Author: Du Fu
Along the wall of the capital, a bald crow flew to the gate that entered in autumn and screamed at night.
Then he turned around again and pecked at the roof of a building. The owner of this building, a powerful China man, had fled in front of the Tatars.
Now his golden whip is broken, his nine horses are dead, and his own flesh and bones are scattered in the wind.
Yaobao? Green coral, a prince on the street corner, crying in pain.
Whoever wants to give him a fake name, anyone asks him, just a poor guy, hoping to get a job.
Hiding in the grass and thorns for a hundred days, from head to toe are displayed on him.
However, since their first emperor, all the hooked noses, these dragons look different from ordinary people.
The wolf is in the palace now, and the dragon has disappeared in the desert. Prince, be very careful of your most sacred person! .
I dare not talk to you for a long time on the open road, nor dare I stand beside you for a while.
Last night, the spring breeze smelled of blood, and camels from the East were everywhere in the ancient capital.
Our soldiers in the north are healthy in body and hands. Oh, why are they so brave in the past and so cowardly now? .
Our emperor, we heard, has given his son the throne, and the leader of the southern border is loyal.
Huamen Tribe and Li Mian Tribe are gathering to avenge us, but be careful-let yourself hide the dagger well.
Unfortunate prince, I beg you, always be vigilant until the strength of the five imperial tombs comes to help you.
Precautions:
1, Yanqiu Gate: West Gate of Tang Palace; Out of this door, it is to cross the Weihe River by the temporary bridge and go to Mawei from Xianyang Avenue.
2, nine horses: refers to Xuanzong galloping whip, eager to escape, leaving the Li family flesh and blood.
3. The jackal is in the city: it means that An Lushan is the emperor in Luoyang;
4, the dragon in the wild: refers to Xuanzong rushing to Shu.
5. Shuofang sentence: It refers to the 200,000 troops of Helong and Shuofang who were guarding Tongguan by Ge, which was a great defeat for An Lushan.
6. Shengde sentence: After Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Xiongnu was divided into north and south, and Nandan Khan (South Attila) sent envoys as princes. Here, after Su Zong acceded to the throne, Uighur once sent an envoy to help Tang Ping.
7. Huamen: Huamenshan Castle is located 300 miles north of Juyanhai (now Gansu) and is the residence of Uighur cavalry, so it refers to Uighur.
8. Noodles: namely pear noodles. The ancient Xiongnu custom expressed loyalty and sorrow by cutting face and bleeding.
9. Be careful: Qian Yun: At that time, the minister who surrendered thieves must have eyes and ears as thieves, looking for the emperor and princess to sacrifice. That's what it says here. Sniper: Macaque. Because he is good at waiting for food, it is a metaphor that someone will spy secretly.
10, Five Mausoleums: Chang 'an has five mausoleums of Han Dynasty, namely the Changling Mausoleum of Emperor Gao, the Anling Mausoleum of Emperor Hui, the Yangling Mausoleum of Emperor Jing, the Maoling Mausoleum of Emperor Wu and Ping Ling of Emperor Zhao. Just before Xuanzong, there were five tombs in the Tang Dynasty, that is, Gaozu Mausoleum, Taizong Zhaoling, Gaozong Ganling, Zhongzong Dingling, Zongrui Qiaoling and Shi Hongbao read Du Fu's poems, so as to make a statement about the five tombs in the Tang Dynasty, and we should not compare them with Korea or use literal words.
1 1, good spirit: refers to the lush atmosphere in the mausoleum, which was originally the geomantic theory of Lao Kanyu's family.
12, at any time: It means that ZTE has hope at any time.
Translation:
On the head of Chang 'an, stands a bald crow.
At dusk, I flew into the autumn gate, screaming.
The monster kept pecking at the official residence again.
These dignitaries were frightened, and they fled their hometown to avoid the conference semifinals.
Xuanzong ran away, broke his golden whip and exhausted nine horses.
I am too close to my family to drive with him.
There is a teenager wearing jade and coral around his waist.
Poor guy, he cried himself hoarse by the roadside.
Asking questions, always refusing to say his name,
Just say that life is hard and beg people to accept him as a slave!
It's been more than a hundred days, fleeing under thorns,
I have no skin, full of cracks and scars.
Most of the descendants of Emperor Gao have straight noses.
Compared with cloth, dragon species is naturally elegant.
