Poetry is a literary genre that focuses on emotion. It reflects social life in a lyrical, highly concise and concentrated way, using rich imagination, rhythmic and rhythmic language and the form of line arrangement. Express thoughts and emotions.
An overview of poetry styles
The classification of poetry styles is a complex issue. Now, let’s just talk about the poetry styles of Han, Wei, Six Dynasties and Tang and Song Dynasties in general terms.
Poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties are generally called ancient poems[/rl], including ancient Yuefu poems of the Han and Wei Dynasties, Yuefu folk songs of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and literati poems of this period. Yuefu was originally the name of the official office. Yuefu lyrics were collected by the Yuefu organ and paired with music scores for singing. "Wen Xin Diao Long Yuefu" chapter says: "Every musical word is called a poem, and the sound of a poem is called a song." From this we can see the relationship between the three concepts of poetry, song, and Yuefu: Poetry refers to what the poet wrote Song lyrics and songs refer to the music that goes with the poems, while Yuefu refers to both. Later works that copied the old Yuefu titles or imitated the Yuefu style were also called Yuefu although they did not have music. In the middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and others launched a New Yuefu movement, innovating topics and writing about current affairs, so it was called New Yuefu.
Poem styles after the Tang Dynasty can be roughly divided into modern poetry and ancient poetry from the perspective of rhythm. Modern poetry is also called modern poetry, which has a certain rhythm. Ancient poetry is also generally called ancient style. It is written according to the method of ancient poetry. The form is relatively free and not bound by meter.
From the word count of poems, there are so-called four-character poems, five-character poems and seven-character poems. Four words are one sentence with four characters, five words are one sentence with five words, and seven words are one sentence with seven words. After the Tang Dynasty, four-character poems became rare, so they were usually only divided into five-character and seven-character poems. Five-character ancient poems are referred to as Wugu; seven-character ancient poems are referred to as Qigu; those using both three, five, and seven characters are generally considered Qigu. Five-character rhymed poetry is referred to as Wulu, which is limited to eight lines and 40 characters; seven-character rhymed poetry is referred to as Qilu, which is limited to eight lines and fifty-six characters. Anything with more than eight sentences is called long rhyme, also called row rhyme. Long rhymes are generally five character poems. Those with only four sentences are called quatrains; five quatrains have 20 characters, and seven quatrains have 28 characters. Quatrains can be divided into two types: regular quatrains and ancient quatrains. Rhythm must be restricted by the rhythm of flat and oblique, but it is not restricted by the regular rhythm of oblique and oblique. Ancient Jue is generally limited to the Five Jue.
Poetry mainly has the following parts:
(1) The origin of poetry
Poetry is the oldest and most literary style of literature. Originated from the labor chants and folk songs of ancient people, it was originally a general term for poetry and songs. In the beginning, there was no distinction between poetry and song. Poetry was combined with music and dance, collectively called poetry. Chinese poetry has a long history and rich heritage, such as "The Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and "Han Yuefu" as well as the works of countless poets. Poetry in Western Europe began with poets such as Homer and Sappho in ancient Greece and Virgil and Horace in ancient Rome.
(2) Characteristics of poetry
Poetry is a literary genre that highly summarizes and reflects social life. It is full of the author’s thoughts, feelings and rich imagination, and its language is concise and vivid. It is highly visual, has distinctive rhythm, harmonious phonology, and is full of musical beauty. The sentences are generally arranged in separate lines and pay attention to the beauty of structural form.
(3) Techniques of expression in poetry
There are many ways of expression in poetry. The earliest and most popular traditional expression techniques in my country and still commonly used today
are "Fu, Bi, Xing". "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "There are six meanings of poetry: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is excitement, the fifth is elegance, and the sixth is ode."
These "six meanings" In "Yi", "Feng, Ya and Song" refer to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the expression techniques in the poems.
Fu: It is a way of expressing things directly. Zhu Xi, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, said in the annotation of "Collected Poems": "The poet states the story and speaks directly." For example, "Ge Tan" and "Fu Tuo" in the "Book of Songs" use this technique.
Comparison: Use metaphors to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long·Bixing": "What is a comparison? It is a person who writes something to attach meaning and threatens to do something." Zhu Xi said: "A comparison is to compare this thing with another thing. ." For example, chapters such as "Katydid" and "Shuo Rat" in "The Book of Songs" were written using this method.
Xing: It is a way of writing that uses the beginning of something to evoke the thing to be described in the topic and to express thoughts and feelings. Kong Yingda of the Tang Dynasty said in "Mao Shi Zhengyi": "The one who inspires is to start. Taking examples to attract others and arousing one's own mind. Poems and essays that use plants, trees, birds and animals to express ideas are all inspired by words." Zhu Xi is even more clear. He pointed out: "Those who are Xing first talk about other things to trigger the words to be chanted." For example, chapters such as "Guan Sui" and "Tao Yao" in the "Book of Songs" use the expression technique of "Xing".
These three expression techniques have been handed down and are often used comprehensively to complement each other. They have a great influence on the poetry creation of the past dynasties.