Author: Cao Zhinian: Wei and Jin schools: Yuefu category: unknown
White horse decorated with gold, flying northwest.
Excuse me, who is the family? You are a ranger.
Young people go to towns and raise their voices in the desert.
I used to have a good bow, but my arrows were uneven.
If the string is controlled to break the left, the right hair will destroy the moon branch.
Raise your hand to catch flies and bend down to lay horseshoes.
Smarter than monkeys and apes, as brave as leopards.
There are many policemen in the border town, and the number of Land Rover has also moved.
Feathers come from the north, and horses climb the embankment.
The dragon drove to the Huns, and the left was Xianbei.
Give up your life on the blade, and your life will be safe?
Parents don't care, how can you talk about children and wives?
A famous person is a strong person, and he can't be selfish.
Forget the national disaster at the risk of life, and suddenly feel life and death.
Note (1) This article is "Miscellaneous Songs? Qi Sexing's lyrics are also called "Ranger", because it is about the loyalty and courage of a frontier ranger. Su Ping, the author, also has the ambition of "donating Xinjiang to help the victims and dying" and the experience of joining the army. Writing about the ranger may also be his own situation. ⑵ Youhe: The names of the two states are now part of Hebei Province, Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province, and there were many brave warriors in ancient times. (3) Raise your voice: that is, "raise your name". Vertical: that is, "shovel", remote areas. (4) Raft: wood name, the stem can be used as an arrow shaft. 5. Chord control: pull the bow. Left: The shooting target on the left. [6] Yue's name: She Tie (arrow target and the like), also known as Su Zhi. Once: animal name, ape, short body, golden tail, extremely agile tree climbing, flying up and down. (8) Dispersion: fragmentation and destruction. Horseshoe: It's also the name of the poster. Park: light. Chi (sound idiot): the legendary animal name, Huang Rujiao Long. ⑽檄: A document used for recruitment, written on a one-foot two-inch long wooden strip. Inserting feathers on it indicates an emergency and is called "Feather State". ⑾ Xianbei: Donghu nationality, which became a powerful northern nationality at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. ⑿ Huai: I still "cherish".
judge
In this poem, Cao Zhi depicts a young ranger with superb martial arts who is eager to make contributions to the country and even sacrifices his life to express his passion for serving the country. The style of the poem is bold, the atmosphere is warm and the language is delicate, which can be called both emotional appeal and victory.
The picture of "flying over the northwest" at the beginning of the poem vividly conveys a spirit of courage. Next, a long passage about "Traveling to Jing You Shire" is extremely vivid, describing his brave and brave martial arts, and there is a stirring and powerful emotion between pen and ink. This extraordinary white horse boy "drives away the Huns and leaves Gu Ling humble", full of heroic spirit.
The poet not only wrote the heroic behavior of the white horse boy with passionate style, but also revealed the patriotic spirit of the characters with delicate language. The last few lines of the poem show the ideological background and heroic feelings of the white horse boy. His voice is solemn and stirring, his tone is deep and distant, and he has the charm of Yi Shui's sad song. Poetry uses flashbacks and supplementary narratives. The poem begins abruptly with "white horse decorated with gold, flying northwest" and supplements the reason of "flying northwest" with "Who is my son" 12. Then he flashed back to the feeling of "making up the names of strong men" and saying goodbye to his family; Finally, the scene of riding "going to the country" coincides with the opening. This kind of composition, like flashback in the movie, makes the image of the white horse hero deepen gradually, and the theme of worrying about the country and the people and giving one's life to help the poor is prominent.
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Li Bai also has a white horse.
Baimapian
Author: Li Bai era: Tang genre: Yuefu category: unknown
Malone Hua Xuemao, Ling Hao, Wu Jinan. Autumn frost scissors jade sword, sunset bead robe.
Cockfighting is a big deal, and the porch is too high. Bow out Nanshan tiger, hand meets Taihang Mountain.
After drinking, three cups of nod. Killing people is like mowing grass, and playing with Meng.
Make a determined effort to go to Hangu and join the army to go to Lintao. All-powerful battlefield, Xiongnu fled.
Returning made me intoxicated and refused to worship the grass. Shame into the fairy room, debauchery and wormwood.
Precautions:
[1] Ten thousand people have fought many battles.
[1] Run and make waves.
[1] Make it with a bow.
[1] adultery.
