Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the whole life and the affairs of the country. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu. [
2. Du Fu's translation of The History of Poetry is also called Du Gongbu, a poet and saint of Du Fu, with beautiful words. He came from Xiangyang first, and his great-grandfather booked Gongxian county with his skill, right here in me. Fu Tianbao should be a scholar in his early years, not just. Later, he presented a "three gifts". Strangely, he was the protagonist of the article and was awarded the position of soldier Cao of Jingzhao Prefecture. The Anshi Rebellion captured the capital, and Su Zong ascended the throne as Lingwu. Just after fleeing from the rebels to Hangzai, he was left there to meet him. In order to save the house, he became the secretary of Huazhou and joined the army. Hunger and turmoil in Guanzhong, living in Tonggu County and the same state, collecting firewood in person and feeding dry food are not enough. For a long time, I was called to make up for the Jing Zhao Fu Gong Cao, and the road was difficult. Yanwu, who was guarding Chengdu, was given red as a captain's staff officer and foreign minister. Wu Hegang took the place of Lao and treated him well. Planting bamboo in Huanhuaxi, Chengdu, building houses by the river, drinking and singing. King Wu died and no one supported him, so he went to Shu and went to Gao Shi. Die as soon as you arrive. This year, Shu Shuai attacked and killed each other, causing chaos in Shu. I have just taken refuge in Chu with my family. There is no boat moored in the canyon under the boat, and Jiangling is also chaotic. So I went upstream along Xiangjiang River, went to Hengshan Mountain and lived in Leiyang. She died at the age of 59. During the Yuanhe period, he was buried in shouyangshan, Yanshi, the tomb of Yuan Zhen. During the Tianbao period, Du Fu and Li Bai were equally famous, and they were called Du Li at that time.
3. Du Fu's translation of classical Chinese. Thank you, Du Fu:
1. The important historical events that are often mentioned are reflected in his poems. In the first year of Zhide (756), Tang Tao was defeated obliquely, and was later defeated by the Qing class. Du Fu had a sad Chen Tao and a sad Qingban. After recovering the two capitals, Du Fu wrote "Three Poems of Receiving Beijing" and "I am glad to hear that the government troops have been in the thief's territory for 20 rhymes"; Nine quarters of troops surrounded Yecheng, and it seems that victory is just around the corner. Du Fu wrote "Washing the Soldiers and Horses", in which he mentioned that the news of victory came one after another, and the Uighur army assisted in the operation, and was given preferential treatment in Chang 'an, and made meritorious deeds in counterinsurgency. "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" were made in the ninth quarter when Yecheng was defeated and recruited troops along the way.
2. Some of Du Fu's poems can also make up for historical losses. For example, in "Three Exquisites", the history of killing Yuzhou and Kaizhou is written, but there is no historical record. From Du Fu's poems, we can see the chaos in Shu after An Shi Rebellion. Memories of Time Past describes the prosperous scene of Kaiyuan. His poems provide historical facts, which can prove history and make up for its shortcomings.
3. Du Fu's poems provide a broader, more concrete and more vivid picture of life than events. For example, "From Beijing to Fengxian, recite 500 words". Although some of his poems do not directly write about current events, they only write about his own feelings. However, because he is in a turbulent war, he is closely related to this disaster, his heart is on the right track, and his feelings are not divorced from the current situation. So from his feelings, we can feel some psychological state of society at that time. From the perspective of understanding the true face of history, this kind of poetry also has poetic historical significance.
4. History of Poetry Du Fu's Classical Chinese Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Xiangyang, Han nationality, and later moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province.
[1][2] Shao Ling Ye Lao, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, was also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
[1] Du Fu had a profound influence on China's classical poetry, and was called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems were called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the whole life and the affairs of the country.
Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure".
Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.
5. In Du Fu's poems, Du Fu, a classical stone trench official in China, threw himself into the stone trench village at dusk, and officials arrested people at night.
The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch. Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? After listening to his wife, he said, "Three men are guarding Yecheng.
One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson.
And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out. Although an old woman is weak, please come back at night.
If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning. "Night long voice, such as the smell of crying.
Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone. In the spring of the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), six hundred thousand troops from nine provinces including Guo Ziyi surrounded Yecheng Anqingxu. Due to the disunity of command, the whole army was defeated by Shi Siming reinforcements.
In order to supplement the troops, the Tang Dynasty forcibly arrested people from Luoyang West to Tongguan as soldiers, and the people were miserable. At this time, Du Fu is returning to Huazhou from Luoyang via Tongguan.
From what I saw and heard along the way, I wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Li Shihao is one of the three officials.
