Injured house
Bai Juyi
Whose family started in a place, next to Zhumen Avenue? There are rows of houses, and there are loops outside the high walls.
There are six or seven halls, building to building. A class costs millions, and there is smoke in the haze.
The bridal chamber is warm and bright, but it can't be dry in cold and summer. Gaotang is empty. You can see Nanshan when you sit down and lie down.
There are wisteria stands around the veranda, and red medicine columns are built. Climb branches to pick cherries and move flowers to pick peonies.
Master has been an official for ten years. There is rotten meat in the kitchen and rotten thread in the warehouse.
Who can speak my language and ask you between the flesh and blood: is it infinite? Can you stand hunger and cold?
How to serve the whole body and protect the Millennium? I can't see the horse's house, so I am Fengcheng Garden.
(Fate, delay, smoke, money, year and rhyme come first; Garden, stem, column, Dan, official, cold, environment, mountain, air and security. )
There are four tones in Chinese Pinyin, namely, Shang Sheng, Er Sheng, San Sheng and Si Sheng, among which Shang Sheng and Er Sheng are flat tones, and San Sheng and Si Sheng are flat tones. The rhyming disease in ancient poetry is not very particular about flat tones, but it is more particular about flat tones in couplets. You can look at this poem. They are all flat.
spring scenery
Du Fu
Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers still exist.
Trees and grass turn green again in spring.
Petals shed like tears,
Lonely birds sang their sorrows.
After three months of fighting,
Letters from home are priceless.
I stroke my white hair. It became too thin,
I can't hold the hairpin anymore.
The meaning of a word
In poetry and songs, the last word of some sentences uses words with the same or similar vowels to make the tone harmonious and beautiful. rhyme
The so-called rhyme is to put the words with the same rhyme in the designated position.
The so-called rhyme is to classify words with the same vowels into one category, which is called rhyme.
All the words in the homonym are homophones. Any poem requires rhyme, no matter ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign. The difference is that there are more or less restrictions on rhyme, and there are strict and wide restrictions. This is also the biggest difference between poetry and other literary genres. The common rhyme is 108.
Rhyme is an important means to enhance the musicality of poetry. Modern poetry pays great attention to rhyme in order to make the tone harmonious and easy to remember. The ancients usually used official books that specially instructed the use of rhyme, such as Tang Yun, Guang Yun, Libu Rhyme, Peiwenyun, Poetic Rhyme Integration and Poetic Rhyme Combination. Among them, Wang Wenyu's New Publication Rhyme in the Southern Song Dynasty is the most popular, namely 108 Pingshui Rhyme.
But we should understand that it is not worth destroying the essence of poetry in order to accommodate rhyme. Unless you take part in the imperial examination, even if a sentence or two rhymes occasionally, the ancients are allowed.
Regular folding
The rhyme of ancient poetry is loose, which can rhyme with the change of adjacent rhyme.
There are strict rules for the rhyme of modern poetry, which can be summarized as follows: the first sentence can be bet or not, and the next sentence must be rhymed. But there are exceptions, such as Jiang Xue of Liu Zongyuan.
Even sentences rhyme.
There are 2468 rhymes in metrical poems and 24 rhymes in quatrains. Whether it is a metrical poem or a quatrain, the first sentence may or may not rhyme. For example:
A Letter to Han Chuo (Du Mu), the Magistrate of Yangzhou
There is water in the green hills, and the vegetation in the south of the Yangtze River is withered in autumn.
Where does the Jade Man teach oral sex at Bridge 24 on a moonlit night?
The first 124 sentence rhymes. Another example is:
Leyou Tomb (Li Shangyin)
In the evening, I was unhappy and drove to Gu.
Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk.
The first sentence doesn't rhyme, but two or four sentences rhyme. Generally speaking, it is common that the first sentence of five-character poems does not rhyme, and it is also common that the first sentence of seven-character poems rhymes. For the rules of whether the first sentence rhymes or not, please refer to Table ④ of Pingping.
General flat rhyme
In order to maintain the harmony of phonology, modern poetry generally balances phonology, and most modern poems also meet this requirement. However, there are still some typical works about phonology, such as Liu Zongyuan's five-character quatrain "Jiang Xue", the full text is in tune (short sound): there are no birds in the mountains, and there are no footprints in the thousand paths; A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice. There is no doubt that this poem is read with the rhyme ending of the ancient entering tone or with the rhyme of ie and ue in Mandarin today.
