Ma Zhiyuan was born in 1250 and died in 132 1. He was a famous playwright in Yuan Dynasty. Most (now Beijing) people. Ma Zhiyuan's name is ominous. Evening number "Dongli".
There are sixteen kinds of Ma Zhiyuan's zaju, among which there are seven existing ones: Tears of Sima Qing in Jiangzhou, Lonely Goose in Autumn in the Han Palace, Three Drunken Yueyang Tower in Lv Dongbin, Thunder at Midnight, Ma Danyang Being a Wind Son Three Times, Opening an Altar to Teach Yellow, and Sleeping in Chen Tuan on the West Huashan Mountain. Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu works are also famous. A volume of Dongli Yuefu, revenue 104, 17 episodes. The content of his zaju is mainly deified Taoist priests, and all his plays involve stories of Quanzhen religion. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Jia said in his poem: "Fairy horses are among the flowers, and immortals are far away", and "the name is fragrant all over the pear garden".
Ma Zhiyuan, like other talented writers in the early Yuan Dynasty, devoted his artistic talent to the creation of zaju and became a famous figure in the "Liyuan". Ma Zhiyuan's early creative activities were in the period of Yuan Shizu. His masterpiece of this period is Autumn in the Han Palace. It is based on the story of Wang Zhaojun. In 33 BC, Zhao Jun, the palace maid of Emperor Han Yuan, left the fortress and merged with Xiongnu, and she had a son with Huhan Xieyu. After Huhanye's death, according to the custom of Xiongnu, Wang Zhaojun married Khan in the letter and gave birth to two more daughters. In Autumn of the Han Palace, Ma Zhiyuan highlighted the viewpoint that Zhao Jun's leaving the fortress was forced by Xiongnu armed forces, and wrote the relationship between Wang Zhaojun and Emperor Han Yuan as a love relationship. At the end of the story, he wrote that Wang Zhaojun committed suicide by throwing himself into the river before entering the territory of Xiongnu, thus showing his feelings and attachment to his motherland and homeland. In the play, the purpose of Wang Zhaojun's going out of the castle is described as the Han Dynasty. Wang Zhaojun's mouth shows her selfless quality of taking on a big responsibility, giving Wang Zhaojun a new image and praising the spirit of maintaining lofty integrity in ethnic conflicts.
The Blessing Monument is another important work of Ma Zhiyuan in his early creation. Through the unfortunate experience of the protagonist, the script attacked the ugly phenomenon of social reality at that time, that is, the ignorance of the virtuous and the inversion of right and wrong, which indirectly expressed the author's thoughts and feelings. In the script, he used the protagonist's mouth to satirize and curse the society at that time: "This wall blocked the road to virtue, and that wall blocked the official career. Nowadays, the smarter people are, the more they suffer from being smart. The more dementia you have, the more you enjoy it. The more confused, the more confused. "
Ma Zhiyuan also embodied this idea in some of his literary works. The divertimento "A Whistle Involving Melody" said: "I have been taking part in accidental amusement for half my life, and I almost missed the final plan. White hair advised Dongli that the West Village was best secluded. "
Ma Zhiyuan returned to Dadu around (1295- 1307) when he ascended the throne, and co-wrote "Dream of the pipe dream" with painter Hua and scarlet letter Li Er, which marked the beginning of his later creation. During this period, almost all the plays he wrote were stories about Quanzhen religion.
Most of Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu in this period directly revealed his attitude towards the right and wrong of history and real society. "For example, Sanqu Qiu Si said," When you were 100 years old, you dreamed of a butterfly, and it was a shame to look back. "I want to go to Hanque, Qin Gong. I made a grave with rotten grass, cattle, sheep and Noda, and I can't tell the dragon from the snake." Go to the lonely track and rabbit hole, what a hero! Although the legs are strong, but Ye Wei? Gold leaf? "On the surface, this Sanqu contains nihilistic thoughts. However, this just shows Ma Zhiyuan's indignation at historical injustice.
Ma Zhiyuan's works also reflect the depressed mood of literati in the slow period of feudal society. This idea is the same as the artistic conception of some works in Yuan Dynasty paintings. In the poem "Qiu Si", Ma Zhiyuan described the sadness of a passer-by, and the artistic conception was bleak and sad: "A withered old tree is a faint cry, and a small family is flowing. The ancient road is thin, the sun sets, and the heart is broken in the end of the world. "
Generally speaking, Ma Zhiyuan pays more attention to realistic criticism in his works. For example, in Autumn of the Han Palace, he rebuked the officials of the ruling clique for "ingratitude and biting thieves and beasts"; Huang criticized the sinister world trend at that time: "Today's people should be false but not true, so they should respect clothes and not people."
Ma Zhiyuan's thought was representative at that time and had a far-reaching influence on later generations. He is indignant, even depressed and desperate about the real society. However, his indignation echoed in his sad thoughts and had a bold momentum.
Ma Zhiyuan's artistic talent was highly praised by later generations. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Zhou Deqing honored Ma Zhiyuan as one of the four great artists, and Zhu Quan even listed Ma Zhiyuan as the first composer in Yuan Dynasty in Ming Dynasty. Generally speaking, Ma Zhiyuan is good at expressing his feelings in tragedy, feeling sad and angry, and his lyrics are vigorous and powerful. He is a zaju writer with unique artistic characteristics.