The jackal is the emperor in the city, but the dragon seed is in the wilderness.
Wang Sun, you must cherish your frame.
I dare not talk to you for a long time at the crossroads.
You can only stand for a moment and say what is important to you.
The east wind smelled blood last night.
In the east of Chang 'an, there are many camels and horses and chariots.
The northern army has always been a good fighter.
I used to be brave, but now I'm out of the water.
Privately, I heard that the emperor had passed the throne to the prince.
South Khan sent envoys to worship, and Shengde ruled the world.
They all cut their faces and demanded revenge to go to the front.
You should keep your mouth shut in case the spy catches you.
It's a pity, Wang Sun. You mustn't neglect it.
The spirit of the Five Tombs is lush, and the Tang Dynasty can be revived!
Appreciate:
Tongguan fell on June 9th, the 15th year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (756). /kloc-on 0/3, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu with only a few imperial concubines and younger sisters, and the rest concubines, grandchildren and princesses could not escape. In July, An Lushan captured Chang 'an with Sun Xiaozhe, and killed hundreds of people below Huo princess royal. The prince and grandson mentioned in the poem should be the survivors of the catastrophe.
Poetry first recalls the signs before the Anshi disaster; Then write down the pain that the emperor abandoned Wang Sun and left in a hurry, and Wang Sun was exiled; Finally, I told him about Wang Sun's situation inside and outside, and advised him to cherish himself and wait for the recovery of rivers and mountains.
The whole poem describes the scenery and feelings, which the poet witnessed, heard and felt personally, so the feelings are sincere. It is fascinating, the narrative is clear and neat, and the tone is true and cordial. Write sympathy, dialogue, truth and hope. This is why Du Fu's poems are called historians of poetry.
Xin Qiji remembers Wang Sun.
Miss Wang Sun
Author: Xin Qiji
Qiu Jiang farewell, set the ancient sentence.
Climb up the hill and send it back to the water.
Sad, sad, sad, parting.
You don't have to complain. People are different from the past.
Only autumn geese fly every year.
Precautions:
65438+ Write Qiu Jiang's farewell scene first, and use Fu method. See you after writing, miss you, melt into the scenery, and feel sad.
2. Mountaineering sentence: "Nine Debates on Chu Ci": Travel far, climb near the water and go back.
3, sad mo sentence: "Nine songs and less life": sad mo sad parting, happy mo Xi new acquaintance.
4, needless to say: Du Mu's poem "Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days": But there must be rewards on festivals, so don't complain.
5. People are wrong in the past: Su Shi's Flowers on the Stranger: A butterfly that devours everything flies, and Jiangshan is still wrong in the past.
6. There is only one sentence: Li Qiao's "Fenyin Xing": Today, there is only Fenshui River, and geese fly every year.
Appreciate:
In the garden of ancient literature in China, there are many poems composed of ancient sentences. Although they are all composed of ancient sentences, the author endows them with new artistic conception, which makes people both familiar and unfamiliar to read and has its own interest.
Judging from the existing literary historical materials, the earliest parallelism poem in China began with Fu Xian's Mao Shi in the Jin Dynasty, which was composed of sentences in the Book of Songs. There are successors. As a famous Wang Anshi in Song Dynasty, he wrote many poems in his later years, some of which reached a hundred rhymes. Wen Tianxiang is famous for collecting 200 poems by Du Fu.
Parallelism began with Wang Anshi. Then Su Shi wrote Nanxiangzi. Set three sentences and mark the original author of the poetry collection. Because words are long and short sentences and poems are five and seven words, the number of words in parallelism sentences is far less than that in parallelism poems. Xin Qiji's Memory of Wang Sun is also unique in Xin Ci. Judging from the content, it was also created when he lived in Shangrao, Jiangxi.
The first sentence of this word comes from Song Yu's Nine Debates: Sadness is autumn, and the vegetation is bleak. If it's a long trip, climb the mountain and go back near the water. Xin Qiji used it to point out the meaning of farewell. Since Song Yu wrote Nine Arguments, sadness and bleak autumn colors seem to have formed an indissoluble bond, and expressing sadness in autumn has become a great tradition of literati in past dynasties. Such as Ouyang Xiu's Ode to Autumn Sound.
