Author: Li Bai-smelling the flute on a spring night in Los Angeles.
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Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
In this serenade, I heard the breaking sound of willow trees. No one can miss home!
Appreciate:
Los Angeles is now Luoyang, Henan. It was a very prosperous city in the Tang Dynasty and was called the East Capital. On a spring night, the lights of thousands of households gradually went out, and the noise of the day had long been calm. Suddenly there was a loud flute, and sad and euphemistic tunes flew over Los Angeles with the spring breeze. At this time, a poet who is far away from home is still asleep. He stood by the window, staring at the bright moon like a "white jade plate" alone, listening to the distant flute, lost in thought. The flute plays a song "Folding Willow", which belongs to the ancient music of Han Yuefu and expresses the pain of parting. In ancient times, when parting, willow branches were often broken off from the roadside to send; Willow, willow is just to express their reluctance. On such a spring night, listening to such a song full of parting feelings, who can not miss homesickness? Therefore, the poet couldn't help singing this four-line poem.
This poem closely follows the word "smell" throughout, expressing his feeling of smelling the flute. I don't know whose flute this is. The piper who didn't show up just boasted, listened to it, and was not prepared to let others know about him, but unexpectedly touched many listeners. This is the meaning of the word "dark" in Whose Jade Emperor flies secretly. "Scattered in the spring breeze in Los Angeles" is an artistic exaggeration. In the poet's imagination, this beautiful flute flew all over Los Angeles, as if the whole city had heard it. The poet's exaggeration is not without life basis. The flute is originally a high note. When it is quiet, with the help of the spring breeze, it is not an exaggeration to say that it flies all over Los Angeles.
The flute came, and I didn't know what it was at first sight. After listening carefully for a while, I realized that it was a broken willow. That's why I wrote the third sentence saying, "I heard the willow break in this serenade." The rhetoric of this sentence is very particular, not listening to a broken willow song, but saying that I heard a broken willow in music. The word "folding willow" refers not only to the title of the song, but also to the title of the song. Folding willow represents a custom, a scene and an emotion, and folding willow is almost synonymous with parting. It can evoke a series of concrete memories and reawaken people's homesickness. "Who can't stand homesickness" seems to refer to others and everyone, but isn't it Li Bai himself who is homesick first?
Loving one's hometown is a noble emotion, which is interlinked with patriotism. I was born in Sri Lanka and grew up in my hometown. As a member of the motherland, her image is particularly unforgettable. Li Bai's poem is about smelling the flute, but its significance is not limited to describing music, but also expresses his yearning for his hometown, which is its touching place.
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author: Li Bai-"Grandma Pavilion"
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The saddest place in the world is this farewell acie law.
Spring breeze will also want to leave the pain of parting, instead of urging this willow tree to turn green.
Appreciate:
The Old Pavilion, built in the Three Kingdoms and the Wu Dynasty, is located in the south of Nanjing today, which is an ancient farewell place. When Li Bai wrote this quatrain, it was in the early spring and the wicker was not green. But what the poet wants to write is not the spring scenery of this ancient pavilion, but just because of the land, expressing feelings with scenery and expressing people's parting pain with the pavilion as the topic.
The first two sentences of the poem, "The world is cold, and guests are sent to pavilions", break the theme and go straight to the theme with extremely refined pen and ink and highly generalized techniques. In terms of sentence meaning, these two sentences are Qu Yuan's Nine Songs. Shao Siming said that "being sad is sad, being apart is sad", and Jiang Yan said in Beppu that "the ecstatic people just leave". But since the poet took the pavilion as the topic, he went beyond it. Through the first floor, he didn't say that the saddest thing in the world is to leave, only that the saddest thing in the world is to leave the pavilion. In this way, we can look at the song from the viewpoint, write about the parting place and the pavilion to see the guests off, so that the statement will be more brilliant, the thinking will be more detached, and the readers will be influenced by the pavilion and people because of the place and things.
