"Book of Rites·Tan ??Gong" says: "If there is grass on the grave of a friend, one will not cry." The grass is the grass of the next year, which means that after one year, there is no need to pay tribute to the friend who has passed away. Sorrow cried. "Sucao" later became a term specifically used to refer to the loss of a friend. Here, basil generally refers to weeds. The meaning of the sentence is derived from the "Book of Rites", which is a metaphor that even though the old friend has been dead for a year, he still cannot forget his love. At that time, Wang Anshi was in Bianjing and Wang Ling's tomb was thousands of miles away in Changzhou. However, with the poet's sincere feelings and galloping imagination, a desolate and sad picture was displayed in front of the readers. The sadness is also revealed in the scenery, so he writes from the cemetery to the people who are sleeping underground.
The word "wonderful quality" is often interpreted as "wonderful moral character and outstanding talent" in later commentaries, but this is not the case. According to the last couplet of the first poem of the original poem: "I am afraid that there is no wonderful quality in the world, so I will stop swinging the catty with my nose." This is an allusion to the craftsman stone "moving the catty into the wind" in "Zhuangzi", and the "quality" here refers to arrows. Target is used as a metaphor for a confidant. Therefore, the sentence "wonderful qualities cannot be obtained by ordinary people" means that the world cannot understand Wang Fengyuan like the craftsman Shi knew the people of Ying. According to records at the time, Wang Feng was originally an arrogant person who did not want to associate with vulgar and flattering people. He even wrote on his door: "There are many people in the alleys, see what I will do? It annoys me when I come, and I don't think about it when I go." "It can be seen that his aloof and aloof character is not valued by the world, which is natural.
"Micro words" refers to the words "Zhongni did not say anything but micro words" in "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi", which means incisive and profound thoughts and speeches. This sentence says that only those who know the deceased deeply can understand his subtle words. The implication is that he is the only person who understands Wang Ling, which leads to the memories in the second line. These two sentences use allusions accurately without affecting the expressiveness of the words. Through the use of allusions, they inject vitality and rich connotations into the original boring discussion. It can be seen that Wang Anshi's skill in laying out allusions and Chen Shidao's Huang Luzhi's The poem says: "The wonderful qualities are not used by ordinary people, but the high lofty ideals are still known by old friends." This is how the couplet came out. These two sentences lament that talents are not appreciated and there are few close friends, which are related to Wang Ling and the poet himself. Although they are sighing for the poet Wang Ling, they also contain his sighs for himself.
The neck couplet recalls the lofty excitement of studying and drinking with Wang Ling. In the third year of Jia dynasty (1058), Wang Anshi proposed the Jiangdong Penal Prison and came to Poyang. Wang Ling went to Poyang to meet Wang Anshi in mid-June. The poem is about this meeting: Lushan Mountain tilted to the south, as if falling from the sky. Facing their desks, water flowed from the east, as if flowing into their wine glasses. These two sentences have become famous couplets in Wang Anshi's poems with their majestic spirit, rich imagination and refined words. Mount Lushan is as majestic as it is falling, and water is pouring from the east. It is tied with the two verbs "dang" and "enter", thus integrating the description of natural scenery and the narrative of human affairs, and it is magnificent and magnificent. One can imagine their heroic spirit and sincere friendship back then. Lushan and Penshui are their witnesses. This high-spirited style and grand artistic conception are in sharp contrast with the desolate and sad tone of the previous article. It is through this strong contrast that the poet expresses the irrepressible sadness, and at the same time, it also naturally leads to the infinite ending of the couplet. The feeling of past and present.
The poet sighed sadly: All the past events disappeared with your death, and the joyous gatherings of the past are gone forever. The whole poem ends abruptly in deep sadness.
The reason why this poem has become Wang Anshi's masterpiece is that it is filled with sincere affection, whether it is the deep longing for old friends, the regret that it is rare to find a close friend in life, or the lack of pity for God's talents. The sorrow and indignation are all from the deepest feelings. This shows that Wang Anshi is not only an iron-fisted prime minister, but also an emotional poet. This poem is expressed in the second person tone throughout, as if pouring out one's heart to an old friend, so it is sad and touching. In just eight sentences, there are descriptions of scenes, discussions, memories, and sighs, and the use of imagination, illustration, comparison and other means. In short, it reflects Wang Anshi's superb rhythmic poetry skills, so some people use this poem as the final volume of his seven-character poem. This work is not unreasonable.