Since Xin Qiji wrote in the Nine Debates, the pain of parting since ancient times is self-evident, and it is even more sad to neglect the Clear Autumn Festival. Climbing the mountain near the water, there is also a feeling of parting. Don't be sad. Look at Qu Yuan's Nine Songs. Without life, its next sentence is happiness. It can be inferred from this sentence that Xin Qiji bid farewell to the intimate friend he just met, so he was sad. In the history of China literature, Qu Song also said that Xin Qiji's combination of Song Yu's and Qu Yuan's poems is not only coherent in meaning, but also particularly interesting to read, which can be said to be a clever collection.
You don't have to complain, and you don't have to fall. This is a sentence from Du Mu's Climbing the Mountain in Nine Days. This couplet will reward the festival as drunk as a fiddler, so there is no need to complain lightly. The word "Deng" here echoes "climbing near the water" The sun sets, dusk falls, friends get together, excitement is endless, and it's time to break up; Does it make people feel particularly sad to be on the farewell party? For this reason, people often resent ruthlessness. On the other hand, sunrise and sunset, green mountains and green waters are the true colors of nature. What is there to be aggrieved about? This sentence seems to say goodbye, but it is actually a deep parting hate.
A poem in Su Shi's Flowers on the Stranger is still a poem of the past. Limited to meter, the meaning of the whole sentence is summarized by the word "Fei" in the past. Jiangshan is still closely related to the lack of resentment. The past is meaningful, how many things change, and human feelings change! Only the autumn geese fly every year, from Li Qiao's "The Hidden Line of Powder". "Journey to Fenyin" compares the desolation seen in front of us with the grand occasion of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Fenyin's ancestral temple. In the past, brothels sang and danced, but today, yellow dust gathers thorns. The mountains and rivers are full of tears, how long can they be rich and glorious? Today, we don't only divide water, but only autumn geese fly every year. It can be seen that Xin Qiji's writing "Farewell" gradually expanded to his understanding of life and his disappointment with the state affairs at that time. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji, who insisted on resolutely resisting gold, did not want to restore the occupied land in the north, thus expressing his sorrow.
Although this word is a collection of ancient sentences, it is written so profoundly and turned so freely, which shows that Xin Qiji deserves to be an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Yiwangsun wrote the following words
Li Chongyuan recalled Wang's words.
Feng Pu hunted to a small pond. After the rain, the lotus flowers were full of fragrance, and the heavy plums and pumpkins were cold and snowy.
Bamboo square bed, needlework is unintentional, and dreams are long in the afternoon.
Make an appreciative comment
Li Zhongyuan's Memory of the Prince had four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. They all described the scenery of the four seasons in a woman's tone and expressed their corresponding feelings. This summer poem was first written in a small pond. The water plants in the wind were hunting hard. After the rain, the lotus flowers gave off a refreshing fragrance, which filled the whole yard with the fragrance of lotus flowers. In hot summer, it is rare to be refreshed after the rain. At this time, I am enjoying plums and melons cooled with cold water in the well. It's as cold as ice and snow! On a square bed made of bamboo (big bed, double bed), who still has the mind to take a needle and thread as a female worker? It should be a very pleasant thing to have a good nap without sweating or fatigue!
Although the poem is short, it draws a lady with summer characteristics, which is meaningless. RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems
Seven-wound poem
Author: RoyceWong
There is no chaos in Xijing, and the tiger is in trouble.
After abandoning China, I devoted myself to Yu Shuai.
My relatives are sad for me, and my friends are chasing me.
I didn't see anything when I went out, and the bones covered the plain.
There was a hungry woman on the road, holding her child in her arms and leaving the grass.
Wen Gu wailed and wept alone.
I don't know where I'm going to die, so how do I end it?
I can't bear to hear that.
Go south to the Baling River and look back at Chang 'an.
You will feel sad when you realize that you are in spring.
Precautions:
1, Xijing: refers to Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is called the East Capital. After Dong Zhuo's rebellion, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was moved from Luoyang to Chang 'an by Dong Zhuo. No image: no rules and regulations, no system.
2. Jackal: refers to Dong Zhuobu, Li Jue, Guo Si, etc. Suffering: bring disaster to the people.
3. China: Central Plains.
4. Commitment: exposure. Man Jing: It refers to Jingzhou. In ancient times, people in the Central Plains said that southerners were beautiful and Jingzhou was in the south, so it was called Man Jing. There was no war in Jingzhou at that time, and many people fled there. Liu Biao, the secretariat of Jingzhou, studied under Wang Chang, the grandfather of Wang Shen, and was a family friend of Wang Shen, so Wang Shen went to him.
