[Tang] Wang Wei
There were no hermits in the era of political clarity, and the service talents were for the administration of the imperial court.
Even you, a mountain hermit, no longer imitate Boyi and Shu Qi Shu Qi to pluck hair.
It's fate that you can't get into the Golden Horse Gate. Who says I'm wrong?
You passed by JAC during the Cold Food Festival last year and stayed in Beijing.
We also bid farewell to the wine on the outskirts of Chang' an, and our bosom friends will be separated from me now.
You are going to sail south, and you can detain your Chai Men in a few days.
The trees in the distant mountains cover your shadow, and the sunset is beautiful and colorful.
When you were not hired, it was purely accidental. Don't think that this friend is rare!
About "you will float to the door of your thatched cottage again in a cinnamon boat"
Yu Shouzhen's "Detailed Interpretation of 300 Tang Poems" said: "The fourth sentence of the third paragraph is to bid farewell to home. It means that I will come to see you by boat soon after saying goodbye, which shows the sincerity of their friendship. " (Zhonghua Book Company, 1985 edition, page 2)
The meaning of these two sentences is closely related to the last sentence "I will be left here by my bosomfriend soon". The subject is obviously "concentric", that is, soul mate, which means "don't dive". So, instead of saying "I will visit you by boat soon", say that I will go home by boat without diving. Yun's hometown is in Jingnan, Wang Wei is from Hedong, and now he is in the capital Chang 'an. Jingnan is in Hubei today; Hedong is in Shanxi today, and Chang 'an is in Shaanxi today, which is far from the south of Beijing. In ancient times with underdeveloped transportation, if there were no special circumstances, the poet would not make such a promise easily.
Changling's "Farewell to Liu" poem says: "It's cold and rainy in the world, and it's cloudy in Chuncheng. A statue of Guangling wine will last for ten years. Rely on unpredictability, joys and sorrows are easy to find. What will happen now when we meet and leave each other? Above the rivers and seas, the clouds are deeper than Gyeonggi. Doing business and riding horses. " Liu Changqing's poem "Sending Wang Duangong to Beijing" said: "I have no home visit in my old country, but I also envy returning. After hundreds of battles, the guests passed the second mausoleum. Autumn grass rides, and the cold city shines. When he was a consultant, Wu Chu was very hungry. " Gao Shi's poem "Sending Li Seventeen in Hexi" said: "How far is the border town? It's not a waste. Be polite to meet talented people, students and teenagers. Go out to watch the sunset and drive the horse to autumn. High-priced people compete for weight and business is early. " Han Yi's poem "Send Reese to Jiangxi Ambassador" says: "Set the edition to say goodbye to Hanting and sail to Chu Curtain. Sanjiang city turns around, and people in Jiuli Park. Good wine is close to Yicheng, and poetry can thank recreation. Rainy and sunny Xishan trees, sunrise Nanchang Guo. Bamboo dew point towel, lake smoke wet key master Cang Yu Pei, after riding a golden net. Gao shiling eight States, the same period. Business confidant, flying from now on. " Li Yi's poem "Send an Imperial Envoy to Xifan to Send a Title to Xichuan" says: "The palace of the cool king is exhausted, and there are no clouds in the west. Today, when I heard of your special envoy, I was ambitious. When doing business, you can take advantage of the mud. The old country came for no reason and bothered you to dismount. " Li Duan's poem "Send the Song School Book to Xuanzhou Curtain" says: "Uphold the grass, and future generations will drive away Jiang Chun. Stay away from readers and be a guest in business. The night tide washed the old trees, and the rain broke. Many herons are injured, and Yan Jiade is in people. " The second of Meng Jiao's twelve poems "Seeing the Duke of Dan" says: "Sitting and loving grass means the coast. See the water alone, don't ask people. Wash your hands with mirror waves, and flowers will spring into your heart. Although external contact is prevented, changing clothes is also a helpless move. Translate words to comfort this hospitality. " Zhang Ji's poem "Send Zheng Xiucai to Mothering" said: "The color of Guangxi is clothes, and the business envoys return. The tide is far in the evening and the rain is sparse in the day. When the fly matures, seagulls will fly in the anchorage. Let's stay away from piano playing, and Shan Yu will shine. " They are all farewell works, and the "things" in the poem are all about what will happen to the people who are sent. The example is the same, so you can see it.
Spend the night on Jiande River.
meng haoran
Stop the boat in a foggy small state, when new worries come to the guest's heart.
