original text
Dongting Lake Message to Premier Zhang
Tang Meng Hao ran
Here, in the eighth month, the lake and the sky are the same air.
Steam 4 Yunmengze 5, Wave 6 Yueyang 7 City.
If you want to help others, you live in shame (1 1).
It's like I'm sitting here watching a fisherman throw (12), just like a fish (13).
To annotate ...
Prime Minister Zhang: Prime Minister Zhang Jiuling. The poet wrote this poem in the hope of being introduced by Zhang Jiuling. ② Lake level: The lake reaches the shore and is flush with the shore. 3 Han: contain, contain. Mixed: refers to the connection between water and sky, seamless. Virtual and too clear: both refer to heaven. 4 steaming: water vapor diffusion. ⑤ Yunmengze refers to Jianghan Plain and its surrounding areas. 6 shake: shake. ⑦ Yueyang: Yueyang City, Hunan Province today. On the east bank of Dongting Lake. ⑧ ⑧: Get through. Pet-name ruby No boat: Metaphorically, I want to be appointed but no one introduces me. Attending end residence: flat residence refers to leisure residence. (1 1) Shame: Shame: Feeling ashamed or ashamed. Sage: This refers to the wisdom and wisdom of kings. This sentence is ostensibly to praise the sage of the current monarch, but actually it wants to explain that although I am a hermit at present, this is not my wish. I am eager for official positions, but I can't find a way. (12) angler: Metaphorically, Zhang Jiuling was in power at that time. (13) massaya: Metaphorically eager for politics. "Huai Nanzi said Xun Lin": "Fishing near the river, don't go home and make a net." Here, I use its meaning to say that I want to be an official in politics, but I can't realize this wish. The implication is that I hope the other party will make every effort to introduce me and not live up to my wishes.
Modern translation
In August, the lake was full, almost flush with the four banks.
Boundless and unprovoked, like Wan Li sky.
The heat of steam enveloped this ancient osawa cloud dream.
Sparkling and magnificent, it shook the ancient city of Yueyang.
I want to cross the river, but I have no boat or sail to ride.
If you want to sit quietly and watch the tigers fight, I'm sorry this prosperous time is clear.
Had to sit down and watch the fishermen,
Empty has the passion to realize the ideal.
Appreciation 1
On the surface, this poem looks like a nearby lake scene, depicting the majestic and open atmosphere of Dongting Lake. In fact, it is a dry poem that looks at the lake with prosperity, revealing the poet's helplessness in asking celebrities to introduce him to the official position. This poem was written in the period of Zhang Jiuling (from the 22nd year of Kaiyuan to the 24th year of Kaiyuan). This theory was written during the period when the poet entered Jingzhou Prefecture and the Zhang Jiuling shogunate served as a short-term aide. In the Tang dynasty, scholars were selected by ci chapters, and dry poetry came into being. Anyone who writes dry poems bends down to beg for help, but first-rate, it will not show begging and flattery. This poem is magnificent because it has no trace of dryness and conveys feelings with poems and scenes, so it was handed down from generation to generation as Du Fu's "A Record of Climbing Yueyang Tower".
