On the evening of August 15 last year, next to the apricot garden by Qujiang Pool.
On the night of August 15 this year, in front of Songpu Shatou Water Hall.
Where is the hometown in the northwest and the full moon in the southeast.
Yesterday, the wind blew and no one would meet. Tonight, the light is as clear as usual.
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The central word of the song "Looking at the Moon" is both narrative and behavior, and its modifiers are "The Night of August 15th" and "Pavilion", which not only limits the specific environment of looking at the moon, but also highlights the action of looking at the moon and strengthens the disc appearance of looking at the moon. Obviously, this "looking" month has aroused the poet's feelings.
In fact, the poet is faced with the feeling of life caused by the moon at this specific time and space, and the first connection of poetry is the poet's concern for the moon. Logically, we should look up at the moon on the night of August 15th this year in front of Pushatou Water Hall, and think of the moonlight scene on the night of August 15th last year, next to the apricot garden beside Qujiang Pool. Shi Fei, on the other hand, describes the past year from the opposite side, depicting a picture of the Mid-Autumn Moon, Qujiang pond and the royal banquet. Poems have different responses at the beginning of writing, telling them to interweave in the past and sing every night. Only in this way can couplets retreat to the front of Songpu Shatou Water Pavilion this year. The brighter the prosperous past, the more I feel compared with today's sadness, and the resulting disparity between the past and the present is like the sadness of falling from heaven to hell. However, in the 28 words of the two couplets, the poet repeatedly repeated "the night of August 15", which obviously brought shock and pain to the poet's mind. Let the poet look back at yesterday's joy and taste the loneliness and bitterness in front of him alone. The poem uses the method of comparing the past and the present at a glance. In fact, each couplet is about time, place and scene, and the comparison is not only about time, but also about the artistic conception of the scene. Tonight, we are not only looking at the moon, but also facing the similar moon scene every year, which is a sad feeling that things have changed.
In classical poetry, the moon bears more homesickness. "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and it sank back, and I suddenly thought of home." "I'm worried about the bright moon, and I'm going to follow you to Yelang West." "The bright moon shines on tall buildings, with radiant light." The connotations of these moons are all based on spatial distance. And the moon will also have the concept of time, but it has become an eternal life, thus showing the pain of life. "Life is endless from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is similar year after year. I don't know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but when I see the Yangtze River delivering water (Zhang Moonlight on the Spring River), Huaidong Old Moon Crossing the Female Wall in the Middle of the Night (Liu Yuxi's Stone City) and When is the Autumn Moon on the Spring River? How much is known from the past (Yu Meiren by Li Yu), the moon images in these poems all point to the concept of time, highlighting the helplessness left by human feelings to individual life.
This contrast is still very common in ancient poetry. "I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I finally climb this tower" (Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower") existed in the past, but I don't know why I didn't have a chance to climb it until now, revealing the poet's endless helplessness and sadness about life. In fact, Bai Juyi also hinted at the helplessness and sadness that he could not dominate his destiny in the comparison.
The first couplet of the poem shows the poet's pain in many ways. In fact, it is a cross-sectional comparison of life. How does poetry complete the turning point of content? From the content, the tie involves homesickness and the full moon, which looks like homesickness on the surface, but the psychology reflected by the "homesickness" behavior is saturated with the poet's loneliness and bitterness, and this kind of psychology tries to send him away through homesickness. As a result, he does not look forward to his hometown, but once again strengthens the lonely experience of the subject. "Looking at the moon" means looking at the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is a full moon, but the behavior of asking questions is actually "it is several times the circle". Obviously, this full moon is not round in the poet's eyes. This kind of questioning reflects the poet's inner loneliness from the external Mid-Autumn Moon. The performance art of "homesickness" and "looking at the moon" is a contradiction and confusion that can be seen but not seen, and it is the psychological result of the poet's extreme loneliness. "Looking at the hometown in the northwest" and "Looking at the bright moon in the southeast" are actually intertextual rhetoric. In Quentin by Peng Pu, I can imagine a person's anxiety and eagerness to wait and see, hoping to see my hometown bring me warmth, and a bright moon in my heart cares for me, but it has got the opposite result, adding endless sadness to the poet.
The twists and turns of poetry highlight the loneliness of the poet's relegation, and the poet reproduces the autumn wind and moonlight in detail at the end. "Autumn wind and autumn rain are sad", but in the past days, "no one will know when the wind blew yesterday", and no one can understand the coolness of this biting autumn wind. It must be that people are immersed in ruthless joy and forget the cold of autumn wind, which highlights the poet's cheerful feeling in the past. Tonight is as clear as usual. First, it is said that the moon tonight is similar to previous years. Just metonymy, the prominent moon is still the past moon, suggesting that people are no longer the enthusiastic people in the past, and compared with previous poems, they are helpless and painful to take care of things. Secondly, it is said that the moon tonight is the same as in previous years, but it is extremely cold when the moonlight shines on the body. Being in the environment of "in front of Pushatou Shuige" made my heart cold, and poetry further strengthened the sense of sadness and loss brought by the poet's relegation to May.