The vastness of the wilderness is deeper than trees, and the moon is very close to the moon.
About "How close the moon is to us and how clear the water is!"
Mr. Liu Yongji's "Essence of Tang Poetry" said: "The third sentence talks about prospects, and the wilderness is as low as the sky. The fourth sentence is a close-up. Jiang Qing feels that the moon is close to people. There is a feeling of vastness and loneliness in the overall vision, and the so-called' new guest worry' is also. The poet has feelings in the landscape, so does this poem. You can't just enjoy the work of writing landscapes, but you can't see where their guests are. " (People's Literature Publishing House 198 1 Edition, page 42)
The "moon" in this sentence refers to the reflection of the moon in the river. The moon is in the water and the passenger ship is in the water, so it is said that "the moon is close to people." The function of this sentence in the whole poem is not to double the "guest worry", but to moderately reduce the "guest worry": as the "moon" approaches the poet, his loneliness will not be too strong. From the composition point of view, the sentence "and the sun is fading, the old memories begin" is push-pull and wonderful; If you push another sentence, "and the sun is getting dark, the old memories begin", it seems a little too peaceful to put it up after pushing it again and again.
spring scenery
[Tang] Du Fu
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
About "After Three Months of War"
Song Zhaogong's Note: "This poem was written in the first month of the fifteenth year of Tianbao. Mount Gailu was in November of the fourteenth year, even after three months of war. " (Guo Songzhida's "Du Fu Jiu Ji" Volume 19 "Wen Yuan Ge Si Ku Quan Shu")
Song Cai Mengbi's Poems on Du Gongbu Caotang (Volume 9) said: "The examination was made at the end of the fifteenth year of Tianbao. Gai An Lushan was in November of the fourteenth year, even after three months of war. " (First Edition of Series Integration, page 370)
Song Huanghe notes, "In the fifteenth year of Tianbao, in the first month, Ming Di was unlucky for Shu, and ordered the prince of Wu to beg An Lushan with Li Guangbi and others only in the current season, so is it safe to call it a' national mourning'? At that time, the public were all in Fengxian, and they didn't enter in May. The road is not over yet, and books are still difficult to get. Zhao notes that the period from November of the 14th year to the first month of the following year is March, so he lost the test. When it was written in March of the second year of Zhide,' March' pointed to March. " (Original Song Huang Xi and Huang He's Supplement to Du Shi (Volume 19) Wen Yuan Ge Si Ku Quan Shu)
One of the third volumes of Qing Pu Qilong's Reading Du Xin Jie said: "More than a year has passed since the Lushan disaster. Crane (press: yellow crane) speaks well, but not syntactically. History, last spring, Tongguan was not broken, but there were police. This cloud "March in a row" means that it has met two March. The poem was written in Ji Chun, so someone listened. " (Zhonghua Book Company 196 1 Edition, Volume 2, p. 363)
Xiao Difei's Notes on Selected Poems of Du Fu said: "This work was written in March (757) in the second year of Zhide. ..... March, refers to March in Ji Chun. Even March, even two March, means that we have been fighting since last year. " (People's Literature Publishing House, 1979, pp. 72-73)
It is reported that although Zhao Cigong and Cai Mengbi have a wrong understanding of the chronology of Du Fu's poem, their understanding of "marching in a row" is not wrong. DUZH and Yu Biyun's On Poetic Realm also hold this view, which can be described as well-read. The usage of "even a few months" is also exemplified in the Collected Works of the Tang Dynasty. For example, the epitaph to Qiu Niu Gong written by Du Mu, the late founding duke of Emperor Taizong (according to Niu Senru) said: "Jing Zong acceded to the throne and feasted with warriors all day long, hoping that Taoist priests in the world would live forever." Gong Ji remonstrated, saying, "Your Majesty, don't recite the five thousand words of Emperor Xuanyuan, for your own safety. Taoist priests are all mediocrities, boasting and deceiving the weak. Is learning from others enough? "If you are under one year old, please return it. It is not allowed. Even in April, the sick word was used in the daytime, and the Wuchang Army built six States in Hubei and Guangdong, and it was my time to be the official minister and official seal of the Ministry of Rites. " This "April day" obviously means more than four months in a row. In addition, Song Li Mi Fei's poem "Use high rhyme when traveling with my cousin in Shimen" said: "If you are sick, you should avoid alcohol in March and seek mountains in spring." Once