any kind of ideal and struggle, it will be more intimate to read. This is often the case. You can't reach your destination by climbing mountains. You have to climb countless mountains to reach your ideal state. The process of the poet's sexy experience is also the process of deepening his understanding. When you feel depressed when you realize your ideal, you will feel confident when you think of this poem, and you will continue to struggle and move on.
We are wandering in the boundless ocean of poetry, feeling the emotion of poetry and savoring the fun of reading poetry, which makes me very happy. From this, I have a new understanding of poetry, a culture that has gone through 200 years, and I also have a feeling of love.
I love poetry! Poetry has given me many life inspirations worth pondering: "Don't wait, the teenager's head turns blank, feeling sad", "Don't do small good, don't do small evil", "Read the book a hundred times, see its meaning", "Thinking without learning is dangerous, learning without thinking is useless"? Let me know how to be a man and how to be a good person; How to study and get good grades; How to cherish time and how to be a pillar. Poetry gives me infinite truth. How can I not love?
I love poetry! Poetry makes me see the beautiful four seasons in the realm of poetry: "I don't know who cut the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors", "The lotus leaves are infinitely blue the next day, and the lotus flowers are of different colors", "Stop and sit in love with the maple trees late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers" and "I know far away that it is not snow, but only a faint fragrance"? It makes me feel that in the writings of ancient poets, the four seasons can have such beautiful scenery, and I seem to be there. Poetry has given me infinite beauty. How can I not love? I love poetry! Poems let me appreciate the poet's thoughts and feelings: "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, but not as good as Wang Lun", "Being in a foreign land, I miss my family more on holidays", "Don't talk about my fear in a hurry, pedestrians will be surprised" and "Advise you to drink more and go out to Yangguan for no reason"? An inseparable emotion of missing my hometown and relatives came into being. Poetry gives me endless aftertaste. How can I not love? There are countless treasures in the ocean of poetry, which has made me travel for a long time in this history of more than two thousand years? I like poetry. She gave me not only the beauty, agility, elegance and intoxication of poetry. What she gave was a belief, a comfort, a spiritual support and an unspeakable release. I like poetry. No one can deprive me of this right, because with her, my life is full of joy, and I am no longer lonely and helpless. Because of her, I saw my own way and how I should spend my future; Because of her, I found the answer to life and the meaning of living. I love poetry because she has become more confident. I don't care much about what the world thinks of me. I am my own master, and I have my own ideas and thoughts. I don't live for others, so I don't need to give any meaningless answers to their judgments, their actions, their slander and slander, their ridicule and abuse, their life and death, their bitterness and joy, their sadness and joy? It's none of my business. I only love my poems.
I like poetry. I hope someone, like me, is carefree and carefree in the world of poetry. When the world can't find its own world, and when we hate the misfortune and pain brought by this world, then let's open up a new world in the world of poetry and slowly pursue and pick up the happiness that has already been lost.
I like poetry. Like-minded people, let's read, listen, feel, think and write together. Everything is so beautiful and poetic.
China people always seem to have an element called poetry in their blood, otherwise, our blood vessels would not beat as rhythmically as poetry. At least in one era, poetry was used as a pillow window, as a boat, as a hot meal and herbal tea.
In other words, poetry permeates their whole lives; Poetry is their common expression. People can't live without it for a moment. When you are lonely, write poems to relieve boredom; When busy, sing poems to entertain; Friends get together and give poems; Relatives separated and became attached to poetry. Everyone writes poetry, always recites poetry, and there are poems everywhere. Man and poetry are inseparable and harmonious.
I have explored the hearts of ancient poets and singers and sincerely yearned for their pure and beautiful state of mind. Their joys and sorrows enter poetry, their sorrows and joys enter poetry, and their sorrows and joys enter poetry; They eat and drink into poetry, stop into poetry, and see and hear into poetry; They write flowers and birds as poems, landscapes as poems and the world as poems. Oh, do they have to use poetry as brocade and embroider the world on it?
They did it, and so did they. Only holding a Tang poem, when we read from childhood to white hair, from poverty to luxury, from pride to loss, from muddy wine to green tea, we have not completed another journey and experience of life, and we have the feeling of living again. I feel that the Tang Dynasty is my past life, and I am the present life of the Tang Dynasty.