However, the strength of this poem is not the above two sentences, but the last two. In the last two poems, the poet has pushed the poetry to the peak in order to effectively express the theme and express the pain of parting. There seems to be nothing to say, and there is no room for further wandering. If the last two sentences are simply derived from the last two sentences, then the whole poem will be weak and tasteless. The poet thought about it, suddenly turned his pen to the scene where the wicker was not green outside the pavilion, and continued to write the whole article with the words "Don't suffer from the spring breeze, don't turn the wicker green".
This unexpected genius pen comes from the poet's rich association. Wen Xin Diao Long. Looking for an article said: "Poets have a sense of things, and associations are not poor. "Poetry often comes from association. Poets should be good at thinking from A and B, and from B and C. The wider the association and the more twists and turns, the deeper and more intriguing the poem will be. In ancient times, there was a custom of breaking willows to bid farewell, so some poets often thought of willows and made a fuss about them when writing farewell. For example, Wang Zhihuan's "Farewell": "Liu Yang Dongfeng Tree, Qingqing Yu Jiajia River; The recent ups and downs should be due to a lot of separation, that is, from Liu Shang, the concept is also very deep; But as far as the poet's association is concerned, just linking the farewell with the willow tree is inherently related. Although the poem says that the willow tree is an "easterly tree", it does not associate farewell with the easterly wind. Li Bai's two poems not only think of breaking the willow for parting, but also think that the willow eye will be led by the spring breeze, thus linking the two things that were originally irrelevant. If the association of Wang's poems is direct, then the association of Li's poems is indirect, and the wings of association will fly further.
It should be said that in ancient poetry, it is not unique to write a poem from "Farewell to Folding Willow" to "From Willow to Spring Breeze". Juyuan Yang's "Folding Willow": "The willow at the water's edge bends the dust, which immediately bothers you to fold one; There is a spring breeze that cherishes you the most, and diligence blows into your hands. " It is also ingenious, but compared with these two poems by Li Bai, it is not surprising that they are ingenious, and Li Bai combines association with whimsy. The poet had a whim, because the wicker was not green, and there were no branches to fold when he sent it away. He thinks this is because the spring breeze deliberately doesn't blow wicker and deliberately doesn't let it turn blue. The reason why the spring breeze doesn't let the wicker turn blue is because he knows the pain of parting and can't bear to see the sight of people breaking willows. Judging from the poet's conception, this is an association and a whimsy; But from the artistic point of view, this is to express emotion with things, to empathize with scenery, to write the original ignorant and heartless spring breeze with knowledge and affection, so that it can share the parting and sad heart with the people who are about to leave, thus turning it into me and making it the emotional embodiment of the poet. Li E praised these two poems in A Brief Record of Poems, and pointed out that their "beauty lies in the words" knowing "and" not sending ",which is a one-sentence comment.
The first sentence of Li Shangyin's poem "Give a Folding Willow from the Pavilion" is similar to Li Bai's poem: "Don't worry about wine for the time being, frown and slim your waist. There is only one thing before the end of the world, and the spring breeze strives to cherish the strip. " In contrast, these two poems are all about leaving the pavilion, thinking of willow from parting, and thinking of spring breeze from willow. They also wrote that Chunfeng knew the pain of parting and was full of sympathy for human parting. However, the starting point of the two poems is the same, but the conclusion is completely opposite: Li Bai's imaginary spring breeze doesn't let the willow turn green because he doesn't want to see the scene of willow breaking; However, Li Shangyin imagined that the spring breeze would make people express their feelings from folding willows and get a little comfort when they were leaving, and they would not hesitate to climb willows. This shows that the same theme can have different ideas and different writing methods. The poet's imagination can fly freely, and the imaginary world is infinitely vast.
Li Bai-"Nagato's Two Complaints"
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The sky belongs to Beidou and hangs on the west building, and there is no firefly in the golden house.
Moonlight wants to reach Nagato Hall, so don't worry about the palace.
In Guidian, the long sorrow does not remember spring, and the golden house has autumn dust.
Hanging in the clear sky at night, people take photos alone in Nagato Palace.
