Twelve reading books
Twelve reading books
Original three years ago.
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Wen | Ding Twelve
Ancient scholars in China rushed to participate in scientific research, and some even took the exam all their lives. On the one hand, they really want to realize their lofty political ideals, on the other hand, they have to admit that many people do it for official salaries. Bai Juyi has a poem, "The land is separated from 300 stones, and the Yan's age is surplus." It can be seen that the salaries of ancient officials in China are considerable. Except for the Ming Dynasty, because Zhu Yuanzhang was born in poverty, the salary of officials in the Ming Dynasty was the lowest in history.
Among the officials of past dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty was the one with the highest salary and the best treatment. On the one hand, due to the social and economic prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the largest capital in the world at that time, and it was also the creation place of Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. According to research, the GDP of the Northern Song Dynasty accounts for about 3/4 of the global economy. The earliest paper money in China appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty, which is also the earliest paper money in the world. It shows the economic prosperity of the Song Dynasty. On the other hand, the Song Dynasty "valued literature over martial arts" and treated the literati very favorably. So it was very happy to be an official in the Song Dynasty.
However, since the Song Dynasty was so kind to the scholar-officials, why did Su Dongpo cry in his letter to Qin Shaoyou: savings can last for more than one year ... that is to say, savings can last for at most one year, and after one year, there is no money to eat. So what was Su Dongpo's "salary" when he was demoted to Huangzhou?
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Let's first learn about the official salary system in the Song Dynasty. According to the Records of Official Records in the History of Song Dynasty, the salaries of officials in Song Dynasty can be roughly divided into three categories: regular salary, salary increase and professional field. Fixed wages include wages, clothing and spring and summer materials. According to records, the monthly salary of the Prime Minister and the Tang Dynasty was 300 yuan, and the clothing in spring and summer was 40 silks, 60 silks, 100 cotton, 1 piro and 100 stone. The monthly salary of local officials in big counties (more than 10,000 households) is 20 yuan, and the monthly salary of small counties is 12 yuan. Local officials are also equipped with professional fields. In addition to the fixed salary, there are various subsidies, such as tea, wine, kitchen materials, salary, Artemisia, charcoal, salt, horse feed, clothes and food for attendants, etc. The number is linked to the specific official position.
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The monthly salary of some officials in Song Dynasty
Before Yuanfeng's five-year system reform, civil servants usually had three titles: official position, official position and dispatch position. Officials, also known as bureaucrats, refer to various official titles such as six departments in three provinces and monasteries. It is only used as an official title to determine the official position and salary level, which is called a guard officer or a rank officer. When Su Shi was in Huzhou, he was a foreign minister of the ancestral department, obedient to the six products.
Location is also a qualified name. Refers to bachelor, straight bachelor, waiter system, revision, straight library, etc. In the pavilion, the actual location is called the library post. Other court and local officials often hold lower "posts", such as changing the dynasty and governing the cabinet. , called pasting a post. Except in the early Song Dynasty, they didn't hold positions, but only served as honorary titles of civil servants and needed to pass the exam. When Su Shi was in Huzhou, his "post" was the History Museum.
Dispatch is the actual duty of an official, also known as a "career official". There is no hierarchy in the ability to "send". The names of dispatched personnel often contain words such as "judging, knowing, being right, being straight, trying, checking, lifting, giving points, signing books, and supervising", such as magistrate of a county, participating in politics, knowing patents, informing the secret cabinet, judging ancestors, and mentioning prison affairs. For example, Su Shi's temporary agency is "right" when he "knows Huzhou military affairs" in Huzhou. However, it is worth mentioning that official ranks can be promoted according to seniority, and even if they are not paid, they can receive salaries according to their titles. However, it was nursed back to health according to the needs of the court and the talents of officials. Therefore, it is not the rank that really determines the real power, but the dispatch.
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Now let's see what Su Dongpo's official position was like when he was demoted to Huangzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was framed by traitors and imprisoned in Huzhou, which was known as Wutai Poetry Case. In the same year1February 26th, he was sentenced to be relegated to Huangzhou. His official title is-responsible for awarding Yuan Wailang to the water department of the school, serving as the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Yingyong, and being placed in the state capital, not allowed to sign books or do business.