The theme of the whole poem is to expose the brutality of officials and reflect the sufferings of the people through the image description of "officials arresting people at night". The first four sentences can be regarded as the first paragraph.
The first sentence "cast stone ditch village at dusk", come straight to the point and tell the story directly. The words "dusk", "vote" and "village" need to be pondered, so don't let them go easily.
In feudal society, due to social disorder and desolate journey, tourists "stay while there is still time", not to mention in the era of war and disaster! Du Fu, on the other hand, hurried to a small village for the night at dusk. This unusual scene is very enlightening. It is conceivable that he either didn't dare to go this way at all; Or the nearby towns are empty and have nowhere to rest; Or ..... In short, a few words not only pointed out the time and place of stay, but also told the whole story about the panic, restlessness and everything out of the normal track, which provided a typical environment for the performance of tragedy.
Pu Qilong pointed out that this poem "A tiger catches people" ("Reading Du Xin Jie") is not only about "arresting people at the official night", but also about the environment of the first sentence. The sentence "arresting people at the night of being an official" is the outline of the whole article, and the following plots all come from here.
Saying "arresting people" instead of "recruiting soldiers", "counting soldiers" and "recruiting soldiers" is exposed and criticized in the truthful description. Coupled with the word "night", the meaning is even richer.
First, it shows that the government's "arresting people" often happens, and people hide or resist during the day and cannot "catch" them; Second, it shows that the means of "arresting people" by county officials is vicious, and they make a sudden attack at night when the people have fallen asleep. At the same time, the poet threw himself into Shihao Village at dusk. Several hours have passed from dusk to night, and of course he has fallen asleep by this time. So he didn't take part in the later activities, but heard them through the door.
The phrase "the old man crosses the wall and the old woman goes out" shows that the people have suffered from Ding for a long time and have no peace day and night; Even in the middle of the night, I still fidgeted. As soon as I heard the noise outside the door, I knew that the county officials had come to "arrest people" again. The old man immediately fled over the wall, and the old woman opened the door to deal with it. These sixteen sentences can be regarded as the second paragraph, from "why do officials get angry when they shout" to "it is better to prepare for cooking in the morning"
"History is called a what anger! Why do women cry! " In two sentences, the sharp contradiction between "official" and "female" is summarized extremely incisively and vividly, and written vividly. A "shout", a "cry", an "anger" and a "bitterness" form a strong contrast; The two adverbials "Yihe" add a sense of * * *, effectively rendering the violent momentum of the county magistrate, clamoring for sudden death, and creating an angry atmosphere for the old woman's complaint below.
The two sides of the contradiction have a master-slave and causal relationship. "Why do women cry" is forced by "why do officials cry and get angry".
Below, the poet no longer writes "official call", but writes "women cry" and "official call" to see himself. "Listen to your wife first" is a link between the preceding and the following.
That "listening" is the poet's "listening" and that "delivering a speech" is the old woman's "bitter cry" in response to the county magistrate's "angry cry". Thirteen poems with the content of "making a speech" have changed their rhymes many times, with obvious turning points, suggesting that county officials "shouted angrily" and pressed the topic many times.
When reading these thirteen poems, don't think that the "old woman" said them all at once, while the county officials are all ears. In fact, "Why are officials angry?" Why do women cry? "Not only at the beginning of the activity, but also until the end of the activity.
It is the first turning point from "three people guarding Yecheng" to "the dead are gone". As you can imagine, this is the first time that county officials have forced questions and complaints.
Before this, the poet once wrote about the county officials catching tigers and arresting people with the phrase "officials catch people at night". When the old woman went out to see it, she jumped in. The thief looked everywhere, but couldn't find a man. She closed her eyes.
Then he shouted, "Where are all the men in your family? Hand it over! " The old woman sobbed and said, "All three sons are soldiers guarding Yecheng. One son just wrote that the other two sons are dead! ..... "Tears, maybe the county officials don't believe it, but also take out the letter to the county officials.
In short, "the living drag out an ignoble existence, and the dead are long gone!" " The situation is sympathetic enough, and she hopes to win the sympathy of county officials and be lenient. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate was angry again: "Is there no one else in your family? Hand it over! " She had to complain about this: "There is no one in the room, only the nursing children."
These two sentences may not be said at once, because there is an obvious contradiction between "no one" and the following answer. The reasonable explanation is: the old woman said first: "There is no one at home!" " "At this time, hiding somewhere in the daughter-in-law's arms, my grandson was scared to cry by the roar, but it didn't help to cover his mouth.
