Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: Zuo Qiuming
In winter, Jin Wengong passed away. Chen Geng will be buried in Quwo. When it is crimson, it sounds like a cow. The divination made the doctor worship, saying, "Some western teacher told you something important. If you hit it, it will be a great victory. "
Qi Zi said to Zheng Shi Qin, "The Zheng people told me to guard the north gate. If I sneak into the company, the country will get it." Mu Gong visited Zhu Shu. Uncle Jian said, "I have attacked far away, but I have never heard of it. The teacher was exhausted, so the master came prepared. Is everything all right? Zheng Bizhi knows what the teacher did. Diligence in doing nothing will go against your heart. Who doesn't know about Wan Li Road? " How to make public remarks? Then he called Xiqiao and Bai Yi out of the East Gate. Uncle Jian shouted, "Mencius! I saw the teacher come out, but I didn't see him come in. " The minister said, "I don't know! Zhongshou, the wooden arch of your tomb! "
Uncle Jian's son and teacher sent him with tears, saying, "The imperial teacher of Jin people must be in Geng, and there are two tombs." Its Nanling, Xiahougao cemetery; Its Beiling, the violent land of Wen Wang Jian, will die. What's left? Sui Dong in Qin Dynasty.
Uncle Jian cries teacher's translation.
In winter, Jin Wengong passed away. 1February 10 will be sent to Quwo for burial. Just out of Beijing, the coffin made the sound of Niu Jiao. The soothsayer Guo Yan asked the doctors to bow down to the coffin and said, "The monarch issued a military order and the western army crossed the border. If we attack it, we will surely win a great victory. "
Qi Zi, the doctor of the State of Qin, sent someone from the State of Zheng to report to the State of Qin, saying, "The people of the State of Zheng put me in charge of the key to the north gate of their capital. If they send troops quietly, they can occupy their capital. " Qin Mugong asked Uncle Jian, a veteran of Qin State. Uncle Jian said, "I have never heard of letting the army sneak into a distant country." The army is overworked, and the monarch in the distance is standing guard. I'm afraid that won't do, will it? Zheng will know every move of the army. The hard work and nothing of the army will certainly produce rebellious thoughts. Besides, who doesn't know how to March thousands of miles? "Qin Mugong didn't listen to uncle's advice. Then he called three generals, Meng, Meng, Meng and Meng, to lead the troops from outside the East Gate. Uncle Jian stopped them and said, "Meng Ming, I watched the troops start, but I couldn't see them coming back!" " Qin Mugong sent someone to see his uncle Jane: "What do you know? If your uncle dies in middle age, the tree on your grave will be as thick as your hands folded (how many years have you lived in middle age, and you are already groggy). "
Uncle Jian's son joined the army. He sent his son away with tears and said, "The people of Jin must fight our army on the mountain. There are two hills in the mountains. The hill in the south is the tomb of Xia, and the hill in the north is a shelter from the wind and rain. You are bound to die between these two mountains. I will go there to clean up your bones. " So Qin Jun went east.
Notes of Uncle Jian Crying Teacher
(1) Funeral: Stop mourning. Quwo: The old capital of Jin State, the seat of the ancestral temple of Jin State, is very famous in Shanxi today.
(2) Crimson: The capital of Jin is in the southeast of Yicheng, Shanxi.
(3) Ji (慵): A coffin with a body.
(4) Prophecy: The official in charge of divination in the State of Jin, surnamed Guo, was named Yan.
(5) Major event: refers to war. In ancient times, war and sacrifice were important events.
(6) Western Division: Western Army, referring to Qin Jun. Passing anecdote: crossing.
(7) Seven sons: Doctor Qin.
(8) palm: in charge. Tube, key.
(9) recently: sneaking around.
(10) country: the capital of the country.
(1 1) interview: ask for advice.
(12) Far master: refers to Jun Zheng.
(13) Diligence: Work hard. Nothing: nothing.