After reading this poem, I can't help being moved by it. Bai Juyi reproduces his sadness in such a changeable way that I can't help but marvel at the poet's skill in poetry and describe his invisible sadness between scales!
Poetry about Mid-Autumn Festival: Playing the Moon in Taoyuan on the night of August 15th.
From the Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi's "Playing the Moon in Taoyuan on August 15th"
Seeing the moon in the dust is also idle, and love is between the fairy houses in the clear autumn.
Condensed light and cold dew fell, standing on the mountain at this time.
Blue is nothing but Feng Yun, and Songshan grows in the water.
A group of people are moving leisurely, and Gogoing is thousands of miles away.
Shao Jun led me to the jade altar and invited the real fairy officer to come from afar.
The clouds are trying to move under the starry sky, and the sky is screaming with cold.
Jin Xin gradually moved eastward, and the shadow of the wheel still rose.
It is difficult to get back together when it is absolutely beautiful, and he should be disappointed on this day.
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This poem has sixteen sentences, and every four sentences have a rhyme, and each rhyme is a natural paragraph. The first paragraph is about playing with the moon in Taoyuan, with the scenery of the moon and the feeling of playing. The second paragraph is about the night of August 15th. The moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival contrasts with the landscape of heaven and earth illuminated by moonlight. The third paragraph is romantic imagination, which describes the feeling of becoming an immortal, from scenery to emotion, producing nature; In the last paragraph, I dragged myself back from my imagination, wrote about sunrise and sunset, and even expressed my feelings about "perfect time" After leaving Taoyuan, it is difficult to relive its significance. The scenery of the whole poem changes at any time, and the artistic conception changes with the scene, which has a sense of ups and downs.
On the surface, this poem can be classified as a fairy poem, which makes the Mid-Autumn Festival night a dream. In particular, the phrase "falling flowers and cold dew, standing on the top of the mountain at this time" has become a buzzword in the Mid-Autumn Festival. As for how other appreciators understand it, it can be said that one hundred people have one hundred solutions. Liu Yuxi was frustrated as an official, and in the second half of the commentary, the fairy palace was compared to the imperial court, looking forward to an early return; Some people interpret the first half as "cold dew falling" to refer to the impermanence of life, saying that this is Liu Yuxi's emotional work on life. Perhaps this understanding just reflects the colorful artistic charm of the "poet" works.
The Origin of Killing Tartars on August 15th of Mid-Autumn Festival
There is a story about the origin of Mid-Autumn Festival, in which Han compatriots killed Man Zi on August 15. Man Zi refers to the Yi people.
However, there is no conclusive evidence in the local area, but the story of killing Tartars on August 15th is widely circulated in China. Perhaps this is the tense period of ethnic relations in the old society, just a different interpretation of the same story.
So, what about killing Tatars on August 15? Let's take a closer look.
Killing Tatars on August 15th is a widely circulated story in China, also known as the full moon killing Tatars. The story tells the story of the successful uprising in Liu Bowen at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the Mid-Autumn Festival reunion. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, every family eats moon cakes. According to the older generation, the custom of eating moon cakes is related to the legend of "killing Tartars on August 15th" circulated in Fuyang.
The Chinese name "Killing Tartars on August 15th" is a story widely circulated in China. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, it was also called "Full Moon Killing Tartars".
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According to legend, during the Yuan Dynasty, the broad masses of people in the Central Plains rebelled against the cruel rule of the Mongols. Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to unite the resistance forces, and the officers and men of the Yuan Dynasty searched closely, but the news could not be transmitted. So Liu Bowen came up with a plan, ordered Wang Zhaoguang to make a cake, and hid the note of the August 15th uprising in the cake. Then they were sent to the uprising troops in various places, informing them to respond to the uprising on the evening of August 15. Therefore, the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown in one fell swoop. To commemorate this achievement, the custom of eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival has been handed down. Especially in the north, there is a saying that Tatars were killed on August 15th.
Details of the story
At the end of Yuan Shundi, people in Liu Futong, Yingzhou and other places rose up and the court was uneasy. In order to consolidate the reactionary rule, they sent troops to suppress the rebels bloody, and at the same time sent Tatars to control every household. Everyone was miserable.