Appreciate:
Nagato's Complaint is an ancient Yuefu poem. According to the record of Yuefu Solving Problems, the author of Nagato Complaint was written by Queen Chen. After retiring to Nagato Palace, I felt depressed and sad. ..... Item wrote "Changmen Fu". ..... Later generations "resented" because of their "fu". "Queen Chen, nicknamed Gillian, is the queen of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu was a child, he said, "I got Gillian as my wife and kept it as a golden house. "Li Bai's two poems are based on this old topic to write imperial secretary's heart. These two poems express the same theme. From a single point of view, the layout of dreams is different, and together, it is wonderful.
The first song, all scenery, no characters. And the feelings in the scene emerge on paper; The people outside the painting are ready to come out.
The first two sentences of the poem, "When the sky belongs to Beidou and hangs on the West Building, there is no firefly in the Golden House", point out that the time is midnight, the season is cool autumn, and the place is empty and cold. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many poems about palace grievances and Nagato grievances, and the artistic conception was often similar. Shen Quanqi's "Nagato Complaints" has "the jade steps smell the fallen leaves, and the waves see the flying fireflies."
Sentences, Zhang Xiuzhi's "Nagato Complain" has the sentence "Jade steps cover grass, the golden house covers dust", which are all similar scenery to render the environmental atmosphere, but not as infectious as Li Bai's two poems. Of the two sentences, the first sentence uses the word "line" and the second sentence uses the word "flow", which gives people an extremely bleak feeling.
The last two sentences of the poem, "The moon desires to go to the long hall, and there is no need to worry in the deep palace", which points out the meaning of the problem and subtly leads to melancholy through the moonlight. Nagato Complaint by Shen Quanqi and Zhang Xiuzhi also wrote moonlight and Nagato Palace. Shen's poems "Bright Moon Pine is Popular, Two Visits to the Imperial Court" and "The Scenery in Nagato is Exhausted, and the Bridal Chamber is Bright in Autumn" are both plain and straightforward, not as wonderful as Li Bai's two poems. Originally, the imperial secretary was worried when he saw the moon, or the moonlight shone on the sad people, but these two poems did not let the characters appear, saying that sadness was "made" by the moonlight, and the pen was ethereal and the idea was strange. The beauty of the previous sentence lies in the word "desire to arrive", which is like the moonlight running freely in the sky and deliberately coming here to worry; If we say "sparkling" or "already here", it becomes common language and becomes dull. The beauty of the latter sentence lies in the word "don't do it", which is thought-provoking. The implication is that in the deep palace, the sorrow is as deep as the sea, and there is moonlight everywhere, but I just "quit" for a while when I went to Nagato Hall. It can also be understood as: the palace is an unequal world, and those who are happy are happy, while those who suffer are bitter. As Pei Jiaotai's "Nagato's Complaint" said, "A moth puts out the fire on the moonlit eyebrows, and the Nangong song manages Gong Bei's worries." The moonlight shines in the happiness of Nangong where the emperor is located, and then in Nagato where the imperial secretary lives. "Don't be sad".
From the perspective of the whole poem, what is presented to the readers is a picture of a deep palace on a moonlit night, with the horizontal slope of bucket handle as the perspective and the fireflies in an empty house as the close-up view. This realm is so gloomy and cold that readers don't have to see the people living in it, but their plight and depression can be imagined.
The second poem focuses on romance. The whole article is based on their own feelings to look at things and write about the scenery, which makes the scenery extremely emotional. The word "sorrow" was written from beginning to end, and the word "sorrow" was revealed at the beginning of this song, indicating that everything written below was seen and felt by sad people.
The first sentence of the poem, "Gui Dian's long sorrow doesn't remember spring", not only reveals the word "sorrow", but also this kind of sorrow is "long sorrow", that is to say, the people in the poem are not worried about the bleak scenery of the current autumn night, but have been worried for many years, even if spring comes to the earth and everything recovers, it can't alleviate this kind of sorrow at all; Because of her sadness, she can't feel spring, or even remember it. The second sentence of the poem, "The golden house hides the charming autumn dust", is in harmony with the second sentence of the previous poem. Because the Golden House is empty, the "Golden Four Houses" are dusty; Because it is the season of "firefly flow", the following three or four sentences in Autumn Dust "Hanging the clear sky at night and looking at the people in Nagato Palace alone" echo the previous three or four sentences from a distance. Before writing, Moonlight wanted to go to Nagato, but she couldn't. Here, it is said that the moon is high in the sky, it has arrived in Nagato, and the reader finally saw the "people in Nagato Palace" in the moonlight.
