Su Dongpo's charm fascinates everyone.
Why is everyone in Dongpo, Su Like? Because, in his body, what is presented is the ideal of literati; His lifestyle satisfies all the imaginations of China people about happiness, cheerfulness, optimism, humor and chic.
Lin Yutang spoke highly of him, saying that Su Dongpo is a hopeless optimist and a great humanist ... He is richer, more diverse, more humorous and more intelligent than other poets in China, but his heart is like a naive child.
Su Dongpo: The Best Taste of True Love in the World, in the form of a biography, makes a deep exploration of Su Shi's origin, growth and study, fame and official career, life wasted, love and marriage, friends and confidants, meditation and artistic life, and makes a profound anatomy of Su Dongpo, a great essayist, poet, poet, calligrapher and painter.
0 1. A misty rain will last a lifetime.
Someone once said that if you want to judge the most all-rounder in the history of China, it can only be Su Dongpo, whose prose, poetry, words, calligraphy and painting were almost the best in the world at that time; If we want to select the cutest literati in the history of China, only Su Dongpo, who can have fun in suffering and is humorous, will be selected.
Su Shi (103765438+1October 8th-165438+August 24th) is known as "Dongpo layman" and "Su Dongpo" by the world. Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou, originally from Luancheng. The famous essayist, painter, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty are the representatives of the uninhibited school. Su Xun, the father, and Su Zhe, the younger brother, are collectively known as the "Three Sus" among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and they are also one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. "Drinking on the lake is clear and rainy" is unparalleled in the ancient poems describing the West Lake.
Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is the "Su Lao Quan" mentioned in The Holy Amethyst. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. This enabled Su Shi to receive a good tutor at an early age, that is, "learning classics and history belongs to a thousand words", and also achieved literary achievements in the future.
In the first year of Jiayou, 21-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on loyalty to punishment. When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, and because of his conservative political thoughts, he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach to politics and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After leaving office, he was transferred to any county magistrate in Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people. At that time, some people deliberately distorted his poems and made a fuss in the name of satirizing the new law. In the second year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which was called "Wutai Poetry Case" in history. Thanks to Mao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi was spared.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to assistant to Ambassador Ying Yong in Huangzhou. At this time, Su Shi visited Chibi Mountain outside Huangzhou for many times, and wrote famous works such as "Red Cliff Fu", "The Queen of Red Cliff Fu" and "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" to express his thoughts and feelings in exile. Yu led his family to reclaim a sloping land in the east of the city and farm to supplement their livelihood. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".
Zhezong acceded to the throne, the high queen mother listened to politics, and Su Shi resumed his official position and entered the DPRK. When Su Shi saw the old Party in power, he attacked the exposed corruption, which aroused strong opposition from conservative forces and was falsely accused and framed.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty.
In his sixth year in Yuan You, he was recalled to North Korea, but he was soon released because of political differences. In the eighth year, Yuan You was demoted to Huiyang again. 1097, Su Shi was banished to Danzhou, a further place. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishing Hainan was only a lighter punishment than copying others. Hui Zong acceded to the throne, transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, and served as deputy special envoy and Yongzhou for resettlement. Jianzhong Jing died in Changzhou on 1920 at the age of 64, posthumous title Wenzhong (male).
Su Dongpo's life was bumpy, ups and downs, ups and downs. He is always hovering between joining the WTO and being born. In the meantime, he can always turn around smartly, be contented, know himself in chaos, be himself, stick to himself, never forget himself in prosperity, never forget himself in adversity, and never change his mind.
02. Brilliant and Zen life
Su Shi is a famous essayist and one of the eight great poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. His literary works mark the highest achievement of literary creation in the Northern Song Dynasty. For example, the story of Shi Zhongshan and the story of Crane Pavilion. It is a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation with Fu on the Red Wall and Fu on the Red Wall by Hou, and it is also called Fu on the Red Wall with Ouyang Xiu.
Su Shi is a famous realistic poet, and his representative works include Five Birds Play, Liyuan, Litchi Tan and so on. There are also excellent romantic works, such as "Walking on a Trail Mountain" and "A Hundred Steps of Flood", which are full of majestic spirit. Another example is "Night Scene of the Spring River in Hui Chong" and "Drinking Lake Rain and Chuqing", which are fresh, lively and natural, especially the latter has become the eternal swan song of singing the West Lake in Hangzhou. He and Huang Tingjian, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty, are also called "Su Huang".
Su Shi is an outstanding poet. He developed the bold style of Ci, reminiscing about the past, giving answers, saying goodbye and reasoning. He also broke through the strict rhythm constraints and promoted the development of Ci. Representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou. Known as Su Xin with the outstanding poet Xin Qiji, it has a great influence on later generations.
