For 300 years, I have injured my country and hanged my people 8 thousand miles away.
Autumn wind sword tears lonely minister, the setting sun flag general altar.
The dusty atmosphere overseas is still lingering, so it is not appropriate to wait and see.
What's wrong with it? As the last book of Li Hongzhang, this poem has been circulated on the Internet in recent years, which is really absurd.
This poem can't be found in the official documents of Li Wenzhong. If you slap all the poems, it will never be done by Li. In recent years, there has been a trend of whitewashing plums, which has been deliberately misinterpreted as packaging.
This poem is an elegy. It is said that the author should be Kang Youwei and credible.
190 1 Li Hongzhang died, and Kang Youwei went into exile in Penang, Singapore, and went to Wan Li. During the Boxer Rebellion, the country broke the people's disability, so there was a saying that "the people were disabled for eight thousand miles", and Li Hongzhang died in Jingmen, so it was impossible to have such a statement.
Although Gaikang and Li Hongzhang are different from the imperial party and the post-party, their past contacts are quite bitter. After hearing the news of his death, Kang Youwei wrote this poem with emotion.
The interpretation of Kang Youwei's mourning poems is as follows:
The old horses and chariots have not left the saddle yet.
Lawton's chariots and horses have not untied the saddle rope yet.
You don't know whether you are dead or not until you are in trouble.
I didn't know how hard it was to die until the last moment.
He Press: This sentence is based on the old sentence of Zhao Yi's "History of Oubei" in the early Qing Dynasty. "Every time I think about it for a long time, I know that I am dead and in trouble." Zhao Shi's original intention was to satirize Hong Chengchou's fear of death. Hong Chengchou was captured by the Qing army after the defeat. As a courtier of the Ming Dynasty, he should have chosen to die to show his loyalty and thus be immortal. But he surrendered to the Qing dynasty, which is called "death." On his deathbed, Li Hongzhang must never quote this poem to insinuate himself.
Hurt the country for 300 years
For 300 years, the Qing Dynasty achieved nothing, but the country made little progress.
Hanging a disabled person 8 thousand miles away
-I am in exile eight thousand miles away and feel sad for the suffering of the people.
Autumn wind sword lonely minister tears
As an orphan, you are only accompanied by the autumn wind sword.
Sunset flag general altar
-(Behind) the flag in the sunset and the empty altar to worship the general.
He Press: Li Hongzhang first commanded the Huai Army, and then based on this, he established the Beiyang Army and was honored as a military commander.
The overseas dust atmosphere is not over yet.
However, the national disaster is not over yet, and the dust of overseas invasion has not subsided.
Don't wait!
-DPRK officials should not take it lightly and underestimate the danger in the future!
As a bureaucrat who was good at westernization in the late Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang sympathized with the political reform, but first of all, he protected himself. This is Li Hongzhang's situation in the Reform Movement of 1898. According to the new historical data in recent years, Li Hongzhang's position in the dispute between the ruling and the opposition at that time belonged to the post-party that stood on the side of Cixi. However, Li Hongzhang actually secretly supported Kang, Liang and other Uygur new schools.
1898,1/kloc-0 In June, Guangxu issued a decree to the state affairs, and the "Hundred Days Reform Movement" in history began. /kloc-in June of 0/6, Guangxu summoned Kang Youwei and ordered him to walk in the Prime Minister's yamen, Zhang Jing, to design and reform the New Deal affairs. Kang Youwei met Li Hongzhang on his way to the Forbidden City. Li's face changed. He quietly told Rong Lu that Kang Youwei resolutely opposed the emperor's granting Kang Youwei your official position in front of Cixi, so as to remind Kang to be careful.
On another occasion, Rong Lu went to the Summer Palace to see Empress Dowager Cixi, and Li Hongzhang was just called in because she wanted to thank Empress Dowager Cixi for her food. Rong Lu asked Li Hongzhang to tell the Empress Dowager that Kang Youwei violated the law and discipline, and if the emperor obeyed, it would be harmful. At the same time, Li Hongzhang's "multiple accidents" were used to deal with the harm of the Queen Mother's outspoken reform. Li Hongzhang kowtowed and prevaricated as "Empress Dowager Cixi" and told Kang Youwei about it.