This "Nagato Palace Man" has different feelings about seasons, environment and moonlight. Spring comes year after year, saying "I don't remember spring" seems that spring hasn't come for a long time; The dust in the house does not belong to any season, but "autumn dust" gives the dust a bleak sense of season; The bright moon hangs high in the sky, shining on all beings, saying "solitude" is like "the bright moon deliberately suffers" (translated by Tang Ruxun in Tang poetry). These are all "unreasonable wonders" that He Shang said in Wrinkled Water Xuan Ci. From this point of view, sad people have different arms. The whole poem is written in depth.
The last two sentences of these two poems, like the last sentence of Wang Changling's Autumn Hatred in the West Palace, are all from Sima Xiangru's Changmen Fu, which says, "Hang the bright moon and look at yourself, and spend the night in the bridal chamber". However, the hero in Wang's poems hopes to please the king in grief and indignation, and his fate is not satisfactory. However, the flexible use of the language of fu has formed another realm. Although he took complaining as the theme, he failed to grasp the reality of Queen Chen. The poem shows the miserable situation of the vast number of ladies-in-waiting living in the deep palace of hell on earth, revealing the corner of the cold feudal system.
Li Bai —— The Crying Chao Qing Heng
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Japanese friend Chao Heng Heren said goodbye to Chang 'an and returned to Penglai Islands in the east.
Like a bright moon, the sea does not return, and the mood of missing you is like a faint cloud hanging over Yuntai Mountain.
Appreciate:
Chao Heng, also known as Chao Heng, is a Japanese, formerly known as Abe Zhongma Road. In the fifth year of Tang Kaiyuan (7 17), he sent a delegation of Tang envoys to China for the ninth time to study. After finishing his studies, he stayed in the Tang court as an official and worked as a servant in Zuobuque, Zuosanqi and Zhennan. He had a deep friendship with famous poets such as Li Bai and Wang Wei at that time, and they sang together. In the 12th year of Tianbao, Chao Heng returned to Japan as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty with the 11th Japanese delegation to the Tang Dynasty. On the way, he met a strong wind and was said to have drowned. This poem of Li Bai was written at this time.
The title of the poem is "Crying", which shows the poet's grief of losing his friends and their sincere feelings beyond their nationality, and makes the poem shrouded in a layer of sadness.
"Japanese and Korean officials wrote about the imperial capital" refers to Chang 'an and Kyoto in the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of poetry, people and things are directly pointed out by the method of fu. The poet recalled the grand occasion of sending Chao Heng back to China not long ago: Tang Xuanzong personally wrote poems to his friends to express his good wishes and ardent hopes. Chao Heng also wrote a poem to show his farewell.
"Sail around the pot", following the previous sentence. The author's thoughts from near to far, with imagination, infer various scenes of Chao Heng sailing at sea. Set sail is written to life. The ship is sailing on the boundless sea, bumping up and down with the wind and waves, hiding from time to time, looking from a distance, like a leaf floating on the water. The word "around Penghu" is more subtle after "closing sails". "Penghu" is the legendary Penglai Fairy Island, which generally refers to the "Three Gods Mountain" overseas, in order to combine the characteristics of many islands on Chao Heng's way home and correspond to the word "around". At the same time, "sail", drifting and sailing also imply that Chao Heng is about to die.
