Liu Yuxi took part in Wang's "Yongzhen innovation" during his tenure as imperial adviser, and opposed the separatist forces of eunuchs and buffer regions. After the failure of innovation, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Hezhou County, Anhui Province as a small judge. According to the regulations, Tongguan will live in three three-bedroom rooms in the county government. But he and Zhou Zhifu deliberately made things difficult for Liu Yuxi. Liu Yuxi was very happy to arrange for him to live in a place near the river in the south of the city, so he wrote two sentences on the door: "Facing the river and watching the white sails, I will compete with the state." The magistrate of a county thought he was demoted to Hezhou, but he was not convinced. He was bent on fighting, so he moved his residence from the south to the north, and the housing area was reduced to one and a half rooms. Liu Yuxi still didn't care, and wrote two words on the door: "weeping willows and green rivers, people are in Liyang, and their hearts are in Beijing." Hezhou was formerly called Liyang, so there is a saying that "people are in Liyang". Seeing this, the magistrate of a county was transferred to the middle of the county seat and was given only a small room. Liu Yuxi angrily wrote this "Humble Room Inscription".
Second, the knowledge points of "humble room"
It turns out that the mountain is not high, but there are immortals. The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit.
The mountain lies not in how high it is, but in being famous for its immortals. Water is not about how deep it is. With a dragon, you have an aura.
The test site is: verb, lies in, cares about; Immortals: Immortals, ancient legends say that immortals live in mountains, and mountains with immortals are famous mountains; Then: adverb, just; Name: here is a noun as a verb, meaning "famous"; Spirit: supernatural, here is a noun as a verb, meaning "to show supernatural and aura"
The original text is humble, but I am virtuous.
This is a humble house, but I (the people who live in it) have a good moral character (so I don't feel humble).
Cortis is a humble room: this is a judgment sentence, and "yes" is a judgment word, just like the usage of "yes" in I don't know Mulan is a girl. Demonstrative pronoun, this, this. Humble room: Humble room refers to the author's own room. Heart (xρn): Originally, it meant being able to spread fragrance far away. Here, it means being virtuous, and the translation of "virtuous heart" means being virtuous. "I am a humble room, but I have virtue" is a turning complex sentence, which means that although this is a humble room, I don't feel humble because I am a person with good moral character.
The original moss marks the stage green, and the grass color enters the curtain.
The traces of moss spread to the steps, making them all green; The color of grass is reflected on the bamboo curtain, which makes the room look blue.
On the test site: verbs, climb up, shop up; "Green" and "green" are adjectives used flexibly as verbs and are causative usages of adjectives, which are translated as "make … green" and "make … green".
There are scholars in the original text, but there is no Ding Bai.
People who come here to talk and laugh are all learned people, and people who come and go are all unknown people.
Scholar: A great scholar refers to a learned person. H: big; Confucianism: A learned man. Ding Bai: At first, it refers to civilians. Here, it refers to people who are not famous. In the Tang Dynasty, Huang Zhe (yellow and red) was the noblest costume color, red and purple were the highest, followed by blue and green, black and brown were the lowest, and white had no status.
You can tune the pipa and read the original golden classics.
Usually you can play the elegant guqin and read Buddhist scriptures written in clay gold.
Tune the piano at the test center: playing the piano requires no decoration. Sound: pronounced as tiáo, fiddling, which here refers to playing (piano). Simple piano: A simple piano. Golden Sutra: refers to Buddhist Sutra, written in clay gold, so it is called "Golden Sutra".
The original text has no confusing ears and no complicated form.
No secular music disturbs the mind, and no official documents make the body tired.
Sishu: This refers to music and music. Silk: refers to stringed instruments, such as erhu; Bamboo: wind instruments, such as flute and flute. Metonymy is used here. Metonymy means that the person or thing to be expressed is not directly spoken, but is replaced by someone or thing closely related to it. "Sizhu" is the main material of musical instruments, so using "Sizhu" to refer to music refers to secular music in a specific context. Disturb the ear: Disturb the ear, which means disturbing the mood. Confusion, the causative use of adjectives, confuses, disturbs.
Case: refers to official documents. This is also metonymic rhetoric. "Case" is a desk and "Xie" is an official document, so "case" is used to refer to an official document. Modal particles are used between subject and predicate to cancel the independence of sentences. Fatigue: To make the body tired. Old: the use of adjectives is ... tired. Form: form, body.
The original text is Zhuge Lu in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion in Xishuzi.
Nanyang has Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage, and West Shu has the houses of Yangzi Cloud.
Zhuge Lu: refers to Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage. Zhuge Liang: Kong Ming, prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in Three Kingdoms, was a famous politician and strategist. Before leaving office, he lived in seclusion in Wollongong, Nanyang. Lu, a humble little house. West Shu: Today's Sichuan. Yangtze River Cloud: refers to Yang Xiong. Yang Xiong, Zi Ziyun, was a writer in the Western Han Dynasty. There is a Ziyun Pavilion where he studies, which has become a symbol of reading and writing life. Li Baiyou said in a poem: "The memory of the DPRK is like a stage, and the dream of the cloud floor at night."
Yuan Kongziyun: What's wrong?
Confucius said: What's so simple about this?
"What's the matter" in the test center is a sentence with prepositional object, which means "What's the matter". Auxiliary words, symbols of preposition objects, not translated. For the quotation, see The Analects of Confucius Zi Han: Zi wants to live in Jiuyi, or he says, "Is it ugly?" Confucius said, "How can a gentleman be humble if he lives there?" The meaning of this passage is: Confucius wants to live in Jiuyi (referring to the eastern minority areas), and some people say, "How can he live there?" Confucius said, "Where can a gentleman live?" Confucius' words are quoted here to prove that "a humble room is not humble" and that "a humble room is not humble, and a sage lives in it", which is different from the previous article "I am humble, but I am a sage." This is the crowning touch of the full text.
