In July of Wei Zhiping's fourth year, Ouyang Xiu sent Li Lan, a provincial official of Shangshu, as Taiqing, offering a modest wine sacrifice to the tomb of his old friend Man Qing, and wrote a letter to hang it. Yue:
Alas, Man Qing! Born to be English, died to be spiritual. It is the same as the life and death of all things, and it returns to those shapes that have nothing and are temporarily gathered; Those are not worthy of everything, but outstanding, and they are the names of future generations. Sages have been like this since ancient times, and those who write simple books are as bright as the sun, the moon and the stars.
Alas, Man Qing! I haven't seen my son for a long time. It seems to be my life. Its majestic, towering and buried underground means that it will not turn into rotten soil, but the essence of gold and jade. Otherwise, thousands of feet, who grows pine and cypress, produces Ganoderma lucidum and nine stems. But wild vines and thorns; Under the wind, phosphorus flies! But when I saw the shepherd boy groaning and singing up and down, my husband and I were stunned by the birds and animals. I groaned and groaned. If this is the case today, it will last forever. Do you know it doesn't hide loneliness and embarrassment? Since ancient times, sages have been happy, but I don't see my husband in the wilderness!
Alas, Man Qing! I know the reasons for ups and downs, but those who feel sad and sad about the past are ashamed to forget. Shang Xiang!
Label: eulogy eulogizes the emotion of classical Chinese.
Translation II of Dedicated to Shi Man Qingwen
On a certain day in July of the fourth year of Zhiping, the prefect Ouyang Xiu sent the prefect Li Yang to Taiqing, offering sake and delicacies, paying homage at the tomb of the deceased, and writing down the memorial:
Alas, Man Qing! You were a hero before you died, and you must be a god after you died! Like everything else, there is life and death, and finally your body is temporarily aggregated by essence; It is your reputation that will not die with everything else, but will stand out and be immortal. This is a saint since ancient times, and they are all the same; The names recorded in the history books are as obvious as the sun and stars.
Alas! Man Qing! It's been a long time, but I can still imagine what you looked like before you died. Your extraordinary, aboveboard and outstanding body is buried in the ground. I guess it will not turn into dirt and rot, but should become the most precious treasure. Otherwise, it will grow into a pine tree, tall and straight thousands of feet, or a plant like Ganoderma lucidum with nine stems. Why is your grave a wasteland full of weeds, thorns, cold wind, dew falling, phosphorus fire shining and fireflies flying? I saw the shepherd boy and the old man chopping wood, singing and walking around here; There are birds and animals wandering and moaning here in panic and fear. This is the scene now. After living for so long, how do you know that wild animals like foxes, mice and weasels won't dig holes to hide here? Sages have been like this since ancient times. Can't you see the bare graves in the wilderness?
Alas! Man Qing! I have learned the truth that things turn from prosperity to decline. But when I miss the old days, I feel more and more sad. I shed tears unconsciously in the wind, so I have to be ashamed that I can't reach the realm of indifference and selflessness like a saint. I hope you can enjoy this sacrifice.
Shi Man Qingwen (1) Wei Zhiping's comments on July, 2004: that is,1July, 067. Wei, send a message.
(2) Official titles: Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, officials often write down official titles that should be stated in entertainment texts such as speeches and letters to show humility. When Ouyang Xiu wrote this article, his official titles were bachelor of Guan Wendian, minister of punishments and minister of Bozhou military affairs.
(3) Shangshu Province: namely Shangshu Province, which manages the state administration. Shilin: an official in charge of paperwork. Li Lan: Unknown person.
(4) Taiqing: Place name, in the southeast of Shangqiu, Henan Province, is the burial place of stone. Ouyang Xiu's Stone Tombs: "Died for 37 days and was buried before the Qing Dynasty."
(5) Clean up the shame of action: Clean up the action and use wine for memorial service. Shu, all kinds. Shame means "shame", food, here refers to sacrifice.
(6) Be born British and die a god: be a hero in the world when you are alive and become a god after you die. English, hero, Yingjie. Spirit spirit.
(7) Form of temporary gathering: refers to material life.
(8) Simplified books: refer to historical books. Who is as bright as the sun?
(9) as if: vaguely want to see.
(10): Describe Shi's extraordinary bearing and noble personality.
(1 1) Abrupt and majestic: tall and straight, which is a metaphor for the unique talent of stone.
(12) rotten soil: rotten soil.
(13) essence: essence.
(14) Nine-stem Ganoderma lucidum: Ganoderma lucidum, a fungal medicinal plant, was considered as fairy grass by the ancients, and nine-stems were even regarded as precious auspicious things. "History of Han Dynasty Xuandi Ji": "Nine-stem golden branches are produced in Handetang Pool." However, one is "ambition".
Phosphorus: Phosphorus, a nonmetallic element. Phosphine produced by rotting animal carcasses automatically burns in the air, giving off a blue flame, which is common in graves and wilderness at night. Commonly known as ghost fire.
(16) Shepherds and wood cutters: people who graze and cut wood.
(17) Up and down: Walking back and forth.
(18) The plaintive voice lingers: here, wild animals wander back and forth, and birds moan and scream.
(19) Fox and Fox (wúshēnɡ): Fox, animal name, similar to fox. Catfish is a kind of mouse, also called flying squirrel. Hey, weasel.
(20) ups and downs: this refers to life and death.
(2 1) past: past, past.
(22) meteor tears: tears.
(23) It means you can't forget like a saint. Too high, the highest, also refers to a saint. Forgotten, beyond all emotions in the world. Shi Shuo Xin Yu: "The sages are the last people who love each other, and their love is in our generation."