"The bright moon does not return to the blue sea, and the white clouds are exhausted." In these two sentences, the poet highly praised Chao Heng and expressed his infinite nostalgia. The previous sentence implies that Chao Heng was killed, and the bright moon symbolizes Chao Heng's noble character, while Chao Heng drowned in the sea, just like the bright bright moon drowned in the blue sea, with profound implications and beautiful artistic realm. Combined with the description of the navigation environment in the couplet above, it is natural and appropriate, which makes people feel infinite regret and sorrow. The last sentence is about feelings with scenery, which is very exciting. Cangwu refers to Yuzhou Mountain. According to unified records, Yuzhou Mountain is located in Haizhou, Huai 'an Prefecture, Beihai, Shandong Province. Chao Heng's misfortune not only made the poet extremely sad, but also made Tianyu look sad. There are layers of white clouds hanging over Cangwu Mountain in the sea, mourning the death of Chao Heng. Here, the poet expresses his sadness by personifying the sadness of white clouds, which makes the poem more tortuous and implicit, and makes the tragic atmosphere more rich and memorable.
Poetry is shallow and obvious. In this poem, Li Bai expresses his feelings about the death of his friend and his extreme grief with beautiful metaphors and rich associations, which is implicit, rich and unconventional, and reflects his extraordinary artistic talent.
Li Bai's poems and songs are always fresh and natural, romantic and elegant. In this short poem, we can also appreciate his unique style. Although it is a mourning poem, it is natural and natural to send feelings to the scenery and express grief through the scenery.
The friendship between Li Bai and Chao Heng is not only a much-told story in the literary world in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but also a beautiful page in the history of friendly exchanges between the Chinese and Japanese peoples.
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Li Bai-"Crying Xuancheng is Good for Brewing"
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The old spring will be brewed in Ji Minruo's grave.
Who will the wine be sold to on a night without Li Bai?
Appreciate:
This five-line poem was written by Li Bai in Xuancheng to commemorate an old master who is good at brewing. Things are very common, and poems are only a few words, but they have always been loved by future generations because they express sincere and touching feelings in simple language.
The death of Ji Chui aroused the poet's deep regret and nostalgia. The poet imagined the life of the old brewer after his death. Since he was able to brew old spring wine for Li Bai before his death, he will continue to brew alcohol bars under the grave now! This seems to be an absurd assumption of the poet, but it is so serious and sad that readers can easily accept it emotionally and feel that this fantasy is in line with human feelings.
Then, the poet thought further along this line: Ji Zuo is still working after his death, but life and death are different. How can he ask Li Bai to drink his wine? Thought of here, the poet is even more sad. In order to express this strong sadness, he asked in a rhetorical sentence, "Master! You went to the dark world like the night, and I, Li Bai, am still alive. Who are you going to sell the old spring wine to? " According to the meaning of these two poems, it seems that Jizuo lived exclusively for Li Bai, and the wine he brewed was only appreciated by Li Bai. This kind of idea is obviously an unreasonable dementia idea, but it can better explain that the poet and Ji Chui have deep feelings at ordinary times and are rare bosom friends. How sad where will you go is now!
Selling wine and making wine were the most common contacts between Li Bai and Jizuo. However, this seemingly ordinary little thing is the most memorable and easy to cause sadness. Poets are good at grasping this point and giving it a romantic color. His feelings are sincere, natural and touching.
Li Bai-"Hanlin is a scholar of reading and speaking"
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It's forbidden in the morning and waiting for Jinmen at night.
Reading is scattered, exploring the ancient and the poor.
If you understand a paragraph, you will hide it and laugh.
Blue Fly is good, but Snow White is difficult to tune.
This is to evacuate people, and it is repeatedly publicized.
The sky is clear and the forest is full of memories.
Sometimes the breeze comes and the idle bar screams.
Tonglu Creek in Yan Guang, and Cape in Xie Ke.
Thank you for your success. You have been fishing ever since.
