Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), also known as "Jingjie", was born in Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside. He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.
Literary thoughts:
Tao Yuanming was a great thinker in the Middle Ages. His literary thought is an important part of the literary thought in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. His understanding of truth not only pays attention to the truth of history and life, but also pays attention to the truth of thoughts, feelings and ambitions, which is a perfect artistic truth. At the same time, his understanding of nature also shows the uniqueness of his literary thought. He doesn't talk about enlightenment, he doesn't carve things, he pays attention to the free expression of emotions and the naturalness of poetry, which is a very high realm. However, both advocating artistic truth and advocating literary essence are for the free expression of life. This is the soul of Tao Yuanming's literary thought.
Tao Yuanming has a very clear understanding of the hypocrisy and darkness of social personnel, so his seclusion is not a passive escape from reality, but has a profound positive significance in criticizing social reality. When he was caught in the predicament of hunger and cold in his long seclusion, although he hesitated and wavered, he did not give in to the reality in the end, preferring poverty and sticking to chastity all his life. It is said that the county magistrate sent Du You to see him, and the county official told him to get dressed to see him. He sighed and said, "How can I bow down to the children in the village?" From then on, it is better to talk about not bending over for five buckets of rice. Tao Yuanming likes drinking, and "sending wine as a trace" expresses his desire not to collude with the decadent ruling group, and shows the poet's indifferent and broad-minded mind and aloof and noble character. It is precisely because of this that his works are plain but poetic.
There are more than one hundred and forty articles in * * *, and the allusions of Liezi and Zhuangzi are quoted for more than seventy times, so we cannot but deeply accept the thoughts of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. Tao Yuanming advocates the natural aesthetics of Laozi and Zhuangzi, while living and working in the countryside. Naturally, rural life became his aesthetic objectification, which made China's pastoral poems brilliant. Tao Yuanming's poetic beauty thought of taking nature as beauty and truth as beauty shines on poetry, illuminates the personality of the characters, and makes readers strongly feel the poet's arrogant and unyielding personality charm of pursuing freedom. Reflected in the content, it is to introduce rural life into the world of poetry and open up a new world for the development of China's poetry; Infiltrating into art is to produce a true and simple artistic realm and an aesthetic style that dilutes nature. This is the great poet Tao Yuanming. For thousands of years, his personality, his poems, his pastoral poems, together with his leisure, have become the objects of worship and research by later poets and readers, which is enough to show that his aesthetic thoughts have infinite vitality.
Anecdotal allusions:
Kudo Jin Lu JIU
Tao Yuanming is making wine. The county will visit. When the wine was ripe, Tao Yuanming took off the towel on his head and soaked it down. After filtering, he still covered his head with a towel and received him.
String-less piano
Tao Yuanming has an unpretentious piano without strings. Whenever he has a drinking party, he touches it to express his interest.
What I yearn for is what my friend just sent me, and I do whatever I want.
When Wang Hong was doing Jiangzhou secretariat, Tao Yuanming picked a handful of chrysanthemums in Dongli and sat next to it on the Double Ninth Festival. After a while, Tao Yuanming saw a man in white coming. It turned out that Wang Hong, the secretariat, brought him wine. Yuan Ming immediately had a drink and came home drunk.
Moral
In order to support his family, Tao Yuanming came to Pengze, not far from his hometown, as a county magistrate. That winter, the county magistrate sent a tour to pengze county to supervise the government. Du You has low taste and some power. Speak with your mouth in front of the satrap. Du You, who was sent here this time, is a vulgar and arrogant person. As soon as he arrived at Penzer's guest house, he sent a county magistrate to call a county magistrate to see him. Tao Yuanming usually despises fame and fortune, refuses to obey orders, despises such a person who gives orders in the name of a higher level, but he wants to see it again, so he set off at once. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate stopped Tao Yuanming and said, "My Lord, Du, you should wear official clothes and a big belt, otherwise it will be indecent. Du, you take the opportunity to make a scene, which is not good for adults! " Therefore, Tao Yuanming couldn't stand it any longer. Sighed and said, "I can't bend over to the villains in the village for five buckets of rice!" " "He said, and simply took out the official seal, stamped it, immediately wrote his resignation letter, and then left Peng Ze, who had only been the county magistrate for more than 80 days.
Measure shoes
Tao Yuanming has no shoes, and Wang Hong's people help him make them. The men asked him how big Tao Yuanming's feet were. Tao Yuanming sat down and stretched out his feet for them to measure.
Gong Yan paid for the drinks.
When Yan Yanzhi worked in the logistics department of Liu Liu, he had a good friendship with Tao Qian. Later, Yan Yanzhi was an official in Shi 'an County. He passed by Tao Qian's place every day and went to Tao Qian's house. When he left, Yan Yanzhi left Tao Qian twenty thousand yuan, and Tao Qian sent all the money to the restaurant, so it would be much more convenient to take wine later. No matter who comes to Tao Qian, he will give a banquet to entertain the guests. If Tao Qian gets drunk first, he will say to the guests, "I am drunk and want to go to bed." You can go back. " That is his honest temperament.
I'm drunk enough to sleep.
No matter how high or low, as long as someone visits Tao Yuanming, as long as he has wine, he will drink it with the guests. If Tao Yuanming is drunk in front of the guests, he will say to the guests, "I am drunk and want to sleep." Please leave. " This is the truth of roundness.