Answer: Wang Guowei believes that opera is a story with songs and dances.
2. What is the earliest history of traditional Chinese opera in China?
A: The earliest history of traditional Chinese opera in China is Textual Research of Song and Yuan Dynasties, written by Wang Guowei on 1902.
3. Who was the earliest opera actor in China?
A: The earliest opera actor in China was You Meng, a native of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period.
4. What is the earliest drama in China?
A: The earliest drama in China was the Duke Huang of Donghai in the Han Dynasty.
5. What is the oldest existing script in China?
A: The oldest existing script in China is the champion of Zhang Xie in the Southern Song Dynasty.
6. Who is the most outstanding playwright in the history of China opera? How many plays did he write in his life?
A: Guan Hanqing is the most outstanding playwright in the history of China opera. He wrote more than 60 plays in his life.
7. What was the first systematic and comprehensive theoretical work on traditional Chinese opera in ancient China?
A: The first systematic and comprehensive theoretical work on traditional Chinese opera in ancient China was Li Yu's "Follow the Fate" in Qing Dynasty.
8. Which is the earliest theater in China?
A: The earliest theater in China was Ping Optimism, which was built in the west of Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
9. What is the earliest drama magazine in China?
A: The earliest China opera magazine was the 20th Century Grand Stage, which was edited and published by Shanghai Grand Stage Series on the eve of the Revolution of 1911.
10. What is the biggest and most popular opera in China?
Answer: Peking Opera is the largest and most popular opera in China.
1 1. What is the earliest mature form of China opera? How many kinds of operas are there in various ethnic groups and regions in China?
A: Generally speaking, the earliest mature form of China traditional opera is the one produced in Wenzhou during the Southern Song Dynasty. According to the latest statistics, there are about 365 kinds of operas in various ethnic groups and regions in China.
12. Besides The West Chamber, what are the top ten classical comedies in China?
Answer: Apart from The West Chamber, China's top ten classic comedies are Saving the Wind and Dust, On the Wall, The Shame of Li Kui jy, Seeing the Money Slave, The Story of the Maid, The Wolf in Zhongshan, Yu Pei, The Green Peony and The Fault of the Kite. (Just answer three of the questions. )
13, Whether Pipa is a tragedy or a comedy in China's classical operas. Why?
A: The Story of Pipa is one of the top ten tragedies of China's classical operas. Pipa Story is a true portrayal of the miserable life of the working people in feudal society, describing tragic contradictions. The dramatic conflict unfolded in a bleak and tragic atmosphere, giving the audience a feeling of grief and indignation.
Besides 14 The Story of the Pipa, what are the top ten classical tragedies in China?
A: Apart from the pipa, the top ten Chinese classical tragedies include Yuan, Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty, Zhao's Orphan, Zhongjing Banner, Jiao Hong Collection, Qing Zhong Pu, Fairy Palace, Peach Blossom Fan and Leifeng Pagoda. (Just answer three of the questions. )
15. Who are the four famous artists of Peking Opera?
A: The four famous dancers in Beijing Opera are Mei Lanfang, Cheng, Xun Huisheng and Shang Xiaoyun.
16 which four legends created by Tang Xianzu, a great dramatist in Ming Dynasty, are called "Linchuan Four Dreams"?
A: Four legends, The Story of Purple Hairpin, The Story of Rebirth (Peony Pavilion), Conan and Handan, created by Tang Xianzu, a great dramatist in Ming Dynasty, are collectively called "Linchuan Four Dreams".
17. There were four famous zaju writers in the Yuan Dynasty, collectively known as the "four masters of zaju in the Yuan Dynasty". Please say their names.
A: The "Four Masters of Yuan Opera" are Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan, Zheng Guangzu and Bai Pu.
After 18 and 30, the clown used a special sound type. What's that noise? Are you familiar with the fame and ugliness of singing this type of voice? Please name it 1-2.
A: The sound of phlegm and fire. Famous and ugly people who are good at singing this type of voice include Ani, Ugly Woman, Guo Shimei and Li Youcun.