Appreciate:
From the first year to the third year of Tianbao (742-744), Li Bai was an academician in Chang 'an. At that time, there were two bachelor's colleges in the imperial capital. First, Jixian Dian Academy, whose main duty is to act as a scholar and undertake the task of drafting cabinet documents; The other is Hanlin College, which specializes in writing important documents for the emperor. The members of the two academies are called bachelor's degrees, while the Hanlin bachelor's degree is close to the emperor, with a small number, so its status is higher than that of Jixian bachelor's degree. Li Bai was recruited by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty as a full-time academician. The more popular he became, there were many rumors that he was highly valued by Tang Xuanzong. In fact, the emperor only regarded him as a scholar with special talents, and often asked him to enter the palace to write poems for singing and entertainment. He came to his senses and gradually came to his senses. At the same time, the lucky honor also brought him criticism, even slander, which made him very uncomfortable. This poem was written by him to the bachelor of Jixian Academy. The poem explains the situation, answers the criticism, expresses the feelings, states the interests, and expresses the feelings of unpaid ambition with a charming celebrity style.
The first two sentences interrupt the theme and point out the situation. He said that he went to imperial academy in the imperial city every day and waited for orders from morning till night, much like Dong Fangshuo's "closeness" to the emperor. "Golden Gate" refers to the Golden Horse Gate of the Imperial Palace in the Han Dynasty, which is the place where doctors and gentlemen in the Imperial Palace meet for imperial edict. Hanshu. According to Biography of Dong Fangshuo, Dong Fangshuo "needs to be close to the Golden Horse Gate". Dong Fangshuo, secretly regarded by Li Bai as a jester of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, has a delicate position and is ridiculous and pathetic in nature, which is not enviable.
Then, the poet wrote that he was studying in imperial academy to relieve boredom. It is rare to read the secrets of the palace. If we explore the wisdom of ancient writings, we can't help but close the book and laugh happily, even if it's only a few words. On the surface, the leisure of the poet's reading shows that this kind of happy reading is just a frustrated sustenance, which reflects his boredom and boredom when he works in the Hanlin Academy.
Then the poet remembered those criticisms and slanders. Dong Fangshuo once quoted the article "Running the Green Fly" in the Book of Songs, warning the emperor to "be smart and quit slandering". He also used the green fly as a metaphor for snobbish and vulgar people, and "Chun Xue" as a metaphor for his ambition and sentiment. Li Bai thinks he is an open-minded and generous person, but those little people repeatedly attack him for being narrow-minded and extreme. Obviously, the poet hates the buzz of flies very much, but he also feels that there is no need to care about them because of helplessness. He wants to be detached with contempt. On the contrary, the happiness written in the last four sentences is unpleasant. These four sentences are written to express self-satisfaction and lofty ideals in difficulties, which are opposite and complementary, and all show the poet's demeanor as a celebrity and his feelings as a benevolent person.
However, in fact, the poet's mood is bored and depressed. Therefore, he expressed his nostalgia and yearning for the secluded mountains in the past. When the poet was reading, he seemed to accidentally see the sky outside the house. He felt happy for a while and then remembered the free life in the mountains. Sometimes the breeze blows into this dreary academician courtyard, and he can't help walking to the porch, leaning against the railing and sighing leisurely. These four sentences also describe the leisurely and boring life of the Hanlin Academy, but further, they put forward the idea that it is better to be an official than to live in seclusion, which obviously shows the meaning of seclusion.
The last four sentences clearly state the interest and destination. Say you don't envy money like Yan Ziling, but have sex with mountains and rivers like Xie Lingyun. Joining the WTO as an official is only to pursue political ideals. Once the ideal is realized and achieved, it will bid farewell to the secular and retire to the mountains. Obviously, the poet actively expressed his thoughts, but also further answered criticism and slander, which boils down to the theme of "speech cup"
This poem has many lines of even sentences, but it is fluent and natural. In terms of expression and artistic style, it clearly draws lessons from the kind of "structural prose, straight but not wild, tactfully attached to things, lyrical with melancholy" in Wen Xin Diao Long. Ming poetry), but novel and full of personality. With the demeanor of a celebrity, the way of talking with friends, and the joys and sorrows of Hanlin's life, the whole poem expresses the sadness of being in a privileged position and losing his ideals, revealing the original ambition of "if you are rich, you will help the world, and if you are poor, you will be alone." It is eloquent, fresh in words, endowed with structure, graceful and straightforward, easy to understand, hidden in cotton, and has a unique interest in Tang poetry.