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Cao Zhi, who was born in troubled times and grew up in the army, is very enthusiastic about making contributions and governing the country. Because of the easy life in his early years, his early creative tone was cheerful and lively, and his style was impassioned.
White Horse is one of the most important works that can best represent his early creation. Poetry entrusts the poet's wishes and ideals, as Zhu Gan said: "It is true that you are a ranger. ..... The article says that' dying in a national disaster is like sudden death', which is not a general statement. " The whole poem adopts the techniques of fu, comparison and xing, and lays out the details with great fanfare. According to the battle course of teenagers, young people and mature rangers, it vividly shaped a loyal and brave image of frontier rangers, showing his heroism and noble quality of loyal service to the country. Shen Deqian, a poetry critic, highly praised Cao Zhi's artistic attainments. He praised "Chen Si (Cao Zhi) is the best at tuning" in The Source of Ancient Poems, which is true. Poetry begins with a wonderful rose, and from the beginning it is extraordinary, generous, verve and grand. In one fell swoop, the reader was introduced into a vast and magnificent artistic realm. "White horse decorated with gold, flying to the northwest", the poet uses close-ups to show the heroic spirit of young rangers to readers. You see, a fine horse with a golden halter is just like an eagle soaring on the vast northwest Yuan Ye. It is heroic and spiritual. There is a strong heroic atmosphere at the beginning of the poem. The purpose of writing about horses is to write about people and the galloping speed of horses, which shows the superb riding skills of rangers. At the end of the poem, the last two sentences make the finishing point, and come to an abrupt end, which is thought-provoking and reveals the personality charm of the ranger more deeply. After reading it, the border of smoke billowing, the battlefield of war horses screaming is in front of us, and the image of the ranger defending his country and heroically killing the enemy is bright and shining. Xie Zhen said in "Four Poems" that a good poem "is like ringing a bell, and the sound is endless". This is the end of the white horse.
Refine sentences and words, and the brushwork is wonderful.
You see, he held his head high, raised his bow, and an arrow hit the climbing tree, flying up and down like an ape; Bow your head and shoot an arrow, and the target named "Horseshoe" is instantly smashed and destroyed. "Catch" describes its agility, and "scatter" is extremely powerful. You and the ranger ride horses and shoot arrows, as swift as a whirlwind, as agile as an ape, and as fierce as a leopard dragon. The action description, with exaggeration and metaphor, vividly shows the reader an image of a ranger with superb riding and shooting skills and extremely high martial arts.
"Long Drive Xiongnu, Zuoguling Xianbei" writes that the ranger is brave and tenacious and invincible. The words "dance" and "spirit" vividly show their power. After two rhetorical questions, the poet struck the floor with two affirmative sentences and drew a strong line. The sentence "Distinguish" is a summary of the above four sentences. "Don't be selfish", taking care of the five or six sentences in the first part shows his feelings of putting the interests of the motherland first. The poet is painstaking and conscientious, not only good at refining sentences, but also good at refining words, which is very vivid. Both of them wrote archery, but they used the words "broken", "destroyed", "closed" and "scattered" respectively, which not only showed the knight errant's exquisite riding and shooting skills, but also showed his agile and brave charm.
Run your imagination and tell stories at different levels.
The poet's thinking is active and his thoughts are flying. Poetry, through imaginative galloping and narrative at different levels, has successfully shaped a touching image of patriotic brave for us. The whole poem is shrouded in an impassioned and inspiring heroic atmosphere. "Poetry expresses ambition, and songs express ambition", which is a frank expression of the poet's ambition and also the expression of the author's ambition. The language of poetry is refined, and it has won the charm of the Book of Songs, Chuci and Yuefu folk songs, which is very attractive. Throughout the poem, the poetic brushwork is wonderful, and the image of a wandering knight shines brightly. Cao Zhi is well-deserved as an outstanding representative of Jian 'an Style.
This paper is in the form of Ode to O Seven-color Stars written by Han Yuefu, with the title of the first word.
From Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, to the early years of Huang Dynasty in Wei Wendi? 196-226 is the golden age in the history of China's poetry. Under the advocacy of Cao Shi and his son, the realistic spirit of "feeling sad and happy, starting from something" in Yuefu poems in Han Dynasty has been inherited and carried forward. A group of poets who met after a long separation, witnessed hardships, and were willing to face up to reality, not only wrote the social truth into the pen, but also injected their own true feelings. The most valuable literary works in this period, besides reflecting the war and people's suffering, are chapters expressing the ideals and ambitions of making contributions to the country. The representative works in this field are Cao Cao's Gui Although Shou and Cao Zhi's White Horse Piece. If Ghost Blows the Lamp is a "song of a strong man" who lives in seclusion, then "White Horse" is an "ideal song" of a heroic teenager. The poem depicts a white horse hero who is good at martial arts and loyal to the country.