Rhyme at the end
In principle, there should be no rhyme changes in modern poetry, especially in poetry examination, poetry to be written and poetry with limited rhyme in science examination room. However, because the rhyming system used in scientific research does not fully conform to the spoken phonology of the Tang Dynasty, some vowels have been merged or separated, and it is more likely that some poets can't change their local accent and write poems with it, so there are still works that have been replaced by neighboring rhymes in their poems, such as Du Fu's Five Cases:
I live in my old grandson's house, simple and ancient style. When ploughing and chiseling, clothes are the same as the world.
Get up early at home and worry about your country and people. I wish you a good year. When it comes to the relationship between monarch and minister, there are many books.
Note: In sentences 2, 4 and 8, "Feng", "Tong" and "Zhong" are flat tones and "Dong" rhymes; In the sixth sentence, "feng" rhymes with "winter"
Writing poems every day is different from taking exams, so don't criticize the author, especially those who write poems with ancient rhymes in the future.
The first rhyme borrows the neighboring rhyme.
The rhyme of classical poetry can be mixed with the rhyme of neighboring rhymes, such as Dong Yi and Er Dong, Si Zhi and Wu Wei, which are called tongyun. However, in the rhyme of modern poetry, in principle, only words with the same rhyme can be strictly used. Even if there are few words in this rhyme (called narrow rhyme), it can't be mixed with words in other rhymes, otherwise it is called rhyme. But if the first sentence rhymes, you can borrow adjacent rhymes. Because the first sentence can be put or not, you can bend the rules. For example, "Drunk to Send Ba Shen Liu Sou to the Army":
Wine is thirsty for Qingjiang River, and I prefer to wash my stomach.
Soft sand leans on the seat, and Leng Shi wakes up drunk.
Picnics are accompanied by accounts, and Huayin is happy.
Several cups are missing. They have all been sent to Shen Ming.
This song "Ting Xing Ling Ming" consists of nine tones, but the first sentence borrows the word "Qing" from Ba Geng.
This is called borrowing neighboring rhymes, which was popular in the late Tang Dynasty and even formed an atmosphere in the Song Dynasty.
Please refer to Tongzhuan Guyun and 108 Pingshui Yun.
avoid
1, avoid rhyme
That is, the same rhyme word appears repeatedly in the rhyme of a poem, which is a big taboo.
2. Avoid synonyms.
For example, a poem uses "flower", "flower", "fragrance" and "fragrance" at the same time.
Step 3 avoid rhyming
Most ancient poems were written according to the official rhyme, and many words that we thought were homophones were included in different rhymes in the official rhyme, such as "winter" and "east". If you are juxtaposed in the same poem, it is rhyming. This is mainly due to the change of ancient and modern pronunciation, so it is unnecessary to emphasize this point today.
Sing a song with others.
Chorus is to rhyme according to the rhyme used in other people's poems, which is called "harmony rhyme" or "step rhyme" There are three main ways:
Follow a given or another poet's rhythmic sequence.
Also known as rhyme, that is, using the same rhyme words in the original poem, and the order must be the same, which is the most common way.
rhyme
That is, the rhyme in the original poem is used, but not necessarily in its order.
Yi Yun
That is, use words that rhyme with the original poem, but don't necessarily use their original words.
comparison table
Eighteen rhymes:
First, the vowels A, ua and ia in Xinhua Dictionary belong to the same rhyme.
The second wave, vowels o and uo.
Three songs, vowel e.
Four are vowels ie, ue.
Five vowels, I (belonging to the initials zh, ch, sh, Z, C, S, different from Qi Qi).
Six, vowel er.
Qiqi, vowel I (belonging to initials B, P, M, F, D, T, N, L, J, Q, X, Y, different from five).
Bawei, vowel ei, ui.
Jiukai, vowel ai, uai.
Aunt Shi, vowel u.
Eleven fish, vowel v.
Twelve Hou, vowel ou, iu.
Room thirteen, vowel ao.
Fourteen cold vowels an, ian and uan.
Fifteen marks, vowels en, in, un, vn.
Sixteen Tang, vowel ang, uang, ang.
Seventeen Geng, vowel eng, ing.
Eighteen holes, vowel ang, ong.
Thirteen tracks are thirteen rhyming parts, namely:
One flower, one hemp and eighteen rhymes.
Two shuttle waves, two waves, three songs and eighteen rhymes.
Triclinic, the fourth of eighteen rhymes.
Four uniforms, eighteen rhymes, five, six, seven.
Five ash piles, eight micro rhymes.
Six Huailai, eighteen rhymes and nine.