19, there is a saying in the singing of traditional Chinese opera called "singing four tones" Why?
Answer: Explain the importance of chanting. When an actor expresses a character's thoughts and feelings by singing, he should not take it lightly.
20. What is the abbreviation of the method of pronouncing words when Chao Opera is singing? Please give an example.
Answer: spelling. (Actor example)
2 1, Chaozhou opera is a high-pitched opera with chorus. Please name several forms of chorus and give examples.
A: Chaozhou opera has two forms of help singing. One is to synchronize with the singer and help the singer's tail cavity. For example, Gao Wenju sang "Lifting Eyes and Clouds" and "Clouds" in "Sweeping the Window", with the help of singing; One is to sing for the plot as a performer; , such as background songs.
22. There are five main types of Chaozhou opera music. Please name them and give examples.
A: It's light in three or six tones, such as the aria of Su six niang and the Spring Breeze Fulfilling the Garden Contract; Emphasize three or six tones, such as the aria "I once took photos of diamond flowers" in "Sweeping the Window"; Living in the tune of "Three Five", such as "Beijing Club" and "I am very happy to be honored"; Contrasting sounds, such as the aria "Assassination of Liang Ji" and "Tao Qing as a physiognomy"; Violate the tune, such as the aria "100% Joy in My Heart" in "Good Boy Asks for Relatives".
23. Besides Qupai, the aria structure of Chaozhou Opera has several structural forms. Please say their names.
A: Slab cavity, crossword puzzle, minor form.
24. There have been three forms of accompaniment in the history of Chaozhou Opera, namely concerto, concerto and orchestration. Please tell me the approximate time of each stage.
A: Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was a concerto, accompanied by musical instruments during the Cultural Revolution.
25. Read three or six tones lightly, reread three or six tones, and read three or five tones with "five, two, three, four".
26. Everyone knows the "entrance" and "exit" on the stage of Chinese opera. What are the two most commonly used names of Chaozhou Opera?
A: On the stage of traditional Chinese opera, there are two most commonly used names for Chaozhou opera, namely "two plates of paper and noodles" or "drum chorus".
27. As far as location is concerned, the performance area of the opera stage is generally divided into nine areas. Do you know how to divide it? What is the name of each district?
A: The performance area of the national drama stage can be divided into: front left, front middle and front right; Middle left, middle, middle right; Back left, back middle, back right, * * * area 9.
28. What do you mean by "three plays"?
A: The "Three Little Plays" are plays featuring Xiao Sheng, Xiao Dan and the clown, such as Picking up the Jade Bracelet and The Edge of the Cabinet.
29. In China traditional opera, a "table" with two chairs can represent a variety of scenery. Can you name three?
A: In traditional Chinese opera, a table with two chairs can represent a variety of scenery, such as tables, tables, beds, mountains, slopes, walls and bridges.
30. Peking Opera is known as "big painted face", "two painted faces" and "three painted faces". What about Chaozhou opera?
A: The "big face" of Peking Opera and the "black face" of Chaozhou Opera; The "Erhualian" in Peking Opera and the "Black Face in Straw Shoes" in Chaozhou Opera belong to the "Erhualian". "Three-sided" Peking Opera and Chaozhou Opera are called "ugly".
3 1, China called opera actors "children of Liyuan" in ancient times. Which dynasty did the title of "Children of Liyuan" come from?
A, Song Dynasty B, Yuan Dynasty C, Tang Dynasty
(Standard answer: C, Tang Dynasty)
32, "Han Jue Shougong" is a fragment of which play:
A. Visit the Academy B, Han Gongqiu C and Zhao's orphan.
(Standard C, orphan of Zhao)
33. Whose work is the world-famous sculpture The Thinker?
A, Michelangelo B, Rodin C, Picasso (standard answer: B, Rodin)
34. The author of the world famous paintings's Tracker on the Volga River is:
A, according to Levitan B, shishkin C and Lie Bin (standard answer: C and Lie Bin).