Cao Zhi? 192-232, Zijian, the third son of Cao Cao. Born in troubled times, he fought with his father in all directions since childhood. "The Antarctic is bare, facing the sea in the east, looking at Yumen in the west and leaving Xuansai in the north." Since the separatist regime in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the commitment to national unity and social stability has been the strongest voice of the times. The call of this era, coupled with the edification of Cao Cao's lofty ambition of "being a martyr in his later years", cultivated Cao Zhi's ideal of "faithfully serving the country and benefiting the people" and cast a heroic image with patriotic virtues and talents in his heart. Yuan Haowen, a writer in Jin Dynasty, said that real poetry should be a poet's "heart painting". It can be said that "White Horse Piece" is Cao Zhi's "heart painting and heartfelt wishes", which entrusted the poet's desire and vision to contribute to the country.
There are 28 sentences in the whole poem, which we might as well understand in four layers.
The first two sentences are the first layer. "White horse decorated with gold, flying to the northwest", white horse decorated with gold halter, flying directly to the northwest. The first sentence does not write people, people are among them. What is used here is the technique of metonymy contrast, which refers to people with horses and sets off people's valor with horses. In the eyes of the ancients, the white horse not only has the ability to fight, but also symbolizes firmness, loyalty, dedication and sacrifice. Cao Zhi, who was born in troubled times and grew up in the army, "is determined to serve Daming and make contributions to the world", and it is more appropriate to call his ideal young hero a white horse. Flying Northwest shows the military urgency and creates a strong atmosphere of war.
The following sentence, 12, is the second floor. As mentioned above, the beginning of the poem is about military emergency, but then the question and answer of "Who is my son, I am a ranger" was postponed, and the description of the white horse hero was slowly inserted, which led to the relaxation of the rhythm of the poem. Youhe refers to Youzhou and Bingzhou, and is the hometown of Yan and Zhao. There have been "many generous and sad people" since ancient times. It is said in the poem that this white horse hero is a "wandering knight". There is an ancient poem "Drunk in the sand without laughing, there have been several wars since ancient times". This white horse hero who "went to the countryside when he was young" was famous in the frontier after a long battle. Why is this happening? Then the poet described the hero's superb martial arts with passionate strokes:
I used to catch a good bow, but the bitter arrows were uneven! If the string is controlled to break the left, the right hair will destroy the moon branch.
Raise your hand to catch flies and bend down to lay horseshoes. Smarter than monkeys and apes, as brave as leopards.
"Hold the bow well in the past" means that he never leaves early and returns late with a bow hand; "How uneven the arrows are when the wood is bitter" means that the arrows he shoots are endless and galloping one after another. These two sentences are about his long-term unremitting practice of riding and shooting skills, which shows that his profound martial arts can not be achieved overnight. Next, I will write about his superb riding and shooting skills: opening the bow left and right, shooting up and down, moving or static, and the arrow is not empty. Agility is better than apes, and bravery is like tiger, leopard and dragon. The poet vividly and intensively explained the extraordinary life experience and outstanding skills of this hero with highly concise pen and ink and meticulous description. This not only answers the question of who this white horse hero is and why he can "speak in the desert", but also lays a solid foundation for writing his heroic deeds below.
The following six sentences, How Urgent is the Border Town, are the third floor. Structurally speaking, this is the beginning of the "Northwest Pool", which is not only the cause of the "Northwest Pool", but also the continuation of the "Northwest Pool". In terms of content, this is to create characters in a harsh war environment. "Border towns are more alert, and Lu rides several times." Feathers fly from the north, and they climb the embankment at a very fast speed. "Border towns have repeatedly reported emergencies, and enemy cavalry frequently violated the border. There was an urgent proclamation with feathers in the north, and the white horse hero immediately urged his horse to climb the fortifications. It took only four sentences and 20 words to write the heroic courage of the hero who was anxious for his country. At the critical juncture of the frontier fortress, he immediately went to the front line without hesitation under the orders of the state. The sentence "Long March to Xiongnu, Zuoguling Xianbei" is a positive description of the heroic bravery. The words "dance" and "ling" strongly show his heroic spirit of overwhelming the enemy without being overwhelmed by the enemy. Structurally speaking, these two sentences are transitional sentences connecting the past with the future, which are not only the natural conclusion described in the previous paragraph, but also the introduction to the following discussion.
