1. Knowledge goal: accumulation? Begging, reasoning, believing and meeting? The meaning of notional words; Use reference books to help students consolidate their knowledge of classical Chinese and understand the content of the article.
2. Skill goal: master the common sense of ancient Chinese culture, cultivate the ability of ancient Chinese analysis, and expand the thinking of discussing problems.
3. Emotional goal: to understand the main ideas of Zhenguan dignitaries and their progressive significance; Understand Emperor Taizong's understanding of coachable and the feudal emperor's thought of governing the country.
teaching method
1. Read aloud
2. Discussion on cooperation
teaching process
I. Introduction
As we all know, Emperor Taizong was Li Shimin. Shimin? What do you mean? Help the world and people? . It is precisely because he has such lofty aspirations that during his reign, a famous? Zhenguan rule? . ? Zhenguan rule? Apart from his personal wisdom, the most important thing is his modesty and eagerness to learn. In this section, we will walk into Jason Wu's article "Asking for Advice" to see what kind of attitude and understanding Emperor Taizong had towards coachable.
Ask a student to read the first paragraph aloud.
1. Correct the underlined words:
Pseudo color will be destroyed by loyal ministers, and he will be paralyzed.
Check the meaning of words
G: You. Sui: Finally. Action: action, measure. Search: Soon. Chin: Shut your mouth and don't talk. Borrow: With the help of.
Persuasion: Speak frankly about people's shortcomings and persuade them to correct them.
3. Analyze the first paragraph
The first sentence: Is the combination portrait serious? A cheerful face (why)
A. Create a harmonious atmosphere of admonition
B. show an attitude of persuasion: open-minded and positive.
C. the purpose of remonstrance: to know the gains and losses of politics and religion
D. Understanding of remonstrance
Metaphor and analogy: the necessity of admonition (positive)
Hypothesis: result (opposite)
Conclusion (? So what? ): Both the monarch and the minister are dead
Example: monarchs and ministers of the Sui Dynasty
Contact now: I must protest.
4. Discussion: the relationship between the title and the beginning of the argumentative paper.
A. who asked for advice? Who do you ask for advice? The monarch sought a just and straightforward suggestion.
Is this true or not? (Listen to what he says and see what he does)
Do it first, then say it.
The beginning is both relevant and convincing.
Third, read the second paragraph.
1. Translate sentences:
A. the wood is from the rope, and then the holy advice.
B. your majesty is worried about the holy spirit, and I am willing to go crazy.
2. Analysis:
A.？ Words?
Jun (ask for advice)? Emperor Taizong
Righteousness dominates evil ministers; Official evil master (unable to reason) (anti)
Monarchs and ministers are like fish and water.
Minister (suggestion)? Prince
Wooden ink line? Monarchs are easy to train (metaphor, analogy)
In ancient times, there were seven ministers (for example)
Connecting with practice (praising Taizong, expressing attitude)
B.？ Okay？
Say yes, imperial edict, accept it (say what you do, match your words with your deeds)
3. discussion: admonition? Take advice? Trainable? Ask for advice, what does this process reflect?
Persuade: Persuade the monarch (elder or friend) to correct his mistakes.
It is divided into two parts: direct remonstration (Qu Yuan was exiled, Bigan was cut out of his heart) and ironic remonstration (Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi, and touched the dragon to say Empress Zhao).
Take advice (Jin Linggong, left ear goes in and right ear goes out)
Trainable (passive)
Solicit opinions (actively)
Refuse to protest (Yang Di)
A. Emperor Taizong was a brilliant emperor who was good at making suggestions (it is difficult to make suggestions, but it is even more difficult to accept advice).
Wise, diligent in political affairs, open-minded, generous and considerate, cautious, and want to govern the country. What did he achieve by doing so? Zhenguan rule? Is it for the people?
Objectively, the people have been spared from war and have been recuperated; In fact, he was a feudal emperor, mainly to consolidate his rule and make the world like Qin Shihuang? What is the inheritance of descendants and emperors? . So, what is the title of this unit? Home country and the world? What is this? Home world? .