35. Where does the famous saying "Peacock flies southeast and wanders five miles" come from?
A, Book of Songs B, Yuanqu C, Yuefu (standard answer: C, Yuefu)
36. Who is the lyricist of The Internationale?
A, Marx B, portal C, Beethoven (standard answer: B, portal)
37. The word "bang" in the idiom "smiling" means:
A, modesty B, citing C, vividness (standard answer: B, citing)
38. "Sanchakou" can best express China opera:
A, lyrical B, ideological C, virtual (standard answer: C, virtual)
39. Wu Dalang used the basic skills of opera in his opera:
A, kneeling step B, small step C, drunk step (standard answer: B, small step)
40, "gag" in traditional Chinese opera refers to:
A, walking B, walking on clouds C, making the audience laugh.
(standard answer: c, an episode that makes the audience laugh)
4 1, The Orphan of Zhao, a classic drama of China, attracted the attention of many great European artists in the18th century, and Europe also produced similar ethnic differences.
Play, the title of the play is:
A, Sichuan Good Man B, China Orphan C, Turandot
(Standard answer: B, Orphan of China)
42. Among Bao Gong's plays, there is a play called Grey Lanji. In Europe, there is also a drama in which chili pepper is used to judge cases. The title of the play is:
A, The Taming of the Shrew B, Don Quixote C, Caucasian Grey Ape.
(Standard answer: C, "Caucasian Grey Blue Ji")
43. The Single Knife Club, Heroes Club and Huarong Road are based on:
A, folklore B, Water Margin C, Romance of the Three Kingdoms
(Standard answer: C, Romance of the Three Kingdoms)
44, the traditional drama "eight hammers" adapted from:
A, romance of the three kingdoms b, a dream of red mansions c, yue zhuan.
(Standard answer: C, Yue Quanzhuan)
45, "play bravery" in drama refers to:
A, main characters or key plots b, penetrating props or penetrating actions
C, the actor's wonderful performance (standard answer: A, the main role or key plot)
46, the author of "let a hundred flowers blossom" is:
A, Mao Zedong B, Lu Xun C, Guo Moruo (standard answer: C, Guo Moruo)
47, stanislavski, Brecht and China which artists constitute the world's three major performance systems:
A, Dai B, Shang Xiaoyun C, Mei Lanfang (standard answer: C, Mei Lanfang)
48, the author of Du Shiniang is:
A, Tang Xianzu B, Feng Menglong C, Wang Shifu (standard answer: B, Feng Menglong)
49, pentatonic scale refers to:
Feathers in a, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B, palace, quotient, horn, symbols and marks
C, the scale of five sharp signs (standard answer: B, palace, quotient, angle, sign, feather)
50. A famous poem: "If winter comes, can spring be far behind?" Whose poem is this?
A, Goethe B, Byron C, Shelley (standard answer: C, Shelley)
5 1, "Shui Bo Liangshan" in Water Margin is in which province of China today?
A, Shandong Province B, Henan Province C, Hubei Province (standard answer: A, Shandong Province)