Yuan Wailang of the Ministry of Water Affairs is the deputy director of the Fourth Department of Water Affairs of the Ministry of Industry, and Zhang Ji, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, also served as this official. However, there is a word "proofreading" in front. At that time, "proofreading" refers to acting as an agent or issuing titles, not being an official, that is, dismissing officials. This is the official after Su Dongpo was demoted. Look at his position again. According to the previous introduction, we can know that Su Dongpo has no "status" at this time. Let's look at him again. He was sent by Ying Yong's deputy. Ying Yong's deputy was originally a local military assistant officer, but it only existed in name only, because it was written at the back that "signing books is not allowed". Therefore, in general, Su Dongpo's official position in Huangzhou was seven-product scattered official, and he was sent to eight-product scattered official, and he had no right to participate in official duties. In fact, he is similar to an exiled official in charge of Huangzhou.
According to the "Literature General Examination", before Yuanfeng's political reform, Yong Lian's salary from Bapin Assistant Minister was "62 stones/year in Mi Lu, with a monthly salary of 650 yuan and 300 articles/month of grain (in kind). But in Su Dongpo's letter to Qin Shaoyou, he said, "When I first arrived in the Yellow River, I put all my eggs in one basket and had a large population, so I was very worried. ".
Therefore, Su Dongpo had almost no real salary during his relegation to Huangzhou. Not only does he have no income, but he doesn't even have a place to live. When Su Shi first arrived in Huangzhou and lived in Dinghui Garden, he got the famous "Don't live in Huangzhou Dinghui Garden".
The curved hook moon hangs on the sparse buttonwood; In the dead of night, the water from the water clock has been dripping. Who saw you alone, Hong Ying.
At night, it suddenly becomes afraid, suddenly flies and comes back frequently, but no one always understands its infinite inner feelings. It kept wandering among the cold branches, but refused to perch on any tree, and finally landed alone on the cold shoal.
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"Check the school" officials have no actual salary, so they can only spend half of their money in kind, and most of them get leftover wine bags from the government. These wine bags can be sold in the market. This is mentioned in Su Shi's poem "First Arriving in Huangzhou".
Laughing all your life will be ridiculous when you get old.
All over the Yangtze River, fish is beautiful, bamboo is good, mountain is fragrant.
Not as good as a foreigner, the poet is an example of Shui Caolang.
Unfortunately, it didn't help at all, and it was still a waste of time for the housekeeper to press the wine bag.
-Su Dongpo's "First Arriving in Huangzhou"
At the end of the poem, he said that he was ashamed that his political affairs were not good, and he had to spend his official salary and get a wine bag. So it can also be seen here that he received a physical discount and no cash.
It is wrong to say that Su Dongpo earns 4500 yuan a month at this time. First, it is inconsistent with the official salary system in the Northern Song Dynasty. Secondly, I have said in my letter to Qin Shaoyou: It is absolutely impossible to go in ... It is acceptable to spend more than one year ... which means saving, so the monthly salary of 4,500 pence is taken from Su Dongpo's savings, not his salary.
In addition, Su Dongpo had 20 people married and had children at that time, and it was a big expense to support these people. The above-mentioned planned expenditure of 4,500 articles per month is not only for household use, but also includes the reception expenses of Su Shi's relatives and friends such as Su Zhe, Zou, Wang Gong and Shen Liao when they come. As mentioned earlier, Su Dongpo didn't even have a place to live when he first arrived in Huangzhou. First I lived in Dinghuiyuan, then I moved to Lingaoge, and I didn't have a fixed residence. So he's not crying to Qin Shaoyou. He's really having a hard time.
A year later, at the time of running out of ammunition and food, due to the efforts of friends, Su Shi was finally allowed to live in a wasteland in the east of Huangzhou City. In order to make a living, Su Shi led the whole family to go out early and return late, reclaim wasteland and be self-sufficient. In the second year of slack farming, Su Shi also built several farmhouses here, and Su Shi named them Tang Xue.
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At this time, Su Shi, a Buddhist whose heart belongs to Dongpo, lived in Tang Xue and looked forward to the Spring and Autumn Period.
I woke up drunk in my dream. Only Yuan Ming was a former life. Travel all over the world, but still plow. Last night, Dongpo was full of spring rain, black magpies were happy, and the weather was fine.
On the west bank of Tang Xue, a dark spring is singing. The northern mountain slopes and streams cross. Looking at the pavilions in the south, the lonely show shrugs the city. It's all the scenery of Xie Chuan that day. I'm getting old.
-Su Dongpo's "Jiang Meng wakes people up drunk"
Although it is still difficult, Su Dongpo enjoys it. Many years later, Su Dongpo returned to the temple and lived in a high position, but he missed the bridge in front of Tang Xue.
References for this article:
Zhang On the Salary of Officials in Song Dynasty
(The picture is from the Internet, thanks to the author's strong support. )
* * * Write poems every day and pay attention to twelve readings.
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