So the county magistrate seized the handle and threatened: "How dare you lie! Isn't there a child crying? " The old woman had no choice but to say, "There is only one grandson! Still eating milk, very small! " "Who eats milk? There must be a mother! Don't hand her over! " What the old lady was worried about finally happened! She had to bite the bullet and explain: "The grandson had a mother, and her husband died in Yecheng, and he didn't remarry because he had to nurse. Pity her rags, how can she meet people! Do me a favor! " ("Grandma didn't go, the skirt didn't end", and some notebooks read "Grandma is not easy to get out, and the official didn't end the skirt", which shows that the county official wants her to come out.
6. What "history of poetry" did Du Fu write? Most of Du Fu's poems describe the sufferings of the people in the "An Shi Rebellion" and reflect the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, people call his poems "the history of poetry".
The Anshi Rebellion is over. This is, after all, a happy thing for people who have suffered from war and are looking forward to stability.
Du Fu, a poet in exile in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan), was ecstatic and burst into tears when he heard the news. Du Fu has a beautiful saying.
Like Li Bai, he is one of the most famous great poets in the Tang Dynasty. In the history of literature, people collectively called them "Du Li".
Du Fu was originally from Gongxian County, Henan Province. He was born and raised in a declining bureaucratic family. He studied hard since childhood, traveled to many famous mountains and rivers, and wrote many excellent poems. In his thirties, he met Li Bai in Luoyang.
Du Fu is eleven years younger than Li Bai. The two men have different personalities, but their common interests make them bosom friends.
Later, I went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam. At this time, it was the time when the traitor Li came to power. Li is most jealous of scholars, fearing that these lower-class scholars will become officials and discuss state affairs, which will be bad for him. So he colluded with the examiner and lied to Xuanzong that the candidates didn't do well in the exam and none of them passed. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was wondering, and Li wrote another congratulatory letter, saying that this just shows that the emperor is wise, the talented people have been appointed, and there are no talents left by the people.
Scholars at that time regarded the imperial examination as a way to find a way out. Du Fu was depressed, so it goes without saying that he was depressed. He lived a poor and miserable life in Chang 'an, witnessed the luxury of the powerful and the miserable sight of the poor starving in the cold wind, and could not restrain his indignation, so he accused this injustice with poetry.
"The wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death" is his immortal poem. Du Fu stayed in Chang 'an for ten years, and the An-Shi Rebellion broke out just after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made him an official post.
Everyone in Chang 'an area has escaped. Du Fu's family, also crowded in the ranks of refugees, went through hardships and finally found a village and settled down.
Just then, he heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and left home to find Su Zong. Unexpectedly, I met rebels on the way and was arrested in Chang 'an. Chang 'an has fallen into the hands of the rebels, who are burning and looting everywhere, and the palace houses are in flames.
Some officials in the Tang Dynasty surrendered, and some were sent to Luoyang by rebels. After Du Fu was arrested in Chang 'an, the rebel leader saw that he didn't look like a big official and let him go.
In the second year, Du Fu escaped from Chang 'an and found that Tang Suzong had gone to Fengxiang (now Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province), so he rushed to Fengxiang to see Su Zong. Du Fu was so poor at that time that he didn't even have a decent suit. He was wearing a ragged coat with bare elbows and a pair of old Ma Xie on his feet.
Tang Suzong expressed his appreciation for Du Fu's long journey to the imperial court and appointed him as the left gleaner. Zuo Shiyi is an exhorter.
Although Tang Suzong gave Du Fu the position, he didn't take his meaning seriously. Du Fu started the uprising in earnest. Soon after, Premier Gui Fang was dismissed by Tang Suzong. Du Fu thought that Gui Fang was very talented and should not be dismissed, so he went to court to remonstrate with Su Zong.
Gal, we have sinned against Sue, fortunately, someone said a good word in front of Tang Suzong, just let him go home. After Tang Jun recovered Chang 'an, Du Fu followed many officials back to Chang 'an.
Tang Suzong sent him to Huazhou (now Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province) to be a small official in charge of sacrifice and school work. Du Fu came to Iowa with frustration.
At that time, Chang 'an and Luoyang were recaptured by loyalists, but the Anshi Rebellion was not eliminated and the war was still fierce. Tang Jun has recruited able-bodied men everywhere to supplement troops, and the people can't live.
One day, Du Fu passed Shihao Village (in the southeast of Shaanxi County, Henan Province), and it was very late. He went to a poor family for the night and was received by the old farmer and his wife.
In the middle of the night, when he was tossing and turning, there was a sudden knock at the door. Du Fu listened quietly in the room, only to hear the old man next door climb over the back wall and escape. The old lady answered the door at the same time.