(24) "Mourning for the Past" (π): m m n) A eulogy expressing the hope that the ghosts and gods of the deceased will enjoy the sacrifice. Jane, this means hope.
Appreciation of Shi Mansong This article is a eulogy written by Ouyang Xiu for his best friend Shi 26 years after his death. The article first explains the origin of writing eulogy, and then first praises the different customs of history, that is, "being born to be English and dying to be spiritual." After his death, his body changed, but his reputation was as prominent as that of ancient sages. Fu also tried his best to describe the desolate scene on the wasteland. Over time, it must be fox's hiding place, sighing: "The sages have been like this since ancient times, but I can't see my husband in the wilderness!" Finally, it is obvious that although the author understands that life and death are natural laws, he still shed tears when recalling the past, and he can't forget his feelings. At the end of the article, the word "Shang Xiang" is the conclusion, and the sadness is beyond words.
The whole eulogy is a combination of description, discussion and lyricism, with memories, regrets, mourning and affection. The author's deep affection for his old friend can't help but make people moved.
The first paragraph is a routine. Every eulogy should point out the relationship between time and characters in the first paragraph. The second paragraph began to enter the body of the eulogy, and it was a "Alas, Man Qing", which was abrupt and emotional. As if to wake up a dead friend from the ground, talk to him carefully. What do you want to talk about? The words "born for Britain, die for spirit" are the eyes of this paragraph. These eight words seem to comfort the soul of a dead friend. As the saying goes, "When a person dies, a good reputation is immortal." .
The third paragraph begins with "Alas, Man Qing" to tell my dead friend everything. This paragraph, bounded by "helplessness", has two meanings. "Helpless" is followed by the last paragraph, or "born for Britain and died for the spirit". Below Helpless, the pen tip turns sharply, and the words "wild smoke and wild vines" vividly describe a desolate scene of a deserted grave, which makes people wonder "Where will the past and the present go?" The sorrow of a pile of grass in the wasteland. Between the two meanings of "one guest, one master", the former is only the reason, just for comparison, and the latter is the focus and the core of the whole article.
The fourth paragraph begins with "Alas, Man Qing", just telling my dead friend all the feelings in my heart. And the spirit of a paragraph is that you can't forget it. The word "solid" of "knowing why" is good, which constitutes a turning point with the word "two" below. It's not that I don't know the immortal truth of fame; It's not that I don't know that the sky is always empty and sadness is useless. However, when I think of the past, how can I forget the sad memories of those songs! Reason, after all, can't control emotions. It is not difficult to understand and accept some great truths rationally; But after all, the feelings of the soul are dribs and drabs, and the sadness of the past is silently filled. Sadness comes from this and cannot be cut off.
The article is not long, but the emotion is full of turning points. There is a turning point between the first paragraph and the second paragraph of the text, and the last paragraph itself contains a turning point. After all, the immortal name in the first paragraph is not as good as the eternal emptiness in the second paragraph; The reason at the end of the paragraph is detached, and after all, the enemy can't compete with the quiet infiltration of emotions. After the turning point, we can see the weight and heaviness, but the words "sadness" and "emotion" are nothing more than the end. Ouyang Xiu and Ceng Yun: "People are born infatuated with love", and they also believe it.
The full text is controlled by emotion, in one go, without false decoration, but the structure is wonderful. In this article, Xu Bei's four words of "majestic and upright" push us to comment on this article. The immortality of the first paragraph, how firm! It's all empty talk, and there is a tendency for Youlong to go to sea. The second paragraph is about eternal emptiness, but it completely erases the first paragraph. Without the pen power of pulling mountains and rivers, it will never be done. The first two sections are open, but the last section is closed tightly, like a gate, locking two Youlong tightly. It can be seen that the writing skills of literary masters at that time.
Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072), the author of Sacrifice to Shi Man Qingwen, was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province), a writer and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was politically famous. Because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County, it called itself "Ouyang Xiu of Luling". Wenzhong, nicknamed Ouyang Wenzhong. Later generations also called him "the four great writers of the ages" with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe (Sansu), Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong, they are called "eight great masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Ouyang Xiu lost his father at an early age and studied under the care of his widowed mother. Song Renzong was a Jinshi in the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030). He worked in Xijing, made friends with Athena Chu and Mei, and expressed his ambition with poetry. Later, Ouyang Xiu was demoted because of the incident. He accused Gao Ruone, an admonisher, of being demoted to Yiling county magistrate, transferred to Dexian county magistrate and changed to Guan Ge, an admonisher. He was transferred to Jixian School, known as an admonition officer in history, and served as a direct bachelor of Longtuge, and was transferred to Hebei. Because of the incident, he learned about Chuzhou, Yangzhou, Yingzhou and Kaifeng. Later, I worshipped the Hanlin bachelor and the minister. Ouyang Xiu was the leader of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty. He inherited and developed Han Yu's ancient prose theory, advocated that prose should be based on Ming Dow, opposed to "abandoning everything regardless of heart" (answer to Wu Chong's Scholar's Book), advocated that literature should be applied, opposed to "approaching from afar" (with Zhang Xiucai's Second Book), emphasized the combination of literature and Taoism, paid equal attention to introducing natural literature, and opposed to grandiose style of writing. His political and historical essays, such as On Friends, Advice to Gauss, The History of the New Five Dynasties: Biographies of Lingguan, etc., either criticized the current disadvantages or learned lessons, and lyrical essays, such as Zuiwengting Ji, Qiusheng Fu, etc., or lyrical, or lyrical by taking advantage of the scenery, fluent and euphemistic. (Image source overview:)
Ouyang Xiu's Other Works ○ Zuiweng Pavilion
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○ Ouyang Xiu More Works