Fourth, students read the text aloud and summarize the writing characteristics.
In Tang Taizong's speech, many argumentation methods were adopted:
1. Metaphorical argument
2. Analogy argument
3. Hypothetical argument
4. Comparative demonstration
5. Facts have proved that
V. Teacher's Summary
This paper describes the admonition of Emperor Taizong and coachable's remarks, showing the diligent, open-minded, generous, considerate and cautious side of Emperor Taizong, providing an example for later rulers to learn, and reminding us to accept others' opinions with an open mind.
Distribution of intransitive verbs
1. After reading this article, hide your face and meditate, today? Ask for advice? Do you still need it?
2. The following passage is from Zhenguan politician? Ask for advice and answer the following questions after reading it:
In the third year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong called Sikong Peiji: There are many things to do besides a book to play with. I always stick to the wall of the house, go in and out of the province, so tireless people try their best to think about politics or sleep at night. I also hope that the male generation will work tirelessly and be pregnant with me. ?
A. use? /? Make sentences for the following parts.
There are many things to do besides a book to play with. I always stick to the wall of the house, go in and out of the province, so tireless people try their best to think about politics or sleep at night.
B. I also hope that the public will take the trouble to translate the sentences in the text to help me. ?
3. Related reading Yuan Jun guidance (with blackboard design):
The original king? Inference is the monarch's way.
The emergence of the monarch: conform to the situation and win the support of the people through hard work.
The duty of the monarch: to promote good and eliminate evil for the world.
The king of the ancients: the world is the mainstay, and the king is the guest.
The monarch of later generations: the monarch is the master and the world is the guest.
Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer.
Reflection after teaching
1. To make students right? Home country and the world? To deeply understand this idea, teachers should appropriately add some theories and examples. For example, China's ancient politics was centered on the monarch, which is in The Book of Songs? Under the sky, is it not the land of kings? Territory, is it Wang Chen? Poetry, Qin Shihuang unified China by force and established a centralized unified empire, and Dong Zhongshu began to develop? Three cardinal guides and five permanent members? 、? Sacred right? 、? Heaven-man induction? China has a long history of culture? People-oriented thought? Gu and Huang Zongxi's advanced thoughts during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
2. Guide students to dialectically look at the relationship among courtiers, monarchs and loyal ministers in the ancient political structure dominated by emperors; Focus on whether it is needed in real life. Suggestion? Wait for questions.
The second teaching goal of the excellent teaching design of "seeking advice";
1. Understand the main ideas and progressive significance of Zhenguan dignitaries and Ming Yi's visit.
2. Understand Tang Taizong's understanding of submission and the feudal emperor's thought of governing the country.
3. Understand China's ancient thinkers' criticism of absolute monarchy, and learn something useful for modern society.
4. accumulation? Begging, reasoning, believing and meeting? The meaning of notional words.
Teaching time:
Four class hours
Teaching process:
first kind
First, introduce new lessons.
(Arts) How much do you know about the ancient political system in China?
Second, the teacher introduced? Ancient Chinese political thought? .
China's ancient politics was centered on the monarch. What's in The Book of Songs? Under the sky, is it not the land of kings? Territory, is it Wang Chen? This poem is an idiom describing the supremacy of imperial power in feudal society, which is deeply rooted in the reality of the supremacy of imperial power and absolute monarchy. In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang unified China by force and established a centralized unified empire. For the first time in China's history, the broad masses of people were put under the control of a unified regime. After the death of Qin, the Han dynasty inherited the Qin system, and the subsequent dynasties basically followed this pattern without much change.