The first half of the poem is about scenery and the magnificent color of Dongting Lake. In the second half of the pen, he used the scenery to express his feelings, revealing the author's desire to be an official and eager to get the recommendation from the other side; The last two sentences are full of twists and turns. This poem begins with the spectacular sight of Dongting Lake. Dongting Lake is full of water, even on the shore. August is autumn, and autumn is crisp. At this time, the Dongting Lake is foggy, chaotic and indistinguishable, like sky, water, clouds and gas, and only the vast universe is displayed in front of us. Dongting Lake is so vast, the water in Dongting Lake is so vast, and it kisses the universe seamlessly. The size of the lake and the beauty of the water have their own power to change the world. Dongting Lake in the steam, like a goddess sleeping in a bedstead, makes people enjoy the hazy beauty in confusion and intoxication. This is a static description of the static beauty of Dongting Lake. Then I wrote that the rough waves can shake the dynamic beauty of Yueyang Tower, and the static and dynamic complement each other, vividly showing the grandeur and grandeur of Dongting Lake. It is no wonder that later generations regard this quatrain of "Clouds and Clouds rise with a mist, and Yueyang Tower" and Du Fu's famous sentence of "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the world drifting endlessly" as singing, so Fang replied that "later generations dare not answer irrelevant questions" (Ying Sui). It goes without saying that this first half is well written, but this is not the original intention of the poet to write poetry. In the second half, the poet intends to stand out in front of him. Extradition "no boat" is a pun. Does the poet really want to cross the lake? "I'm ashamed to be lazier than you politicians" tells the truth. It turns out that the poet who "wants to help" is not water, but an official career. What we really need is not a boat, but a recommendation from a friend. Poets born in the prosperous era of Kaiyuan are full of longing for the prospect of being an official. They have long had the ambition of "holding a whip to respect Confucius and Mencius and holding Mao Gong" (Book Huai Yi Jing Yi's Old Friend) and are eager to try. Unfortunately, after an unquestionable age, they can no longer do so. At this time, the poet hoped that Bole would be reincarnated and recognized him as a "swift horse"! This irrepressible mood can be clearly stated in the conclusion: "It's like I'm sitting here watching a fisherman throw, and I only feel like a squid." The poet skillfully used the ancient meaning of the sentence "Xianyu is by the river" in Huai Nan Zi's Xun Lin. The word "disciple" vividly depicts the grievances, bitterness and resentment in the poet's heart until he sighs helplessly. At this point, the original intention of the poet's poem can be glimpsed. This intention is so euphemistic and implicit in the poem that the emotional expression from water to fish and from fish to fish is wonderful, and the shabby begging is annihilated. Wen Yiduo said: "After all, it is inevitable that people will' fish', and it is really rare to' fish in the garden' forever without' retreating into the net'." (The Complete Works of Wen Yiduo, Volume III, page 34) Mr. Wen is talking about Meng Haoran. Meng has a feeling of being a "fish". Sometimes it can't be said that it is not very strong, but it is not a "retreat and netting", but it ends in cloth.
This poem has a "vigorous" style and masculine beauty, which is one of the aesthetic consciousness of the ancients. "Caging heaven and earth in shape defeats everything in pen" (Lu Ji's Wen Fu). As far as this article is concerned, I really don't know how many clouds and dreams have been swallowed up in my chest (Song Caixiu commented on Du Fu's poem Wu Chu). Magnificent scenery, gloomy feelings, troubles and helplessness of seeking an official are so harmoniously integrated in these short 40 words.
Appreciation 2
The Letter from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Zhang is a famous five-character poem, which was once praised as "the crown of the five laws in the Tang Dynasty" (Fang Hui quoted "anonymous" in the volume Sui). The title of the poem is the edge of Dongting Lake.
From the 16th to 17th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (728-729), Meng Haoran went west to Chang 'an and met Zhang Jiuling in Beijing. They were fascinated. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), Zhang Jiuling became the prime minister. This poem was given to him by Meng Haoran during Zhang Jiuling's tenure as prime minister, expressing the poet's feelings of self-injury, hoping to get Zhang Jiuling's recommendation to quote him as an official in politics.
In the first two sentences, Dongting Lake is vast. Dongting Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in China. It is about 200 miles long and 100 mile wide in today's Hunan Province. Mid-Autumn Festival and August, the lake swells, boundless, flush with the shore; Under the sunshine, the sky seems to be contained in the lake, and the vast lake seems to be integrated with the sky, which is extremely spectacular. The words "Ping", "Han" and "Hun" are used very well, vividly depicting the scene of Qiushui Lake. "Virtual" and "too clear" both refer to the sky.