Give up your life on the blade, and your life will be safe? Parents don't care, how can you talk about children and wives?
A famous person is a strong person, and he can't be selfish. Forget the national disaster at the risk of life, and suddenly feel life and death.
This is the last floor. In other words, if you devote yourself to the battlefield of blade and blade, how can you not care about life and death? Where can I care about my parents, wife and children? Now that you have been included in the ranks of strong men and joined the ranks of the army, you can't have any selfish thoughts in your heart. You should be ready to die for your country at any time. You should die as if you were dead. This is not only the monologue of the hero in the poem, but also the poet's revelation and praise of the hero's lofty spiritual world. As far as general narrative poetry is concerned, it is enough to express the story of the protagonist clearly, and there is no need to discuss it again. As far as this poem is concerned, this argument is indispensable. Reading the whole poem, we can easily feel that the passion in the poet's heart is rising step by step in layers of description, and finally surging, "emotion moves in the middle, in the form of words", so we have to get rid of it quickly. This is the natural expression of the poet's heart. Because of this, we not only have no vague feeling when reading, but also feel that every sentence is true and shocking.
Cao Zhi said in the book with Yang Dezu: "Talk in the street will be adopted; The song of hitting the iron shaft is elegant. "This shows that he attaches great importance to folk songs." "White Horse Piece" can not be separated from the simplicity of "Talk in the Street" and "Song of Strike the Iron Axis", and its literary color is gorgeous, thus forming a vigorous and simple artistic style. Commenting on Cao Zhi's poem, A Qing Ren Fang said: "This poem is very amazing", and he also said that this article "actually produced Qu Zi's Nine Songs of National Mourning". That's right. This poem not only has a relaxed rhythm, but also has ups and downs, which is alarming. This language also has amazing characteristics. For example, the word "uneven" of "how uneven the wood is" is originally an ordinary word, meaning uneven length. However, it is quite unusual to use it here. Generally, the words are bright. Used to describe the arrow that shoots, rushing endlessly, nothing is more vivid than it. I'm afraid it's hard to find a more suitable one. The so-called "Qu Zi's Nine Songs for the Mourning of a Country" refers to the hero's spirit of "dying for the national disaster and dying suddenly" praised at the end of the article, which is in the same strain as the patriotic spirit of Qu Yuan's patriotic hero "being a ghost hero" praised at the end of the article and is a generous tribute to the patriotic hero.
Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "Poetry is rooted in emotion, Miao characters, Hua Sheng and true meaning", which means that poetry is rooted in emotion, language is Miao, sound is flower, and thinking is fruit. Cao Zhi devoted his lofty ideals and passions to the characters in his works, and he also learned ideas and artistic nutrition from the excellent works and folk songs of his predecessors, so he created an enduring artistic image of a "white horse hero".
(1) Read the poem and make clear the structure.
This article belongs to the lyrics of Yuefu zaqu "Ah, Seven Color Stars". This speech is famous for its first sentence, also known as "Ranger". White Horse is an important masterpiece of Cao Zhi in his early years. The author may use the ranger's situation to express his ambition of thinking about national affairs and making achievements.
White horse decorated with gold, flying northwest.
Excuse me, whose family? Wandering in peace and tranquility.
Young people go to villages and towns, raising their voices and hanging in the desert.
I used to have a good bow, but my arrows were uneven.
If the string is controlled to break the left, the right hair will destroy the moon branch.
Raise your hand to catch flies and bend down to lay horseshoes.
Smarter than monkeys and apes, as brave as leopards.
There are many policemen in the border town, and the number of Land Rover has also moved.
Feathers come from the north, and horses climb the embankment.
The dragon drove to the Huns, and the left was Xianbei.
Give up your life on the blade, and your life will be safe?
Parents don't care, how can you talk about children and wives?
A famous person is a strong person, and he can't be selfish.
Forget the national disaster at the risk of life, and suddenly feel life and death.
The first half of "White Horse" depicts the heroic attitude of the knight errant, and the second half describes the knight errant's performance in resisting foreign aggression. The whole poem is exquisitely laid out, properly tailored, sometimes urgent, sometimes relaxed, ups and downs, twists and turns, simple and elegant language, accurate and appropriate words, and very fascinating.