(14) Be √ heart: the heart of dissatisfaction, the heart of disgust.
(15): Dr. Qin, surnamed Jiang, Bai Richi, born in real name. Priscilla, son of Qin clan chief. Xiqiao: Dr. Qin, whose name is Xiqiao, is famous for his medical skills. Son of Uncle Jian, a veteran of Qin State. Bai Yi: Dr. Guo Qin, whose name is Bai Yi, is the son of Uncle Jian, a veteran of Qin State. These three men are all generals of the state of Qin.
(zhūng) Shouzai (16): There are two explanations. 1. See the first part. 2. Middle age. Either way, the meaning of that sentence is that King Mu of Qin satirizes Uncle Jian, who is old and groggy now. If your uncle Jian only lived for almost a period of time and died, the tree on your grave would be as thick as crossing your hands.
(17) Arch: put your hands together.
(18) Yao (xiáo): copper mine, Shanming, located in the northwest of Luoning County, Henan Province.
Ling: Dashan. There are two tombs in Xiaoshan, Nanling and Beiling, which are 30 miles apart and the terrain is dangerous.
(20) Xia Hougao: The monarch of the Xia Dynasty, named Gao, was his grandfather. After: the monarch.
(2 1) Aunt: Your bones, Yan: There they are.
Appreciation of Jian Shu's crying teacher
Uncle Jian's debate has been praised by the world for thousands of years and is regarded as a model of "knowing yourself and knowing yourself". However, Qin Mugong didn't listen to Uncle Jian's correct opinion. After losing his mind, he went his own way and decided to send Meng (the son of Priscilla) and Bai He (the son of Uncle Jian) to lead the troops. In fact, Uncle Jian has lost the normal channel of remonstration, but he still does not give up his efforts-remonstrating in the form of "crying the teacher" and bluntly pointing out the inevitable result of this attack on Zheng. When seeing Qin Jun off, he tearfully warned the officers and men: "I'm afraid you won't attack Zheng this time, but you will be ambushed by Jin. I have to go to Lushan to collect the bodies of soldiers. " "Crying the teacher" is called Qin Bo's curse and abuse, which is a very terrible thing in feudal society, but Uncle Jian continues to remonstrate-in the form of "crying", he accurately points out that the state of Jin "must be under the control of the teacher." I want to convey my opinion to the monarch again in the form of "crying"
Guo Yan, the soothsayer in the article, and Jian Shu, the veteran minister, predicted like a prophet and predicted like a god. Later, Qin Jun was defeated in Yishan. He cried before the soldiers were sent. It's really unwise to cry for failure beforehand.
Guo Yan's so-called "imperial incident" is just an excuse. People can make similar judgments based on experience, and it is a common method in war to take advantage of it and make a mess. As a politician and strategist, if you don't have this experience and mind, you should be incompetent. From uncle Jian's point of view, as a founding elder, he also has experience in this field. His opponent is not an idle generation, so it is impossible to be unprepared at an extraordinary moment. Therefore, going out at this time is tantamount to a trap.
Qin Mugong's eagerness to expand his power led him to make a fatal common sense mistake, which violated the basic premise of "knowing ourselves and knowing ourselves". The opponent is ready, and he will win; If you attack from a distance, you will be exhausted and have no fighting capacity, and you will be defeated. The reason is probably that the mood of attacking the city is so eager that even common sense is ignored. Of course, it is self-inflicted. If a horse stumbles, people will make mistakes, and mistakes made under the condition of being blinded by interests are unforgivable. It is even more unforgivable to make common-sense mistakes when blinded by interests.