Write two sentences about the water vapor and waves in Dongting Lake. The transpiration of water vapor on the lake, like a faint mist, hangs over the vast Yunmengze area; The waves set off by the lake are like drums, thunderous and surging, shaking the earth. Even Yueyang City, which stands by the lake, seems to be shaken by the waves. Yunmengze is an ancient giant river located in the north and south of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province. It turned out to be Erze. Jiangbei is called Cloud, and Jiangnan is called Dream. After that, most of it silted up and became land, so it was called Yunmengze. "Yunmengze" here refers to the vast low-lying areas in southeastern Hubei and northern Hunan. In the last sentence, the word "steaming" is used to describe the breadth of water and gas and the abundance of savings; In the next sentence, use the word "shake" to write the loudness and strength of waves. These two poems are magnificent and magnificent, and they are famous for praising Dongting Lake. As said in Xiqing Poetry: "Dongting is spectacular in the world, and poets and writers have many themes, but they are not so spectacular." Later, Du Fu also wrote "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth" ("Climbing Yueyang Tower"), which is comparable to Meng's poems and is also a swan song throughout the ages, causing Fang Hui to sigh that Dongting Lake and Yueyang Tower are spectacular, "Meng Du's two poems are exhausted" and "future generations dare not answer questions" ("Ying Kui Fa Jing" Volume I). Among Meng's two poems, the most striking one is Besieged City. Fan Zhiming, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Yueyang Terraces: "Meng Haoran's poem" The besieged Yueyang City "covers the northeast of the lake and the lake is hundreds of miles long. It is often northward, rising in summer and autumn, and the sound of the waves is like a drum, day and night. " This sentence in Dream Poetry is both exaggerated and realistic, vividly depicting the magnificent momentum of Dongting Lake.
The first four sentences not only describe the magnificent scene of Huting Lake, but also symbolize the peace and prosperity of Kaiyuan.
The two sentences of the Neck Couplet express the poet's feelings of being an official and unwilling to live in seclusion. The last sentence said that he wanted to cross the rough Dongting Lake, but he didn't have a boat or paddle. In fact, it implied that the poet wanted to be an official in politics, but unfortunately no one introduced him. Zhang Heng's "Should Be Idle" says: "Learn without using, and be skilled and worship; Therefore, Linchuan must help, but the boat does not exist. " This is a book "I want to cross the river, but I can't find a boat". The word "Ji" in the poem is a pun, meaning "saving water" and "saving the world". "Zhouzhou" refers to both the equipment passing through the water and the introducer. The next sentence says that although he lived in a prosperous time under a wise monarch, he lived in a leisurely place and did nothing. He is really ashamed that he has a negative "sage" world, thus expressing the poet's desire to be an official and make a difference. "Final residence" refers to living and working in peace and contentment, which here refers to seclusion.
At the end of the couplet, I asked Zhang Jiuling to recommend the quotation. The poet said that he sat by the lake watching the fisherman and could only envy the big fish that others caught for nothing. "Anglers" not only refer to anglers near Dongting Lake, but also refer to Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister in charge of state affairs. The implication of these two poems is that the poet admires and admires the Prime Minister Zhang for presiding over political affairs and is willing to follow the Prime Minister and do something for the court; However, I am still in opposition and have no official position. Although I have the desire to be an official in politics, I can't realize it, so I hope to get the recommendation of Prime Minister Zhang. "Huai Nan Zi said Xun Lin" said: "It is better to go home and weave a net than to fish near the river." Here, the poet skillfully borrowed this old saying, which not only fits the description of Dongting Lake, but also turns out the new idea of dry begging recommendation: "The poems of officials in the Tang Dynasty are mostly begging, but they are also collected, but their meanings are superb." (Gao Bu Ting Tang and Song Poetry Collection, Volume 4).
The conception of this poem is very ingenious and novel. Although the first four sentences describe the scenery, they are full of emotion. They skillfully praised the prosperity of Kaiyuan by describing the magnificent scenery of Dongting Lake. Although the last four sentences are lyrical, they are gentle and unobtrusive, and they are written in twists and turns. Although the poet wanted Zhang Jiuling to introduce him, he didn't lose his identity, and his words were decent and neither supercilious nor supercilious. Ji Yun commented on this poem: "This work of Xiangyang is for recommendation ... The first half is for Dongting Lake, and the second half is for Zhang Xianggong. I only hope Dongting Lake to show my gratitude, but I don't mean begging." (According to Fang Hui's book Ying Sui, a quotation is quoted) Ji's comments are taken out of context.
Although Meng Haoran's poems are generally known for their solitude and lightness, they also have "lightness and lightness" (Pu Yin is quoted in Volume 5 of Tang Yingui). This poem "Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang" is a masterpiece of vigorous style. Pan Deyu, a poet in A Qing, said that some of Meng Haoran's poems are "vigorous and powerful, overlooking everything and not being seen by others" (Yang Shi Hua). Although Zhuang Yi and Hun Jian are few in number, they do not represent the main style of Meng's poetry, but they are an important aspect of Meng's poetry after all.