5, chasing: chasing, indicating reluctance.
6. End: Safe. The above two sentences were heard by the author from the woman who abandoned her son.
7. Baling: Mausoleum of Liu Heng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, located in the east of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province. Coast: Gorkon Gaopo. Emperor Wendi was the most famous emperor in the Han Dynasty for 400 years. During this period, the social order was relatively stable and the economy developed rapidly. Therefore, RoyceWong is here to express his feelings against reality.
8. Xia Quan: A title in The Book of Songs, Cao Feng, is considered by Confucian classics in Han Dynasty as a poem in which Cao people miss Xianbo. Under the spring, the spring water flows underground.
9. What a sad expression. The last four sentences of this poem mean that in the face of the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, compared with the current chaotic reality, we are more saddened to realize the poet's yearning for the wise master and his ministers.
Translation:
Dark clouds are gathering over Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty.
Li Jue, Guo Si and others are making trouble here.
I reluctantly bid farewell to the Central Plains countryside,
Entrust yourself to distant Man Jing.
My relatives had tears in their eyes when I sent them away.
Friends don't want to climb the shaft.
Walking out of the door, I saw nothing,
Only piles of bones cover the countryside.
A woman was sitting on the side of the road, looking hungry.
Gently put the child in the fine grass.
The baby's cry tore the mother's liver and lungs,
The hungry woman couldn't help looking back.
But in the end I left alone in tears,
I don't know where I died yet,
Who can ask us to save mother and son?
Before she finished, I rode away quickly.
I can't bear to listen to such sad language any more.
Climb the Baling Highland and continue south.
Looking back, I looked at Xijing Chang 'an from afar.
Understand the poet's feelings of missing Xia Quan's wise monarch,
I can't help feeling sad and sighing.
Appreciate:
Seven Sorrow: Six ministers in Selected Works note Lu Xiangyun: Seven Sorrow means pain and sorrow, righteousness and sorrow, feeling and sorrow, resentment and sorrow, smell and sigh, sigh and sorrow, sour nose and sorrow. This is looking for words that create meaning. Ye Li, a poet in Yuan Dynasty, wrote in Jing Zhai Gu Jin Qu that people's worldly desires is different, including joy, anger, sadness, joy, love, evil and desire. Today, there is too much sadness, and there is no joy, anger, joy, love, evil and lust. There is only one sadness in the relationship between emotions, so it is called seven sorrows. It is also quite far-fetched. Seven Sorrow is a lyric poem of Yuefu. Yu Guanying said today: Therefore, it is called "Seven Sorrow", which may be related to music. Jin Lexing takes this poem (referring to Cao Zhi's Seven Sorrow) as a lyric poem, which is divided into seven interpretations. (Selected Poems of Three Cao) makes sense and can be used for reference.
There is no chaos in Xijing, and the tiger is in trouble. Xijing refers to Chang 'an. There is Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the east and Chang 'an in the west, so Chang 'an is called Xijing. Jackal Tiger refers to Li Jue, Guo Si and others of Dong Zhuo's department. Chang 'an was not formed because of the insurrection of Li Jue, Guo Si and others. They burned, killed and looted, and the people suffered greatly. These two sentences are about social unrest. It was in this turmoil that the poet left Chang 'an. Here is the reason why he left Chang 'an.
After abandoning China, I devoted myself to Yu Shuai. Here is where the poet went after he left Chang 'an. After that, it is worth noting that this shows that the migration of poets is not the first time. In A.D. 190 (the first year of Chuping), Dong Zhuo coerced Emperor Han Xian to move to Chang 'an, driving eight million officials into the customs, and the poet was forced to move to Chang 'an. At this time, he had to leave Chang 'an in order to take refuge. This compound word not only shows the immediate sadness, but also evokes the tragic past, containing infinite emotion and sadness. China, Central Plains. China was built on both sides of the Yellow River in ancient times, so the north was called China. Man Jing refers to Jingzhou. Jingzhou is the seat of the ancient state of Chu, originally called Jing, Zhou called the southerners barbarians, and Chu was in the south, so it was called Jing. These two sentences mean to leave the Central Plains and go to Jingzhou. This is because there was no war in Jingzhou at that time, so many people went there to avoid chaos. RoyceWong took refuge in Jingzhou secretariat Liu Biao, because he was a fellow countryman. Liu Biao had studied in RoyceWong's grandfather Wang Chang, and the two families had family friends.