upon a time, the poem "Huaiyu Mountain in Yingxian County is really wet in response to the rain" said: "It rains for three months, and the rain is worth thousands of dollars." Chen Yuan's "Answer to Li Guangzu's Letter" said: "Yuan has been in Taiwan for more than four months, and things are getting more and more hectic, and there is not much time in an instant. In order to stay in the fast in March, I have to answer my relatives' books. " Zhou Zizhi's poem "Thoughts on Two Rhymes in the East Pond" says: "Feng Gongzi has much to do, and he is impatient with autumn. ..... It's still March, and the poem should be written as four worries. " Shi Hong's "Sacrifice to the South China Sea Hall" said: "Zhang Gong rebelled against the baby city for three months, so he was born with teeth and lost his reputation!" Fan Chengda's poem "Autumn Thunder Sighs" said: "The summer drought has been in March, and the complaint is full." Wu used the poem "Light Snow" to say: "I was ill for three months, and several people got up." Liu Fu's poem "Drought" says: "It rains in March and sunny in autumn." The poem "Bitter Rain" explains: "Autumn rain continues in March, and I am sad about wild water." Yu Delin wrote in the poem "Thank relatives and friends in illness": "When you are ill in March, will Fei Ganning know?" All this "even March" means three months in a row. It is not far from the Song Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, and language habits have not changed much. In the case of insufficient corpus in Tang Dynasty, the reference value of corpus in Song Dynasty is prominent.
The Yellow River's textual research on Du Fu's poetic year may be near. But his statement that "March" is a specific month cannot be established. Mr. Pu Yin Long and Mr. Xiao Difei said that "Sanlian" is "two companies and three companies", which is even more bizarre. As long as we compare many documentary evidences cited by the author above, we can see the mistakes of Huang, Pu and Xiao at a glance.
It has been more than a year since the "An Shi Rebellion" occurred in November in the 14th year of Emperor Xuanzong Tianbao (755), and it has been more than a year since Su Zong came to Dezhong for two years (757). In June of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), Xuanzong rushed to Shu, and Anshi rebels occupied Chang 'an. In July, Su Zong set up Lingwu, and Yuan changed to De. When Du Fu heard the news, he settled his home in Zhangzhou and went to Lingwu alone to write a book for Su Zong. He was caught by the rebels and taken to Chang 'an. It has been more than half a year now. Therefore, we should not take the "March" in his poems too seriously. The understanding of "a few months" seems to be more flexible. Because this is a five-character poem, it is subject to meter, and the numbers before the word "moon" must be written in a flat voice. Moreover, out of the ten numbers from one to ten, only the word "three" is flat, so the poet can't have other choices.
Compile fifteen volumes of clumsy poems, and give the play nine yuan and twenty miles at the end of the title volume.
Bai Juyi
A long hate has amorous feelings, and ten Qin sounds are close to the right.
Every time it was stolen by Lao Yuan, Li Fujiao sang short songs.
There should be no distinction between rich and poor in the world, and the following articles are all famous.
Don't blame me for being rude, big mouth. I have written 15 new poems.
On "Endless Hatred with amorous feelings"
Mr. Wang's "Selected Works of Bai Juyi" notes: "There are many kinds of customs, and the feelings of the wind people (poets). Biography of Poetry: Wind Makers, Poems of Folk Songs ...' Know their political gains and losses by testing their beauty and E Lai' Bai thinks his poems have a charm. (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1979, p. 163)
Press: "amorous feelings" is a common word in ancient poetry. Although it has more than one meaning, it just doesn't mean "people's feelings" or "people's purpose". Examining the poems of Bai Juyi's contemporaries, Quan Deyu's poem "Feng He Ha Ga Rewards a Public Visit to the Seventeen Ends of Cui in Huainan" says: "The ceremony is long." Liu Yuxi's poem "Spring Book Send Dong Luobai's 22-year-old and 82-year-old bastard" says: "Fame and fortune are the same as spring dreams, and drunkenness is the enemy of teenagers." Yao He's poem "Send the secretary to visit Weizhou" says: "The spring of Jimen is not clear, and the water is warm and rewarding. Seeing the wild customs far away, looking for flowers and asking about wine sickness. " All these "amorous feelings", or "fragrant smell", "good times", or "drunk", "young", or "looking at the wild" and "looking for flowers and asking for willows" seem to be romantic or elegant. But in Bai Juyi's "Bai's Changqing Collection", the word "amorous