Officials sent by the government to arrest able-bodied men entered the house. They screamed and asked the old woman, "Where is your man?" The old woman cried and said, "My three children have all gone to Yecheng to fight. Two days ago, a son wrote that both brothers had died on the battlefield. There is only one daughter-in-law and one nursing grandson at home.
Who else do you want? "The old woman said many entreaties, but the police officers still refused to give up. The old woman had no choice but to be taken away by the officers and go to the barracks to work as a coolie for the soldiers.
At dawn, Du Fu went out and the old farmer was the only one to see him off. Du Fu was very upset when he saw this sad scene with his own eyes. He wrote this story into a poem called "The Stone Excavator".
When he was in Iowa, he wrote six such poems, which were collectively called "three officials and three parting" (Shi Haoguan, Tongguan official, Xin 'an official, newly married, resigned, homeless). The following year, he resigned from his office in Iowa.
Then, there was a drought in Guanzhong, and Du Fu was so poor that he took his family into exile in Chengdu. With the help of friends, he built a thatched cottage near Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs of Chengdu and lived in seclusion for nearly four years. Later, because his friend died, he had no one to rely on in Chengdu, so he took his family into exile in the East.
In 770 AD, he died of poverty and illness on a boat in Xiangjiang River. After his death, people kept his residence in Chengdu in memory of this great poet. This is the famous "Du Fu Caotang".
7. Classical Chinese, Du Fu's brief introduction, translated by Du Fu, whose word is beautiful, was originally from Xiangyang, and his great-grandfather Du Fu was a magistrate of the commons, so Du Fu lived in Gong County. Du Fu Tianbao (Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty) failed the exam in his early years, and later presented the emperor with "three gifts". Tang Xuanzong was shocked by him and called to try his article. The Anshi Rebellion captured the capital, and Tang Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu. Du Fu secretly rushed to Lingwu where Tang Suzong was located from the city under the jurisdiction of the rebels, and sealed Zuo Shiyi's official position. Later, in order to save the Prime Minister Fang Guan, he argued and angered Su Zong, and was demoted to join the army in other places as a secretary in Huazhou.
During the famine and war in Guanzhong area, Du Fu lived in Tonggu County, Tongzhou, and received his salary in person, but he still could not support his family. After a long time, the emperor summoned a gongcao from Jingzhao Mansion, who didn't go to his post because the road was blocked. Yanwu, who was stationed in Chengdu, asked Du Fu to be a member of the staff and the Ministry of Industry. Wu and Fu are family friends and are well paid. Du Fu planted bamboo and trees in Huanhua, Chengdu, built a thatched cottage along the river, and drank and sang. After Yanwu's death, Du Fu went to Shu Dong to find Gao Shi. When I arrived in Shudong, Gao Shi had just died. This year, the generals in the middle of Shu attacked each other and Sichuan was disrupted. Du Fu took his family to Jingchu to avoid chaos, and took a boat down the river, passing through the Three Gorges, but the boat had not stopped yet, and Jiangling was in a state of war. Du Fu had no choice but to travel back to Hengshan along Xiangjiang River and live in Leiyang. She was 59 years old when she died. Yuan He Zhong was buried in shouyangshan, Yanshi, and Yuan Zhen wrote his epitaph. In Tianbao, Du Fu was as famous as Li Bai, and was called Du Li at that time.
8. Du Fu's poems, classical Chinese "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower" In the spring of the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu went out of the gorge from Kuizhou and lived in Jiangling, public security and other places because of the chaos of war.
This winter, Du Fu went to Yueyang from the police. This poem was written after boarding Yueyang Tower. The poet wrote the extraordinary momentum of Wang Yang in Dongting Lake, which also touched the scene and hurt him, and wrote his own bleak and lonely life, which reflected the poet's anxiety and concern about the current situation.
The rhyme of the whole poem is accurate, and it is set off before and after, which is seamless. Up the Mountain was written by Du Fu in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767) when he was in Kuizhou.
Kuizhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years through mountaineering, which is impassioned and touching.
Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan), and Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" is even more amazing, and it is the highest of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times. In the spring of the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), nine armies surrounded An Qingxu in Yecheng. Due to the disunity of command, the whole army was defeated by Shi Siming reinforcements.
In order to supplement the troops, the Tang Dynasty forcibly arrested people from Luoyang West to Tongguan as soldiers, and the people were miserable. At this time, Du Fu is returning to Huazhou from Luoyang via Tongguan.
From what I saw and heard along the way, I wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Li Shihao is one of the three officials.
The theme of the whole poem is to expose the brutality of officials and reflect the sufferings of the people through the image description of "officials arresting people at night"