Su Shi is also a famous calligrapher who is good at writing running script and regular script. He and Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called "Song Sijia", saying: "I can't write books with my heart"; There is another saying: "Do not practice the ancients, but seek innovation". In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive, so you can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy.
Su Shi is also a famous painter, who is good at painting ink bamboo and making ancient strange stones. He advocated that there should be feelings outside the painting, and there should be sustenance inside the painting, and opposed the similarity and procedural constraints. He advocated "the unity of poetry and painting, artistry and freshness" and clearly put forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the later development of "literati painting".
In fact, Su Dongpo's achievements in cooking are no less than his achievements in poetry and painting. "The good pork in Huangzhou is worthless. If you refuse to eat, the poor can't cook. I got up in the morning and played two bowls, so I was too full to care. " Su Dongpo loves pork so much that he even wrote a famous doggerel Ode to Pork for him. The "Dongpo Meat" handed down to this day is a good proof. At that time, many dishes were invented, all of which were household names. As a foodie, the correspondence between Su Shi and his younger brother is natural. Often discuss food. In Huizhou, he wrote to his younger brother to show off eating sheep scorpions: after cooking, soak them in a little wine and bake them with some salt. It's really fun to eat them all day, just like eating crab claws.
In addition, important achievements have been made in irrigation and water conservancy, education, music, medicine, mathematics, epigraphy and aesthetics. More importantly, he himself has the ambition to help the world. Every time he goes to a new office, he tries to be people-oriented, benefit the people and leave many stories.
Su Dongpo has infinite enthusiasm and love for life. Such people will be clear and happy wherever they go.
03. Shame should be a negative flowering period, ten years of life and death.
Mentioned that "ten years of life and death are two boundless. Forget it, you'll never forget it. " I thought of Su Dongpo's first wife, Wang Fu. The human feelings are deep and affectionate. Wang Fu is smart and quiet, knowledgeable and polite, and his personality is "sensitive and quiet", which is called Su Shi's right-hand man in his official career. Secondly, Su Shi also asked Wang Fu about state affairs because he believed her. She is intelligent, knowledgeable and has read a lot of books, so she has a beautiful talk of "listening behind the scenes".
When Wang Fu died, Su Shi wrote the epitaph of his late wife Wang with deep affection. And planted 30 thousand pine trees on the mountain where Wang Fu was buried to show his condolences. Until midnight ten years later, Su Shi still couldn't forget the wonderful time he spent with Wang Fu * * *, and wrote the eternal swan song "Jiangchengzi", which made future generations cry.
"Tears dry your eyes. Traveling abroad makes me less grateful. Only one thing, still doing this. "Wang Runzhi is Su Shi's second wife. She is kind and gentle, especially taking the son of Su Shi's ex-wife as her own. She is a typical good mother. Wang Runzhi accompanied Su Shi through the ups and downs in Guan Hai. When the economy was most difficult, Su Shi and I picked wild vegetables together and plowed barefoot. The two experienced a difficult and warm time.
One hundred days after his death, he asked Li, a painter, to draw ten arhats handed down from generation to generation for his wife's dead soul. 1 1 years later, Wang Runzhi's coffin was buried with Su Shi, which truly realized the oath of living as a room and dying as a cave.
Wang Chaoyun is Su Shi's confidante and concubine. She is "as beautiful as a spring garden and her eyes are like the morning light". Wang Chaoyun is an excellent singer and dancer. She is very proficient in art, which is very popular with Su Shi. "Not appropriate, only ChaoYun can know me; A person plays the old tune and misses you every time it rains. " Wang Chaoyun followed Su Shi all his life. They lived together for 22 years and finally died of plague in Lingnan at the age of 34. Since then, Su Shi has never had a second wife.
People are soft because of love, and love moves. The most beautiful love in the world is that I like you, and you just like me, two of a kind, and we are together. It can not only add fragrance to tea, but also support it hand in hand. So much for the most beautiful feelings in the world. Together, they verify the beautiful love between men and women in the world.
Su Shi is an outstanding representative with far-reaching influence in the history of China. Su Shi's great achievements are almost unique in the history of China literature. He is really the "No.1 scholar through the ages", and his dazzling brilliance makes the whole literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty shine. Emperor Song Shenzong said incisively: "Only the talent of poetry, no knowledge of poetry." Emperor Song Xiaozong called Su Shi: "I am proud of EMI and have made my own family. I am full of glory." Wang Anshi once commented on him as: "I don't know that this character existed more than 100 years ago." Su Dongpo: The best taste of true feelings in the world embodies Su Shi's unique lifestyle and wisdom in life, and shows his unique personality charm between the lines. His unique spirit and thoughts have long been integrated into the culture and history of China, and are still influencing our endless cultural creation and inheritance.