Appreciation 3
Prime Ministers Zhang and Zhang Jiuling are also famous poets, officials and secretaries-general, and they are honest. Meng Haoran wants to go into politics and realize his ideal. I hope someone can introduce him. This is the meaning of writing this poem to Zhang Jiuling before he went to Beijing to take the exam.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the magnificent scene and momentum of Dongting Lake, and the last four sentences are used to express their political enthusiasm and hope.
The first two sentences explain the time and write the vast lake. The lake and sky are integrated, and the scene is vast. "Han" means tolerance. "Virtual" is high altitude. The sky is contained by water, which means the sky is reflected in the water. "Too clear" refers to the sky. "Mixing too clearly" means that the water meets the sky. These two sentences are about standing by the lake overlooking the lake. Three or four sentences continue to write about the vastness of the lake, but the eyes are from far to near. From the lake, I can see the scenery of the reflection in the lake: the water vapor hanging over the lake evaporates and engulfs the clouds and dreams. "Cloud and Dream" are the names of two ancient lakes. It is said that Yun Ze is in the north of the Yangtze River, while Mengze is in the south. Later, most of them silted up and became land.
"Shake", shake (verb, vivid). "Yueyang City" is located on the northeast bank of Dongting Lake, which is now Yueyang City, Hunan Province. When the southwest wind blows, the waves rush to the northeast shore, as if to shake Yueyang City. When you read this, you will naturally think of Wang Wei's poem "People's residence seems to be rippling in the distant sky". The whole city is floating on the water, the breeze is blowing waves, and the distant sky is shaking in the water. They really have the same effect.
Facing the vast Dongting Lake, I want to cross it, but there is no boat. Living in a wise era, we should contribute our strength, but no one recommended us, so we have to live at home. It is really shameful in such a good era. The implication is that I hope the other party will introduce me. "Economy" means crossing. "Ba", the paddle on the boat, also refers to the boat here. "end residence", living in leisure; "Ming Sheng", the era of Ming Sheng, here refers to peace and prosperity. In the last two sentences, I said that I sat by the lake and watched those people fishing with poles, but envy was in vain. There is an old saying: "Better retire and build a net than fish in the forest." The poet borrows this proverb to imply that he has a desire to come out and do something, but he is afraid that no one will introduce him, so here he says "only there". I hope that the mood of the other party's help will naturally show between the lines.
Three or four sentences about the lake. The sentence "steaming" is about the rich accumulation of lakes, as if the vast swamp area has been nourished by lakes, which makes it look so lush and lush. The word "wave shake" is placed on "Yueyang city", which sets off the turmoil of the surging lake and is also very imposing. In people's eyes, this lakeside city seems to crouch uneasily under its feet and become extremely small. These two sentences are called famous sentences describing Dongting Lake. But there are still differences between the two sentences: the first sentence uses a broad plane to set off the vastness of the lake, and the second sentence uses a narrow three-dimensional to reflect the momentum of the lake. Dongting Lake described by the poet is not only vast, but also full of vitality.
The following four sentences become lyrical. "I want to go there, but I can't find the boat" is triggered by the scenery in front of me. Facing the vast lake, the poet thought he was still in the wild, but no one took the lead in finding the way, just as he wanted to cross the lake without a boat. The other party was originally a prime minister, and the code name "Zhouzhou" was used appropriately. "I am more ashamed to be idle than you politicians" means that in this era of "enlightened" peace and prosperity, I am not willing to be idle and want to do something. These two sentences are a formal confession to Prime Minister Zhang, indicating that although he is a hermit at present, he is unwilling to do so. He still yearns for the official position, but he still can't find a way.
So let's go one step further and call on Prime Minister Zhang. "angler" refers to the person who was in power in the current dynasty, but it was actually designed for Prime Minister Zhang. These last two sentences mean: Mr. Zhang, who is in power, I admire you for coming out to preside over state affairs, but as an opposition person, I can't stay with you and work for you, so I can only admire you for nothing. In these words, the poet skillfully used the old saying that "it is better to retreat and build a net" ("Huai Nan Zi said Xun Lin"), which is another renovation; And "fishing" also happens to take care of the "lake", so there is no trace, but it is not difficult to understand his mood of asking for quotations.