feelings" is everywhere. In addition to this article, Volume 17, "Roses bloom in spring, and the first ripe wine is invited by Dr. Liu Shijiu to drink with Cui Twenty-four", says: "The bamboo leaves at the head of the urn are ripe in spring, and the roses at the bottom of the steps bloom in summer. Like a fire, shallow and deep red, and like a green stick on the table. Try to invite poems from each other. Those with amorous feelings can come. It is advisable to spend early tomorrow, and the heart will be drunk with the cup. " There is also a poem in "Traveling to the Lake Pavilion": "Xunyang has few customs and is not enough to recruit a lake pavilion. The water is empty and the cool wind is fine. Who will come in the middle of the night? " And the poem "On March 3rd, I was pregnant with Wei Zhi" said: "The good times are long and vain, and the amorous feelings of the rich years are exhausted. I suddenly remembered that, like school reading day, getting drunk every year is today. " The poem "On the Stone of Tixia" says: "The witch temple is as red as powder, and Zhaojun Village is full of Liu Cuiyumei. I really know that I am old and have less amorous feelings. See this dispute without poetry? " He also wrote the poem "Inviting guests to go boating on the Spring Lake": "Who is the most amorous feelings among the guests who want to send a wine companion to the Spring Festival? I opened two new bottles and taught a song "Nishang" first. Parallel to the chord of the pipe, the sleeves are green, indicating that the ship was ordered to light a red silk. Slowly bring it to the middle of the lake, like a diamond-shaped mirror. " The Twenty-two Rhymes of Hu Ling in Fenghe Bianzhou (Volume 24) says, "Love as a family, and everything is amorous. I still thought that the guest was not drunk and the night was tired. " The poem "Cage Crane" says: "Don't drink for ten days, and don't listen to songs for more than one month. Is it a little less amorous feelings? It's as much as dust. " The poem "Reward for Liu Zhou's Drama" says: "Qiantang landscape meets Suzhou and Taiwan, and the two places are ashamed. There's nothing to learn about politics. Style, old future. Two moths cried and thanked her, and five A?vagho?a went back with a smile. Unlike Liu Lang, who has no scenery and hates roof spring. " Volume 26 "Remembering Dreams" says: "Teeth and hair are all wasted, and carelessness is in harmony with illness. Do you love flowers? How about wine? Old people have less amorous feelings, but officials have more high customs. When can you hear the singing of bamboo branches under the red candle? " On February 27th, he wrote a poem "Fifty Rhymes of Going East", saying, "The inn is decorated with bluebirds, and the official groove is purple. The mirror lake period is far-reaching, and Yu points to find ghosts. Sweep the poem wall in advance and open the watchtower first. Drink and miss your loved ones, stay and remember. My ambition is to decline, and my style is there? " Volume 28, "Playing in the Seats to Offer Teenagers", says: "There is no wine in decline, and how much frost is added to the temples in autumn. Even if you have amorous feelings, you should be light, and don't exaggerate when you are old. I am addicted when I am happy, and I will sing loudly when I drink, so I am not so crazy. How can you enter the juvenile court without relying on the official? " Another volume of Sanyi's poem, "Jin public servants want to go to Dongluo and ask for books, stay in Longmen and think about the present, and offer long sentences", says: "Although it has been famous for a long time, it is not too late to visit Woyun Mountain. I heard that the style is strong, just like when I just broke Cai Zhou. " Volume 34, "Appreciating Dreams in May with Ten Rhymes and Long Zhai Yan", says: "After Zen, the mind is calm and the body is light. Not only forgot the taste of meat, but also planned to destroy customs. " Another volume of the poem "Dream has been fulfilled before enjoying" said: "In the past, Rao Chungui broke first, but now he is accompanied by Han Song. It is ok to live in poverty, although the customs have not been completely sold. " He also wrote the poem "A Letter to Ma Changshi in Guizhou" on March 37, saying: "It is expensive to read two letters at leisure. Who will have a drink with you? Unfortunately, customs and efforts have been thrown in the middle of Guizhou for five years. " The so-called "amorous feelings" mainly refer to drinking, enjoying flowers, traveling, listening to songs and dancing, and writing poems on the wall, still referring to romantic or elegant feelings. By analogy, then "a Song of Eternal Sorrow" has a unique style, and it should also be the poet's conceit that his famous Song of Eternal Sorrow is very romantic.
(Author: Nanjing Normal University College)