Or: The first six sentences of "White Horse" introduce the life and experience of the ranger. The fourteen sentences in the middle describe his superb martial arts and good fighting skills. The last eight sentences tell the lofty dedication of the heroic youth. Structure diagram:
The ranger's life is a frontier hero-superb martial arts, contributing to the country-abandoning his home to protect the country and dying.
(2) the taste of poetry.
■ The first half: depicting the heroic spirit of the ranger.
"White horse decorated with gold, even the northwest chi. Excuse me, whose family? Wandering in peace and tranquility. " Young people go to villages and towns to raise their voices and hang down in the desert. "
These six sentences are the first layer. Firstly, introduce the life experience and personality of the ranger. "White horse decorated with gold, flying northwest."
Write the majestic posture of the ranger galloping: the white horse gallops vigorously to the northwest with a metal halter. Show the heroic spirit of the ranger to the readers at the beginning. "White Horse" and "Golden Charm" are bright and dazzling. And "Running Horse Map" is to write the heroic deeds of teenagers by writing "Running Horse Map" clearly, using the combination of light and shade, bright and dark. Then use four sentences of "I'm sorry" to describe the origin of the teenager: it turned out that it was Ma You and the ranger teenager in that place, who left home from childhood and became famous in the frontier fortress. It not only introduces the typical environment and growth experience of the young ranger, but also includes praise for him.
"I used to have a good bow and my arrows were uneven. If the string is controlled to break the left, the right hair will destroy the moon branch. Raise your hand to catch flies and bend down to lay horseshoes. Smarter than a monkey, as brave as a leopard. "
These eight sentences are the second level, replaced by a concrete and in-depth description of the young ranger's strong and agile heroism and superb martial arts. The word "Su" in "Su Hold the Bow Well, Arrows Uneven" is a review of ranger's riding and shooting skills. It shows that he has been diligent in martial arts since he was a child. "If the string is controlled to break the left, the right hair will destroy the moon branch." Raise your hand to catch flies and bend down to lay horseshoes. Four identical sentence patterns, with four different verbs of "breaking", "destroying", "connecting" and "scattering", accurately describe the superb riding and shooting skills of the ranger boy from static and dynamic aspects and from left to right in four different directions, vividly showing the skillful archery and superb martial arts of the ranger boy, which is amazing. Structurally speaking, it makes the following two figurative generalizations (more agile than apes, as brave and agile as leopards and stingers) fall into practice, which provides a reliable basis for the "raising the voice in the desert" in front, and also lays the foundation for the "marching into the Huns and leaving the ancient spirits humble" in the second half.
■ The second half writes about the performance of the ranger in resisting foreign aggression. Here, in order to further develop the characters' personalities, poets describe them in battle scenes.
"Border town more alert, Land Rover migration. Feathers come from the north and horses climb the embankment. " The dragon drives like Xiongnu, while the left is humble. "
These six sentences are the first layer. Write about the critical situation caused by foreign invasion. The young ranger bravely killed the enemy, repelled the enemy and successfully defended the frontier. The poet first wrote that the border situation was urgent, and Xiongnu and Xianbei often invaded it, paving the way for the emergence of ranger teenagers. Then he wrote that when the country was in danger ("the feather state came from the north"), the ranger boy resolutely climbed the levee with great courage and went to the battlefield without hesitation. This action is not only the inevitable result of the character described above, but also his expression of confidence in winning the battle. Then, the poet did not describe in detail how the ranger heroically killed and defeated the enemy in the battle, as he described the superb martial arts of the ranger, but only used two sentences: "March straight into the Huns, Zuo Guling is humble", which showed the heroic achievements of the ranger very concisely. This meticulous and appropriate writing method not only saves pen and ink, but also highlights the center.
"Abandon the blade, a lifetime can be pregnant? Parents don't care, how can you talk about children and wives? A famous person is a strong person, and he must not be selfish. " I died in a national disaster and suddenly felt as if I were dead. "
These eight sentences are the second level, revealing the inner world of the ranger and pushing the characterization to a new peak. It shows that the reason why the ranger can ""is not only because of his high martial arts, but more importantly, he has the ideological realm and lofty spirit of giving up his life and forgetting his country. This makes the heroic image of the ranger full of flesh and blood and deeply embedded in the readers' hearts.