Life is humble, life is inevitably mediocre, and things are trivial after all. Li He and Wang Bo didn't live to be 30 years old and died young. Li Bai and Du Fu have been wandering around empty-handed all their lives. Tao Qian and Tang Yin are ashamed of not being officials, and a bean grower can make a living.
A man sells paintings to satisfy his hunger. They came one by one and left one by one. But time has washed away the lowliness, mediocrity and triviality of life. In the web of poetry, they left greatness, loftiness and affection. Life is only a hundred years, but they live seriously, exquisitely and fully. They use poetry to express themselves and live for art. So they also have an artistic life and an artistic life. Reading poetry should start with the following points.
Pay attention to poetry. As the saying goes: "The topic is the eyes of the article." From the titles of poems, we can often make clear the categories of poems, and then grasp their expressive techniques and content characteristics. For example, poems describing scenery are lyrical, poems describing objects are expressive, poems describing history are ironic, poems describing farewell are sad, poems describing travel are wandering and sad, poems describing frontier fortress are either ambitious or homesick. Grasp the image. Image is the scenery and things in poetry. Because poets often use certain things to express their thoughts and feelings, these things are endowed with specific cultural connotations. For example, willow stands for farewell, grass stands for parting, the moon stands for homesickness, wild goose stands for homesickness and wandering, chrysanthemum stands for nobility, seclusion and loneliness, bamboo stands for integrity and modesty, fallen leaves stand for sadness and disappointment in autumn, catkins stand for melancholy and loneliness, and dead leaves stand for yearning, loneliness and sadness of parting. For example, Wang Wei's "Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains": "After the rain, the mountains are empty and stand in late autumn. There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? The first thing we feel is images: empty mountains, bright moons, clear springs, rocks, bamboo forests, lotus leaves and fishing boats? These natural images are captured by the poet and combined with his own subjective feelings, forming vivid images and integrating them into a complete picture. Write the poet's happy mood of actively hiding in the mountains. Enter the artistic conception. Artistic conception is the fusion of objective scenery or things in poetry and the poet's subjective feelings. In short, it is the blending of scenes. The relationship between emotion and scenery in ancient poetry is still the first scene before emotion, and touching the scene gives birth to emotion; Or, love precedes scenery, loves scenery, or loves the blending of scenery and scenery. In a word, use specific scenes to express specific feelings, or choose specific scenes according to specific situations. Therefore, in reading, we must reproduce the life picture depicted in the poem with the help of association and imagination, so that the sound, light, color and state depicted in the poem appear in our minds like movie pictures, and experience the poet's subjective feelings, and then enter the artistic conception created by the poet, which is either beautiful, lonely, tragic or vigorous, and grasp the ideological content of the poem. If you have read Cen Can's poem "Then he disappeared around the corner of the pass, leaving only his hoofprint", you will see a picture in front of you: the poet is standing in the snow, watching his friend affectionately, getting farther and farther. At the back of the mountain, the road turned, and his back disappeared in the vast expanse, but he couldn't see Jun, only a string of horseshoes printed in the snow extended from his eyes to the distance. The poet stared at this string of hoofprint for a long time, lost in thought. However, the hoofprint on the snow changed from clear to fuzzy and was swept away by the "north wind". But the "hoofprint" in the poet's mind has always been clear and extended. The artistic conception is long and intriguing.
Analytical language and skills. There are two ways to taste language: one is to refine vocabulary-verbs, adjectives, numerals and so on. Combined with the theme of the whole poem, it is carefully considered from the aspects of wording, sentence making and rhetorical devices to taste its mystery; The second is the language style-straightforward and implicit, concise and beautiful, depressed and uninhibited. Appreciation skills can be carried out from three angles: first, lyrical ways-expressing one's mind directly, expressing feelings by borrowing scenery, expressing feelings by raising things, remembering the past and hurting the present, etc. Second, rhetorical methods-metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, duality, intertextuality, synaesthesia, allusions, etc. The third is the technique of expression-metaphor, symbol, comparison, contrast, finishing touch, showing great plans, combining static and dynamic, coexistence of reality and reality, etc.