The Tatars who live at home are evil gangsters. Not only will the weapons be confiscated, but even the kitchen knife will be kept by him. When it is used, it will be put away and returned immediately. Every family with an eldest daughter or a little daughter-in-law has to pay a high price to buy a threshold from him. Anyone who doesn't buy a threshold, whether it's a girl's room or a bridal chamber, can go in and out at will and sleep with whoever he wants. If he takes money to buy a threshold, he will behave himself. There is no fixed price for this thing. He can say whatever he wants, and you are not allowed to talk back. In this way, if the rich can afford it, the poor will be in trouble, and a threshold will bankrupt you. If you really can't afford it, your wife and daughter will have to let it spoil.
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The Dalai Lama is more noble than his ancestors. He will eat all the good things and use them all. If he is a little unhappy, he will either hit you, scold you or even kill you. Usually three friends and four friends get together, or two people whisper in one place. If you want to provoke him, he falsely accused you of trying to rebel, even losing your life. So at that time, the lights were blown when it was dark, and no one dared to walk around to avoid disaster.
Imagine that this tyrannical rule was not a day or two, or ten and a half months, and people just gritted their teeth and survived. Who can eat for a few years? So hot-blooded men, some risking their lives, followed Zhu Yuanzhang's uprising to eradicate tyranny. But after all, the management is too strict, the card is too dead, and there are not many people in the uprising, so they can't beat the Yuan soldiers. What shall we do? Zhu Yuanzhang asked the strategist Liu Bowen for advice. Liu Bowen can pinch and calculate. Full of strategy, he pondered for a while and said: everyone in the world has a deep hatred for the Tatars. If everyone works together in Qi Xin, don't say that there is only one Tatar in a family, even if there are two Tatars, they can be wiped out. Zhu Yuanzhang said with a frown, what you said is very reasonable. It's just that the country has too many people. What's the secret to tell them to work together? If the news gets out, everyone will be robbed. Liu Bowen twisted his beard and smiled: Don't worry, I have my own clever plan.
On the fourteenth and fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, cakes are sold everywhere in shops and beaches. Some people can't afford it, so some people give it away. The Dalai son didn't understand, so he asked, what is this? People told them: This is a moon cake, which was made by Yue Bai on August 15. So they let their guard down and stopped asking questions. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, every family takes out moon cakes and melons to celebrate the moon. After the ceremony, everyone sat around a table to enjoy the moon and drink. The Dalai Lama also took advantage of the excitement and got drunk. Finally, break the moon cakes so that they can be separated. There is a thin paper in each moon cake, which reads: Please kill your Tatar soldier tonight. Tatar soldiers don't understand Chinese, and they ask blankly, what is that? Some people say that this is a cake core, some people say that it is a wish for your family reunion, and some people say that the goddess of the moon makes you safe. They believe it, giggle happily and mutter: You Han people are so interesting, so many tricks!
When the time came, some Tatar soldiers were drunk, some fell asleep and some were still laughing. Everyone hates the Dalai Lama, and the family is easy to discuss. When they blink and touch their arms and arms, they all understand. It's not easy for hundreds of people to kill one person. When the Tatars slept at night, they began to hit them on the head with wooden sticks and farm tools. The villages began to work together, only to hear a sigh here and a sigh there. Without a meal, all the arrogant Tatar soldiers on weekdays were reimbursed.
This is a festive night. After completing the task of killing the enemy, families went out of their homes and asked each other: Did you Tatars kill them? Killed! What about yours? Of course it's long gone! So people beat gongs and drums and set off firecrackers.
Since then, the custom of eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival has been passed down to this day. During the Cultural Revolution, moon cakes were once renamed Harvest Cake and Loyalty Cake, but the masses didn't buy it, and they were still called moon cakes.
The origin and spread of the story
The time and place of this incident are not recorded in various chronicles, but only in legends and stories. The embryonic form of the story can be found in Xu Dalong's "The Record of Embers", which was first published in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. It describes the local abuse of Mongolian soldiers after they entered Wuxian County, Suzhou. Later, someone picked up the history of the Yuan Dynasty, adapted it from the records of the abuse of government in the Yuan Dynasty, and then regarded Liu Bowen as the mastermind of the moon cake communication, and synthesized a complete legendary story of killing Tatar on August 15th.
This story combines the legend of Baking Song, which predicted the demise of Manchu by Liu Bowen. It was alluded to Manchu by Mongolia, and cooperated with the propaganda of expelling Tatars and restoring the Han revolution in China, which spread rapidly in the anti-Manchu wave from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. It has become a Mid-Autumn Festival folk custom handed down from family.
As can be seen from the above, the source of killing Tatars on the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th is not necessarily true, but in the period of serious ethnic conflicts, some stories were spoiled and used to spread their own ideas and confuse people's psychology. The legend of killing Man Zi in Liangshan on August 15th probably came from this.