In fact, some policies and measures of the New Deal of 1898, such as rewarding industry and commerce, have been advocated by Li Hongzhang for many years. Li Hongzhang praised the imperial examination for canceling stereotyped writing and changing it into a strategy examination. The reformists, led by Kang Youwei, wanted to abolish the imperial examination and set up the Westernization School, but considering that they would be opposed by scholars all over the world, the compromise was temporarily changed to just abolish stereotyped writing and try instead. It is said that Li Hongzhang once said privately, "Kang Youwei is not as good as me." Because the abolition of stereotyped writing "I think it can't be done for decades, but he can do it, and I am deeply ashamed." Li Hongzhang heard that the abolition of stereotyped writing was opposed by many literati, and even some people wanted to assassinate Kang Youwei, so he sent a special person to Kang's office and asked Kang to "raise strong men, live in a deep room and simply avoid traveling." Kang Youwei was ordered to leave Beijing, and Li also "sent someone to comfort".
When Guangxu founded Shi Jing University Hall (later Peking University), Li Hongzhang suggested that Sun Jianai, who was in charge of the affairs of the University Hall, invite Kang Youwei as the chief teacher (the first president). Although this discussion failed, due to the recommendation of Li Hongzhang and Sun Jianai, Ding Weiliang, the chief teacher of American Western Studies, who played an important role in the establishment and development of Shi Jing University Hall, took office. Ding Weiliang later said to people: "In all the new policies held in the Reform Movement of 1898, Li Hongzhang believed that the establishment of a university hall was the most important and sponsored."
1898 After the coup, Cixi remonstrated with the government and Guangxu was jailed. Kang and Liang fled overseas, the "six gentlemen" were killed, the officials who supported the reform were punished to varying degrees, and the new law was abolished. At this grim moment, Li Hongzhang still secretly takes care of some reformists. For example, Zhang Yuanji was dismissed for his participation in the reform. He not only sent condolences, but also asked Sheng Xuanhuai to arrange Zhang's work in Shanghai.
Because many of Li Hongzhang's thoughts are similar to those of the reformists, someone tipped off Cixi that he was also a reformer. Empress Dowager Cixi once showed him the memorial tablets of these informers and asked him, "Some people say you are a Kang Party." Li Hongzhang replied: "I am really a Kang Party. But I know nothing about the abolition of the law. These six parts can be cancelled. If the old law can be prosperous, China will be prosperous for a long time. Why wait until today? I can't escape from the Kang Party, which advocates political reform. In fact, it is the Kang Party. " Cixi was "silent" after listening. (According to Li Hongzhang's nephew Sun Zhongyu's "Fast Diary")
Li Hongzhang answered Cixi in this way because he knew that Cixi was most concerned not with whether the "law" remained unchanged, but with whether her power was challenged. The first thing we should pay attention to is not the minister's views on "political reform", but whether he participates in the actual political activities of Guangxu, the "imperial party" and the reformists. Therefore, he emphasized that "I don't want to hear about the abolition", which showed that he didn't get involved in court politics or participate in the "housework" of the court.
1898 The Reform Movement of 1898, in which six gentlemen were killed, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and other reformists were exiled overseas. More than a year later, under the strict orders of Empress Dowager Cixi, the Qing court raided the new party nationwide, and most reformers fled overseas.
1898 1 1 After the coup in June, Cixi sent Rong Lu to see Li See Li Hongzhang, hoping that Li Hongzhang would come forward to appease foreigners. Li Hongzhang asked the court to appoint himself as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in order to communicate with the powers. Rong Lu conveyed the meaning of Li Hongzhang to Cixi, and Cixi agreed. So Li Hongzhang was appointed Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/900, Li Hongzhang left Beijing for his post.
1In July, 899, Kang Youwei established a royalist society in Canada and infiltrated into China. Cixi felt great pressure. For this reason, he offered a reward of100002 silver twice to kill Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. On the other hand, Cixi decided to depose Emperor Guangxu, which made the royalists completely lose hope of restoring the imperial government.
1900 65438+1On October 24th, Cixi announced the abolition of Guangxu and made Puyi the Crown Prince. However, the abolition was opposed by foreign ministers headed by Liu Kunyi, and the powers did not support it, and eventually failed.