Poetry appreciation is generally carried out from the following aspects: First, to capture the profound artistic beauty of poetry. Artistic conception is called the highest realm of poetry creation. When appreciating poetry, we should be good at capturing the artistic conception of poetry with rich imagination and association (that is, the integration of the author's subjective feelings and the objective world), that is, turning the language of poetry into vivid and concrete pictures, and then arousing our emotions. In this way, "painting" and emotion are integrated into one, capturing the wonderful artistic conception of poetry. For example, Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden depicts a fresh, natural, quiet and beautiful picture of rural labor, which makes readers feel the poet's indifferent and quiet mind. For another example, Bai Juyi's "Pipa Trip" describes a passage played by a pipa girl, which is subtle and vivid, and the metaphor is novel and subtle, making the fleeting voice linger in the readers' ears. At the end of this paragraph, the listener's rude awakening is described by "the east ship is silent, the west ship is silent, and we see the white autumn moon entering the middle of the river", which highlights the wonderful performance of the pipa girl. The successful music description reflects the feelings of the pipa girl and the author, integrates the feelings into the scene, and deepens the infection to the readers.
Second, taste the implicit beauty of poetry. Mr. Qian Zhongshu once said: "Reason lies in poetry, such as salt in water and flowers in honey, which is invisible, traceless and tasteless." Poetry pays attention to twists and turns. We can't say everything we want to say, but express it with images, which gives people endless aftertaste. This is precisely its implied connotation and what we need to understand with our heart. For example, Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er Shi Anxi": "Is it raining on the Acropolis? Light dust, the green willow color of the guest house is new. I advise you to drink more wine. It makes no sense to go to Yangguan in the west. " This poem seems to be clear in every word, and there seems to be nothing difficult to understand, but if we appreciate it carefully, we will feel that it is a masterpiece of the ages, in which the feelings are strong and sincere, and the poetry is implicit and deep. The previous sentence is about the farewell environment, pointing out the place, time and scenery. What's the moral? We can think about it, in the face of such spring scenery, what kind of mood is it to say goodbye at the guest house? The spring rain wet the dust on the ground and the author's heart. "Hostel" and "willow tree" both represent the image of parting, not to mention the willow tree is so green, how can you bear to break it and give it away? The implication of this statement is that you don't want to say goodbye but don't want to do anything else. The second sentence, at first glance, is just a sentence to persuade friends to drink, but it also contains the author's infinite affection. Simple language is full of affection. Two people drink, raise a glass to drown their sorrows. "Out of the sunshine, there will be no friends to accompany you like today", in which giving up on friends is both comfort and sketching. Only by understanding the implication between the lines can we feel the artistic conception and charm of poetry.
Third, feel the beauty of poetry. Guo Moruo said: "What is the shape of rhythm for poetry? Poetry is not without rhythm. " Therefore, when appreciating a poem, you should be good at reciting it repeatedly, so that you can feel the beauty of its phonology. The rhythm of ancient poetry is very regular. Generally speaking, there are three sentences in each five-character poem. For example, Wang Wei's "Bird Singing Creek": "People are idle/osmanthus/falling, the night is quiet/spring mountain/empty." The seven-character rhyme is composed of four sentences each, such as Lu You's Wind and Rain on November 4th: "Night/Sleep/Wind/Rain, Iron Horse/Glacier/Dream/Come." New poems also pay attention to rhythm, such as Guo Moruo's Market in the Sky: "Distant/street lamps/clear, as if/flashing/countless/stars. The stars in the sky seem to be/lit/countless/street lamps. " Understanding the beauty of artistic conception, implication and phonology of poetry can make us better understand and appreciate poetry. China is a country of poetry. There have been many poets and many excellent works since ancient times. In ancient times, poetry not only nourished the national spirit and emotion, but also enriched the culture and language of the motherland; In modern times, poetry is a burning torch, which illuminates the dark night sky and creates literary glory. Poetry has become a dazzling pearl in the field of literature with its highly summarized content, concise and implicit language and sincere and mellow emotion. Bacon said, "Reading poetry can make people witty."
Let's wander in the ocean of poetry to cultivate sentiment, improve literary aesthetic taste, cultivate good cultural accomplishment and be a harmonious person.