On the spire of this design is an extremely noble monarch. All state power, including legislative power, political power, financial power and military power, is highly concentrated in the hands of the monarch, and all state affairs are decided by the monarch alone, which easily leads to individual arbitrariness. Therefore, the monarch's personal quality, morality and ability have a decisive influence on the political life of feudal countries, which is often? People save politics, people die? . In order to limit the power of the monarch and prevent the monarch from acting arbitrarily, feudal thinkers came up with a code of conduct for the monarch, called? Jundao? This includes personal cultivation, the relationship between monarch and minister, and the relationship between monarch and people. The question of monarch and minister mentioned in the article "Seeking Advice" selected in this unit belongs to the category of monarch and minister relationship. What are we familiar with? People are just countries? Zhou junmin water? Speech is the category of the relationship between the monarch and the people. These thoughts will, to a certain extent, avoid crowding up and down and government confusion, and maintain the stability of the feudal dynasty. However, these ideas, after all, depend on the personal working ability of the monarch. Due to the lack of effective institutional guarantee, when the monarch's personal greed swells and he is happy, these thoughts become weak preaching.
In the middle of this pattern is a bureaucratic group as an accessory to the throne and a tool of the monarchy. In order to effectively control the Li people, the feudal monarch had to set up institutions, appoint officials, empower them, and establish a ruling system from the central to the local, so there was a bureaucratic system. The combination of bureaucracy and absolute monarchy constituted the basic political system of China feudal society. The appointment of bureaucrats and the power of bureaucrats come from the monarch, and bureaucrats only need to be responsible to the monarch and act according to the will of the monarch. Not satisfied? Imperial edict? Be demoted, expelled, and even in danger of decapitation and genocide. The relationship between monarch and bureaucrat is the relationship between master and slave. Feudal thinkers summed up these relations as an unavoidable ethical principle, namely? Are you a minister? And set many rules and regulations for the courtiers' behavior, called? Chen Dao? . When this theory develops to the extreme, it becomes? You want me to die, but I have to die. Stupid loyalty thoughts.
This series of thoughts can be summed up in three concepts developed from Dong Zhongshu:? Three cardinal guides and five permanent members? Sacred right? Heaven-man induction? . These thoughts defended the sanctity and rationality of the feudal landlord class rule and hierarchical order, became the basic theory of China's feudal autocratic rule, and were maintained and advocated by rulers of past dynasties, which played a role in imprisoning people's thoughts and behaviors, while maintaining the extraordinary stability of China's feudal society.
At the bottom of the pagoda are the broad masses of Li people, who, as the bottom and ruled layer of the whole society, are in the basic part of the whole ruling order and bear the oppression and exploitation of the ruling class with perseverance. ? Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer. ? When the dynasty changed, the broad masses of the people helped the new monarch to the throne with their own bones; With the development of society, they created the prosperity and stability of society with their diligence and diligence, and provided the emperors and their families with luxuries to maintain their luxurious life. The strength of the people is weak, but it is beyond their limits and the destructive power is amazing. History has witnessed the "power" of this change, which made emperors and landlords dare not ignore the power of the people easily, thus forming a long history of China culture? People-oriented thought? It has become a red line running through feudal political thought and still has a positive reference function in real politics.
Due to the deceptive propaganda of rulers and the beautification of imperial literati, this autocratic ruling order is rarely questioned. From the outstanding intellectuals of the landlord class to the ordinary people, most people agree with this ruling order, and even take it for granted and never change? God bless? . With the gradual decline of feudal society, capitalist relations of production gradually sprouted, and the landlord class intellectuals who experienced social upheaval in Ming and Qing dynasties began to realize the ancient feudal system? There is a tendency to change? (Gu) Therefore, they set off the climax of ideological reflection and criticism with grief and indignation. Gu is one of them. His book "Ming Yi Waiting for an Interview" systematically reflects and criticizes the elements of authoritarian regime, showing the seeds of early democratic thoughts. In Yuan Jun, Huang Zongxi first investigated the origin of the monarch, and pointed out that the monarch's duty is to benefit the world and eliminate the harmful effects. What should be the relationship between the monarch and the world? The world is dominant. Are you a guest? . In the original minister, he subverted the master-slave relationship between the monarch and the minister, pointing out? Jun and Chen, * * * who is dragging the wood? It is proposed that the relationship between monarch and minister should be mutual cooperation.
Third, introduce the contents of the two books in combination with the unit description.