Besides, at the beginning, Qin wanted to destroy Zheng with Jin, and later made a Covenant with Zheng. At this time, not only the Covenant was ignored, but even the former accomplices became the coveted objects. If you break your word and don't talk about morality and righteousness, you should also be punished by God. When people have no authority in their hearts, there is no fear; Without fear, selfish desires will expand rapidly; When selfish desires expand rapidly, they will do whatever they want and be lawless. Feudalism in the Spring and Autumn Period really made people compete for power and interests most fully. Technology and skill have been brought to the extreme, and fate has become the most elusive thing. The law of the jungle is a universal and ruthless law. Once every emperor has a courtier, a big country may overturn overnight, and a small country may erupt overnight. Therefore, there is no "prophet"; Those who are full of wisdom and experience are usually considered as "prophets".
Although this article is short, it fully reflects the narrative characteristics of Zuo Zhuan in structure, that is, the plot is tortuous, the writing is ups and downs, and the narrative is orderly. The article takes Guo Qin's old minister's admonition, the teacher's crying for his son, and Qin Mugong's non-admonition and non-scolding as clues, and the structure is ups and downs.
Secondly, this paper also fully embodies the characteristics of Zuo Zhuan, which depicts the characters' character through their words and deeds and integrates the characters with the plot structure. Although this article is short, it has successfully created an image of an old minister who is precocious, concerned about the country and far-reaching, and an image of a monarch who is headstrong and ignorant of interests. The two images are one bright and one dark, but they set off each other and complement each other. As the saying goes, ginger is still old and spicy. Uncle Jian is old, but he is still resourceful and thoughtful.
The creative background of Jian Shu crying teacher
In 627 BC, Qin Mugong sent troops to attack the State of Zheng. He planned to cooperate with the spies planted in the State of Zheng and seize the capital of Zheng. Qin Bo consulted Uncle Jian, who thought that Qin was far away from Zheng, and Zheng would definitely be prepared for the battle. Based on his long-term experience and rich political experience, according to the situation of Qin, Jin and Zheng, he comprehensively analyzed and stated in detail, listed all potential dangers, completely denied the stupid act of "attacking from afar" and pointed out that attacking Zheng would fail.
Brief introduction of the author of Jane's crying teacher
Zuo Qiuming (556 BC-45 BC1), surnamed Jiang, Qiu, was a descendant of Lu Yin, a duke of Qiu Mu. Because his ancestors used to be the left historian of Chu, and his surname was preceded by the word "left", he was called Mr. Qiu Ming, the left historian, "Zuo Qiuming" in the world, and later called Master Lu. Zuo Qiuming's native place is said to be the capital of Lu, and he was born in Junzhuang, the capital of Lu at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period (now Donghengyuan Village, Shi Heng Town, Feicheng City, Shandong Province). According to the new book Zuo Zhuan Jing She Zhi, the future will be near. Zuo Shi is the official history of Lu. Qiu Ming is similar to Confucius (55 BC1-479 BC), but it is a little later. He was a famous historian, scholar and thinker at that time, and he wrote Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Annals and Mandarin. His moral character is noble and respected by Confucius. He said that "Zuo Qiuming is ashamed of it and Qiu is ashamed of it", that is, he is happy but not happy; Sima Qian of Han Dynasty also called him "Lu Junzi" and took "Zuo Qiu was blind and lost his Mandarin" as the first model of his historical records. Zuo Qiuming's most important contribution lies in his two books, Zuo's Chunqiu Biography and Guoyu. Zuo Jia is an imperial historian. Zuo Qiuming and Confucius are familiar with the history of various countries and deeply understand Confucius' thoughts. Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu have a far-reaching influence on China's traditional historiography, especially Sima Qian's Historical Records. In this sense, Zuo Qiuming can be regarded as one of the founders of traditional historiography in China. Later generations may call him "Shi Sheng, a scholar", "the ancestor of literati historians", or "the ancestor of a hundred literary schools and ancient Chinese". Emperors of past dynasties have many seals: the seal of the Tang Dynasty; The Song Dynasty sealed Bo Qiu and changed Du Zhong to Bo; In the Ming dynasty, sages were appointed and changed. Tyumen Middle School was built in Feicheng City, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, to commemorate the hometown sage Zuo Qiuming.