My relatives are sad for me, and my friends are chasing me. Write down the scene when you left. These two sentences are intertextual, and there are not only relatives but also friends who are sad; Not only friends, but also relatives. The poet's description of his farewell expression and action is of course to show the poet's deep affection for his relatives and friends, and more importantly, to create a tragic atmosphere, which makes people feel that this is a film "Where Are You Going?"
The poet left Chang 'an and his relatives and friends, and the sight he saw along the way was shocking: nothing was seen when he went out, and the bones covered the plain. What I see is a pile of bones, covering the endless plain. This is a profound disaster brought to the people by the Tiger Rebellion. The tragic scene caused by this war, Cao Cao's "Hao Li Xing" wrote: Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles. It is extremely sad to think that only one person in a hundred people is alive. It's the same scene, you can refer to it. The above is a bird's eye view, and the following six sentences are typical examples: there is a hungry woman on the road, and her child is abandoned in the grass. Wen Gu wailed, but he didn't return it alone: If we don't know where we died, how can we end it? These six sentences are also closely related to going out and seeing nothing. The poet saw not only the plain covered with bones, but also the story of a hungry woman who abandoned her child. It is normal for women to love children; It is not normal for a woman to abandon her children. This abnormal phenomenon is due to war. Therefore, the poet profoundly exposed the heavy disaster brought by the war to the people with tragic examples. Vivid and vivid, making people cry. Wu Qi said: What a mess it is to go out. After the mutiny, sad things can't be written, but if you enclose them with the word "nothing to see", the anguish of the city people will be written. Take a woman who abandoned her children as an example. When we are separated, everything is light, and it is the most difficult to give up the flesh and blood, and loving the mother is especially important for the young son. He knew she was heavy. Zhang Yugu said, "When you go out for ten sentences, you are hungry on the way, but there are endless stories. The story of a woman abandoning her child is very descriptive, while others are not in contact and the road is impassable, so it goes without saying. Write a poem to illustrate the importance of this move, with a few exquisite pens. (Appreciation of Ancient Poetry, Volume 9) all reveal the artistic features of this writing. This kind of writing has an influence on Du Fu, so He Chao said: On the road, there are six hungry women, and Du Fu is the ancestor. ("Yimen Reading Secretary" Volume 46)
The tragic scene of the woman abandoning her child made the poet unbearable to listen to and watch. So he drove the horse away and couldn't bear to hear it. This shows the poet's sadness and grief. The poet moved on. Go south to the Baling River and look back at Chang 'an. Baling, where Liu Heng Mausoleum is located, is located in the east of Chang 'an County, Shaanxi Province. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was a wise monarch, and history books praised him for teaching the people with virtue, which was based on the wealth of the country (History of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty) and had the so-called rule of culture and scenery. When the poet ascends the Baling Highland in the south and looks back at Chang 'an, he will naturally think of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty and the rule of Wenjing. If a wise monarch like Wendi were alive, Chang 'an would not be so chaotic and broken, and the people would not be displaced or exiled. Climbing Baling and overlooking Chang 'an, the poet was filled with emotion.
You will feel sad when you realize that you are in spring. Together with the above two sentences, it is the end of the whole article. Xia Quan is the title of Cao Feng in The Book of Songs. The preface of Shi Mao says: Go to the spring to think about governance. Cao Rensi, Wang Mingxian and Bo Ye. Xia Quanren refers to Xia Quan, the author of this poem. Facing the mausoleum of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty and the turbulent social reality, the poet understood the feelings of Xia Quan's poets for the Ming monarch, and thus issued a heartfelt lament. Zhang Yugu said: Looking back at the end of Deng Nan, I should take the first paragraph. Sad in the spring, wake up in the middle, and close the whole article. ("Appreciation of Ancient Poetry" Volume 9) Fang also said: "Go south to Baling Bank, think about it, turn it into something below, feel it, grieve it, and mourn its end." ("Zhao Wei Zhan Yan" Volume 2) all pointed out the artistic effect of the ending of this poem.
This poem is sad, painful and touching, and it is a masterpiece in Jian 'an poetry. It is not unreasonable for Fang to be ranked first in the world.