Third, other knowledge points
1 About the author
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a native of Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, was known as a "poet". Together with Liu Zongyuan, they are called "Liu Liu", "Sanjie" with Wei and Bai Juyi, and "Bai Liu" with Bai Juyi.
2. About style
The style of Humble Room Inscription is "Ming". Ming, originally carved on utensils, was used to warn oneself or describe merit, and later became a style to describe merit or warn and exhort. The words are concise, generally rhyming and powerful to read. The inscription on the right side of the box for self-warning is called "motto"; An epitaph is carved on a stone tablet to describe the life of the deceased and praise the memory.
3. About the main idea
Through the description of the living room, this paper shows the center of "I am a humble room, but I am virtuous and sincere", that is, in the name of humble room, I praise moral quality and express my master's moral integrity and poor and happy taste.
4. About writing methods
The full text is only 8 1 word, but it has high artistic expression. The full text mainly adopts the following writing methods:
One is to use analogy. The author uses "the mountain is not high, and the fairy is named." The water is not deep, and the dragon is the spirit. "For example," I am humble, but I am virtuous. "Take zhuge liang and Yang Xiong's house to compare his humble room. That sentence is "Zhuge Lu is in Nanyang and Ting Yun Pavilion is in Xishu".
The second is to use duality and metonymy. From "the moss on the steps is green" to "the shape without paperwork", it is described from three aspects: first, the scenery where you live, that is, "the moss on the steps is green, and the grass color enters the curtain"; The second is the friends you make, that is, "there are people who talk and laugh, but there is no Ding Bai"; The third is what he did, that is, "tune the pipa and read the Golden Classics." There is no confusion in the ears of silk and bamboo, and there is no complicated form, which shows the author's noble and proud moral integrity and poor and happy taste. The sentence patterns in these three aspects are all antithetical sentences, and "four subjects" and "case" are metonymies.
The third is to use quotations. Finally, I quote Confucius' sentence "What is modesty" to summarize the full text. In The Analects of Confucius Zi Han, it is further explained that the key to modesty lies in "the gentleman lives in it", which echoes the opening "only my virtue and fragrance" and implies the meaning of a gentleman.
The fourth is to express one's will with objects. Express one's will through the description and narration of specific things, often used as a metaphor or symbol of a certain spirit, personality, thoughts, feelings, etc. This paper writes "humble room" on the surface, but in fact it is intended to express the center of "I am humble, but I am virtuous and sincere", that is, to praise the reality of moral quality and express the master's moral integrity and poor and happy interest in the name of humble room.
The fifth is to use parallel bodies. This paper belongs to parallel prose, using parallelism and antithesis. Commonly used four or six sentences, also known as "four or six essays". Parallel prose is characterized by parallelism in language. Two horses are called tied horses, and together they are called lovers. So "parallel pair" is opposite, also called duality and duality. Its basic requirements are the same number of words, the same part of speech and symmetrical structure (excluding the function words at the end of the first sentence and some sentence components). Parallel prose began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and flourished in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. From the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was gradually replaced by "ancient prose".
Fourth, topic design
1. Liu Yuxi was called a "poet" by Bai Juyi, and his idioms "Qian Fan on the side of a sunken ship, Wan Muchun in front of a sick tree" and "Don't say that Sang Yu is late because the sky is full of sunshine" have become popular words today.
2. The sentence with similar meaning to "People don't have water in a small pool, but it's okay to have Wolong in a shallow place" in "Humble Room Inscription" is "The water is not deep, but the dragon has spirit".
Verb (abbreviation of verb) about "motto"
1. The origin of "motto"
Brother Zhang was killed, avenged by hand, cornered and pardoned. He made this inscription to warn himself and taste the right place, so he said this motto. (See Lu Yanji's inscription in Selected Works of Cui Yuan's Motto. )
Cui Zhang, Cui Yuan's brother in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was killed by others. Cui Yuan killed his enemy (to avenge his brother) and later fled for his life. I didn't return to my hometown until I met with an amnesty from the imperial court. He wrote an inscription on my warning, which was once placed on the right side of the seat, so it was called "motto".
Explanation: This passage explains the origin of motto style. One of the passive sentences is "killed by someone". The word "Meng" is a verb, which means "suffering" and "forgiveness" means "pardon", which means that the verb is used flexibly as a noun and is the object of "Meng".
2. Cui Yuan's motto
No one is short and no one is long. Be careful when giving and don't forget when receiving. The reputation of the world is insufficient, and benevolence is the discipline. What's the harm in denigrating mediocrity? Don't make the name too true, and keep the holy land of fools. Nirvana is precious, and warmth contains light. The weak are born to be human, and the old commandments are strong. It is difficult to measure one's ambition when walking. Be careful what you eat and drink, and the contented will always be happy. Perseverance will last a long time.
Don't dwell on the shortcomings of others, and don't brag about your own advantages. Don't forget to be kind to others, and don't forget to accept others' kindness. The praise of the world is not to be envied, as long as you take kindness as your code of action. Don't act blindly by hiding your true feelings, judge whether it is in line with benevolence and righteousness, and what harm does other people's slanderous remarks do to yourself? Don't let your reputation surpass reality, stupidity is appreciated by saints. White matter does not change color even if it is infiltrated by black, which is precious, dull and contains light. Weakness is the foundation of survival, so the old man refrained from trying to be brave. The villain is shallow and stubborn but thinks he is a virtue, while the gentleman is introverted and sharp, which is difficult for others to estimate. A gentleman should be careful in his speech and diet, and contentment can eliminate foreboding. Practice for a long time, and over time, life will be fragrant.