Zhenguan politicians embody the art of governing the country within the framework of absolute monarchy. As an enlightened monarch, Emperor Taizong dared to speak out and actively coachable, which reduced the possible disadvantages of absolute monarchy to a certain extent and laid the foundation for the prosperity of feudal society in China.
Ming Yi Waiting for an Interview is a sober and profound criticism and reflection on the autocratic monarchy by progressive intellectuals at the end of feudal society. One is a summary of the emperor's thought of governing the country, and the other is a criticism of the emperor's autocracy. By comparing these two texts, students can fully understand ancient Chinese political thoughts and draw the essence from them.
Fourth, students should read the full text with accurate pronunciation and clear sentences.
Pseudo color will be saved by loyal and fortunate ministers, so the ancient Lord will have seven contending ministers.
I wish I could be as crazy as I am now. If I were a scholar, I would see both beauty and evil.
Wait for a few people to make up a group of injured female workers.
Second lesson
First, read the full text.
Read the first paragraph by yourself with the help of notes. Students ask questions and teachers and students answer questions.
Third, according to students' questions, teachers remind students to pay attention to:
1, rectification: Correct the death order (it) until it dies (finally): soon.
G: All of you.
2. This section mainly has two meanings: First, Emperor Taizong's positive attitude of seeking advice; Second, Emperor Taizong's understanding of remonstrance.
3. Use analogy and contrast, hypothesis and examples.
4, dialectical point of view:
In this passage, Emperor Taizong expressed his vision of the ideal government operation mode-cooperation between monarch and minister, which was convincing to the discussion of the relationship between monarch and minister. However, in the ancient political structure dominated by the emperor, the status of the emperor and the courtiers was not equal, and whether this government operation mode can be carried out smoothly mainly depends on the emperor. Despite the demise of the Sui Dynasty? Jaw? Investigate its reason, but the root cause of this situation is because of Yang Di? Tyranny? .
Fourth, self-study the second paragraph, the method is similar to the previous paragraph.
The teacher reminded the students:
1, Zhi: times of acquisition: multiple times.
The monarch and his subjects discussed the protest.
3. Use the methods of comparison and metaphor.
Comparative argument: there are two kinds of good and evil in both monarch and minister, and the combination of good and evil can not make the country peaceful. This is an argument from the opposite side, which is intended to show that there is only a combination of the Lord and the minister. When we met, were we like fish and water? , to? Heineken? .
Metaphorically speaking, fish can live only with water, and become a dead fish without water.
Wood can be sawed straight with chalk lines, which means that the monarch will be enlightened if he adopts rules.
For example, the ancient lords had seven courtiers.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Read the first and second paragraphs aloud.
The third category
First, translate sentences without reading books.
1, as for the tyranny of Emperor Yang Di? A protest must be made.
Your majesty has a sacred heart, and he is very satisfied with it. I'm really mad at my outspoken attitude.
Second, learn three or four paragraphs.
1. Read aloud before reading.
2、? Boot car? Translate sentences.
3. Summarize this paragraph.
The third paragraph: Emperor Taizong asked his courtiers to actively remonstrate and be remonstrated.
The fourth paragraph: Emperor Taizong explained that he hoped to get coachable's kindness.
3. Remind students to pay attention to words.
Third, read five or six paragraphs aloud.
Homework: translate five or six paragraphs.
the fourth lesson
Learn paragraphs 5 and 6.
1, read it together.
2. Answer the students' questions.
The teacher reminds the students to pay attention to the related words and phrases.
Carving harms farmers and weaving harms women workers. Initiate extravagance and gradually die. Lacquerware emerges one after another, and there must be gold to make it.
Therefore, I will gradually advise him, and he will be full, and there is nothing to advise.
Or in its gradual progress, or will end.
I didn't stop changing.
Ask the students to summarize this paragraph in one sentence.
Emperor Taizong emphasized the importance of coachable.
The words of the monarch and the minister.
Second, discuss.
1. Do you still need it in real life? Suggestion? Really?
2. talk about it? What is the most inspiring criticism or suggestion for me? .
Third, do exercises after class.