52. Who was the first person to bring western dance to China court?
A, Dai B, Yu Rongling C, Mei Lanfang (standard answer: B, Yu Rongling)
53, the film "Cui Di Xiao Chun" is the work of a master musician:
A, Mozart B, Strauss C, Tchaikovsky (standard answer: B, Strauss)
54, the idiom "dancing" was first seen in:
A, The Book of Songs B, Three Hundred Tang Poems C, Mencius
(Standard answer: C, "Mencius")
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Basic knowledge of traditional Chinese opera
The virtuality of drama refers to the process of expressing the reality of life with the virtuality of art, and it is the basic method of expressing life in drama. It uses the assumption of stage to deal with time and space flexibly. In the relationship between art and life, we strive for spiritual similarity, not formal similarity. For example, rowing a virtual boat to explore the virtual night and expressing the change of time with a louder voice. For the natural environment, objects, people, natural phenomena, etc. We also use virtual methods to complete artistic creation with the help of the audience's association. Terminology of China Opera. It is the same factor that unifies various artistic means of singing, reading and playing. It consists of the rhythm of body movements and the rhythm of music, which complement each other. China traditional opera has a strong sense of rhythm in singing, performance, dance and martial arts. It can help to express the emotions of the characters, dye, contrast and render the stage atmosphere for the drama. The artistic and technical rules and norms formed and developed in China's traditional drama performances. It refines and processes the language and actions in life, making singing, reading, doing, playing and music accompaniment, makeup, clothing and so on. All of them have formed standardized performance methods, making life forms musical, dancing and standardized. Such as closing doors, boating and horse racing in performances, have basically fixed formats. It is more expressive and formal than the natural form in life, and the program must be enriched, changed and developed with the development of society. The penultimate play in the folding opera performance. Named after the last play "The Big Axis". String play is commonly known as "string play", so it is called string because the colors of feet must be coherent in teams. It is said that this string of words comes from the word "Cuan" because in the old society, it was also called "Cuan" or "Cuan Nong". Cross-dressing refers to an artist playing a role outside his original career. Such as actors Dan Xing, Sheng Xing or Wu Sheng. Guest appearance of non-professional actors in cultural performances is called guest appearance. In the past, amateur fans were a general term for non-professional actors and musicians in China traditional opera and Quyi. According to legend, the children of the Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty sang children's books all over the country for free with the "Dragon Chapter" issued by the Qing court, and then called unprofessional actors amateurs. In ancient times, actors were the general names of artists who performed singing, dancing, comedy and acrobatics. It is generally believed that those who give priority to banter performances are called "Xun You" and those who give priority to music and dance performances are called "advocating excellence". Artists who play music are called "actors". Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, opera actors have often been called actresses. Types of traditional opera roles. There are two general branches in modern times: life, Dan, Jing, ugliness and life, Dan, Jing, and ugliness. Each line has several branches, for example, students are divided into old students and young students. There are differences in the levels and names of various branches of drama. One of the main businesses of traditional opera performances in China is to play male roles. Sheng Xing first appeared in the Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and later appeared in all dynasties except Yuan Zaju. Usually he plays a young man and is the protagonist in the play. With the development of art, students are divided into old departments, youth departments, martial arts departments and many other majors according to their age, identity and personality. Dan is one of the main industries of traditional opera performance in China. Play a female role. Dan's name first appeared in the song and dance of the Song Dynasty, already existed in the zaju of the Song Dynasty, and has been used in subsequent dynasties. Most of the characters are divided into many majors according to their age, identity, personality and performance characteristics, such as Zheng Dan, Hua Dan, Tiedan, Boudoir Dan, Udan, Lao Dan and Cai Dan. The screen name is commonly known as "painting face" and "painting face". One of the main businesses of traditional Chinese opera performance. It is generally believed that it evolved from zaju and the sub-network of Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Face makeup with a mask, singing with a wide voice or falsetto, acting in a big way, and playing more strong or rude male roles. According to the characters' personality, identity and artistic characteristics, they are divided into many specialized lines, such as Zheng Jing, Subjing and Jason Wu in Beijing Opera. At the end of traditional opera, foot color business. There was an ending in the drama of the Song Dynasty. The end of Yuan Zaju is the two main roles of paying equal attention to righteousness and Dan. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, he became an independent business, often pretending to be a middle-aged man with lower social status than his background, and paying equal attention to singing and doing in performances. By the end of modern times, most operas had been incorporated into the old ones. One of the main businesses of ugly drama performance. Comedy characters. Because a piece of white powder is smeared on the bridge of the nose, it is commonly known as "little face". It is juxtaposed with the two-flowered face with big painted face and clean feet, which is also commonly known as the "three-flowered face". The Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties is ugly. A person who can express humor, an ugly soul, and a deceitful and despicable person. According to the identity, personality and technical characteristics of the characters, they are divided into two branches: Wen Chou and Wu Chou. Bit player is also called "warm soup" and "public". The soldiers, servants and other attendants played in the play are named after wearing special forms of walk-on clothes, and usually four people get together. On the stage, one or two walk-ons are used to show that there are many people and play a role in setting off the momentum. Four artistic methods of singing, reading, doing and playing, and five technical methods of mouth, hand, eye, body and step are the basic skills of traditional Chinese opera actors. Four artistic means of opera singing. It refers to singing, reading, writing and martial arts, commonly known as "four merits". It is the four basic skills of traditional Chinese opera actors. Timbre refers to the difference of timbre of different operas through singing. Some traditional operas or operas in China have many similarities in music or singing, which are called tune or classified as tune system. Musical terms of banyan opera. When playing music or singing, every bar is slammed with a board, which is called "board"; The weak beat or the second strong beat is hit with the drum, which is called "eye" and is collectively referred to as the board eye. They are called three-eye board (four beats), one-eye board (two beats), no-eye board (one beat or running board), no-eye board (scattered board) and so on. A traditional way of introducing characters in a self-reported drama, in which the main characters introduce themselves when they first appear on the stage, including their names, places of origin, life experiences, designated scenes in the play, etc. Zieba opera performance program. This legend got its name because it was first used in the Ming Dynasty legend "Qian Jin Miracle Ba". Through a series of dance moves, ancient soldiers dressed up before going out to war. The whole set of "all-Pakistan" or "all-Pakistan" is mostly used for the main characters in the play. Half set is called half bully. Two people bullying at the same time is called double bullying. Debut in a drama performance. Statue gestures made by the characters at the end of the last performance or dance. There are various forms of single, double or multiple people. Used to highlight the mental state of the characters. The routine movements of the horse in China traditional opera. Through a series of continuous dance movements, with the rapid rhythm of gongs and drums, the galloping posture on horseback is expressed. There are many kinds of riding, including single riding, double riding and multi-person riding. Fighting skills in China traditional opera and martial arts. Short for "hand". One hand and one foot, both hands and feet, meet with several hostile people, kick, throw, throw weapons, with 2 to 8 guns, forming a thrilling and complicated battle scene. Wudan drama is often used in the struggle between gods and demons. Sometimes it is also used in the plot of grabbing weapons in the chaotic army. A musical form of facial makeup for opera actors. It gradually evolved from the "face-changing" mask of music and dance in the Tang Dynasty. The actor's face is outlined in various colors and patterns to highlight the personality characteristics of the characters and show their praise and criticism. Mainly used for cleaning and clowning. Clothing generally refers to props and clothing used in performances. In a narrow sense, it only represents clothing. Generally, regardless of dynasty, region and season, decoration is only based on gender, age and social status. Two five-or six-foot-long pheasant tails on the helmet of an actor in Zi Ling's opera. Most of them are brave, brave, tenacious or violent people. The purpose is to strengthen the dance of the performance and express the feelings of the characters. Dances using feathers are called "feather works". Re-export is also called "mouth surface". The fake beards hung by traditional drama actors in China are made of yak hair or human hair. According to the age of the people in the play, there are three kinds: black, black (gray) and white. Some people with strange looks or violent personalities will have red beards and purple beards. According to different identities and personalities, there are many styles of Dunkou. There is a foot-long white silk at the end of the sleeve, such as python, pleat, trousers, etc. Wearing traditional opera costumes with sleeves. It is famous for its wavy shape when shaking. Sleeve technique is one of the basic skills of traditional Chinese opera performance. Actors can use it to express the characters' personality and feelings and increase the aesthetic feeling of the image. Opera costume. The armor of the ancient military commander in the play. Identity before and after two pieces, covered in embroidered fish scales. The abdomen is called the "quilt". Two leggings are called "by brand". Insert a pennant on the back, which is called "leaning on the flag". Those who don't rely on the flag are called "soft leaning". The "thin woman" worn by female generals consists of dozens of colorful streamers and petticoats. The crown hat worn by the performers in China traditional operas. Mainly refers to the handsome helmet, grass helmet, rockhopper and other hard hats, but also includes duck tail towel, Luo hat and other soft hat towels. According to the identity of the characters. Most emphasize decoration.