After hearing the proposal of abolishing the party, Kangliang royalist party intends to organize troops to serve the king. The royalists set up a general administration in Macao to command the whole country. According to the royalist idea, the troops are mainly in the Yangtze River, Guangxi and Guangdong. Tang and his guards were the main leaders of the Yangtze River Uprising. In Guangxi, Kang Youwei gathered Guangxi royalists and Heaven and Earth Christians to attack Guilin and take Hunan and Hubei. 1900 In May, Tang sent people to contact Kang Youwei. Tang Matsui first organized Yong Ying in northern Guangxi with the assistance of Kang Youwei, and has established several base areas. In Guangdong, Kang Youwei sent Liang Bingguang and others to Xin 'an, Dongguan and other places for group training, and contacted the Hongmen Sect and chivalrous men from all over the country. Another reason why Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao attach importance to Guangdong is that both Kang Liang are Cantonese.
Just as Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao plotted to launch an uprising in Guangdong and Guangxi, Li Hongzhang took over as governor of Guangdong and Guangxi.
1900 65438+1October 18, Li Hongzhang arrived in Guangzhou. One of the orders of his trip was to destroy Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and their henchmen. Before Li Hongzhang became the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, the Qing government had ordered all localities to catch Kang Liang at sea. But Li Hongzhang sympathized with Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. Shortly after Li Hongzhang took office, in February of 1 1, the Qing court ordered Li Hongzhang to level the ancestral graves of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in Guangdong, but Li Hongzhang refused to act after receiving the order from the court. On March 27, Li Hongzhang played in the imperial court, saying that "worry and excitement will change, and it is appropriate to level the grave slightly." Not only that, Li Hongzhang also wrote a personal letter to Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. In his letter, Li Hongzhang encouraged Kang Liang to "study western learning intensively, experience talents, and serve the country for another day, so don't be discouraged by the current situation."
/Kloc-The Boxer Rebellion took place in 0/900, Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing, and the Western Empress Dowager took Guangxu to Xi 'an, which led to chaos in the Qing court.
/kloc-in June of 0/2, Cixi was transferred to Li Hongzhang as governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, and quickly transferred back to Beijing to negotiate and sign a treaty with the great powers, and telegraphed him northward.
After Li Hongzhang returned to Beijing, he presided over the negotiations with the great powers. 190 1 On July 25th, Li Hongzhang and Yi Kuang signed the Xin Chou Treaty on behalf of the Qing court, and paid 450 million yuan in silver.
Two months after the signing of the Treaty of Traitors, Li Hongzhang's health went from bad to worse and he died soon.
When the death spread overseas, Liang Qichao, a disciple of Kang Youwei, commented on Li Hongzhang:
"Li hongzhang doesn't know the principle of the people, the general trend of the world, and the source of politics. In this world of competitive evolution in the19th century, he just patched up and stole a temporary security. He did not expand his national strength and put his country in Wade's prosperous territory, but just picked up the fur of Taixi and forgot the source, so he was self-sufficient. "
"To sum up, Li Hongzhang is a talented person without knowledge and an experienced person without blood. He didn't die wholeheartedly, and then stole peace for the dead. Before he died, he did his duty and never gave up, but he never had the ambition to make a century-old plan and leave a legacy to future generations. "
"I respect Li Hongzhang's talent, I cherish Li Hongzhang's knowledge, and I am saddened by Li Hongzhang's experience." "I want to say two words, saying: I am not enough to learn, and I dare not make an exception; It is its strength not to avoid hard work and not to be afraid of rumors. "
Extended information: Li Hongzhang was the founder and commander-in-chief of Huai Army and Beiyang Navy, the leader of Westernization Movement and an important official in the late Qing Dynasty, and established the first Western-style Navy Beiyang Navy in China. Officer to the third division of the East Palace, bachelor of Wenhua Hall, minister of Beiyang trade, governor of Zhili, first-class Su Yibo. He participated in a series of major historical events in his life, including the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the suppression of the Nian Army Uprising, the Westernization Movement and the Sino-Japanese War. And signed a series of unequal treaties on behalf of the Qing government, such as the Vietnam Treaty, the treaty of shimonoseki, the Concise Treaty between China and France, and the Xin Chou Treaty.
Japanese Prime Minister Hirofumi Ito regarded him as "the only person in the Qing Empire who was able to compete with the world powers", German Navy Minister Conal called him "Oriental Bismarck", and Empress Dowager Cixi regarded him as "the man who recreated Huang Xuan" and was also called "the four famous ministers of ZTE" with Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidong and Zuo. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the posts of teacher, jinyi, su, etc. His works are collected in The Complete Works of Li Wenzhong.