Seven gusu, eighteen rhymes and ten gusu.
Eight clothes tyrants, eighteen rhymes and eleven fish.
Nine from seeking, eighteen rhymes and twelve Hou.
Ten remote bars and thirteen houses with eighteen rhymes.
Before eleven characters, fourteen cold and eighteen rhymes.
Twelve ministers, eighteen rhymes and fifteen points.
Thirteen Wang Yang, eighteen rhymes and sixteen Tang Dynasties.
Fourteen Middle East, seventeen Geng and eighteen East Rhymes.
Because the 13-track Qigusu and Bayiba correspond to the rhyme of ten cares and eleven fish, the merger is 13 tracks.
Thirteen rhymes (used in traditional operas)
Also known as "Thirteenth Avenue", it refers to the classification of vowels according to the basic principle of the same or similar rhyme belly (if there is a rhyme ending, the rhyme ending must be the same) in the northern rap art, so as to make the recitation and singing smooth, easy to remember and full of musical beauty. The names of the thirteen roads are: Fahua, Sobo, Mixie, Yiqi, Gusu, Huailai, Huidui, Yaotiao, Yuan Qiu, Yan Qian, Renchen, Jiangyang and Middle East. In particular, it is pointed out that the names of each of the thirteen kinds of statements are only two representative words that conform to this statement, and there is no other meaning, so other words of this statement can also be used to represent this statement, such as "Sobo Theory", which can also be called "Wandering Theory" or "Immortal Theory".
1, fahuazhe: vowels include a, ua, ia.
For example, a (pull) (well) comes from the south with five Jin (Kun) (mesh) in his hand. A (dumb) (ba) came from the north with a (la) (ba) tied to his waist. [Note: the words in brackets are the corresponding words] [Note: tongue twisters]
2. Sobozhe: Vowels include: e, o, uo.
For example, the surname of Dongyang County in Xiangyang Prefecture is Luo (De), and Benben's ex-husband is Jiang (Ge). [Note: It is from "Pearl Shirt in Pingju", which is Mr. Ma's school song in Shengshi.
3. Oblique vowels: vowels include Mi, ie and ü e. ..
For example: angry, leaning against the fence, raining (resting). Raise your head and scream at the sky, strong and excited. Thirty fame, dust, eight thousand miles of clouds (month). Don't be idle, it's sad for nothing (cut). Jingkang shame, still not (snow); Great hate, when (out)! Driving a long car, stepping on Helan Mountain (tired), hungry for pork, laughing and thirsty for Xiongnu (blood). Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky (que). [Note: Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong"]
4, 17: I, u, er.
For example, the dragon swims in shallow water and is played by shrimp, while the tiger falls in Pingyang and is bullied by dogs. [Note: Proverbs]
5. ancient: the vowel is u.
Ex.: Go out of the south gate, take seven steps and pick up a piece of suede (mending) leather (trousers). It's suede, (patched) leather (pants), (no) it's suede, (no) it's necessary (patched) leather (pants). [Note: Tongue twister]
6. Huailai Town: The vowels are ai and uai.
For example, I finally learned how to (love), but it's a pity that you have already disappeared into people (the sea) and finally realized it in tears. Some people will not (again) once they miss it. [Note: Rene Liu's later]
7. Ash pile: vowels are ei and uei(ui).
For example, your mood is always flying, you have to go (catch up) with everything, and you want to catch a little peace (ease). You always like wandering in the crowd [note: in pop songs, "wandering {Huai (er)}" is sometimes sung as "Hui (er)"], and you are most afraid of loneliness. [Note: "Who will you think of when you are lonely"]
8. Far vowels: The vowels are ao and iao.
For example: (1) There is a bridge on the Huangpu River, and the river bridge has decayed (shaken). Jiangqiao is on the verge of collapse (falling). Please indicate whether it was torn down or burned. (2) If I want to hear ghosts (scream), I will cry (laugh). Sprinkle wine for heroes, raise eyebrows and draw swords (scabbard) [note: two poems of Tiananmen Square are copied]
9. By seeking truth: vowels are ou and iou(iu).
For example, 66-year-old Liu Lao (VI) built 66 tall buildings, bought 66 baskets of osmanthus (oil), raised 66 rhubarb (cattle) and planted 66 weeping willows. [Note: Tongue twister]
10, as before: the vowels are an, ian, uan, üan.
For example, my son went to Fenhe Bay to play (goose), but he didn't come back that day. Sit outside the kiln door and wait for my son to have a meal. [Note: Fenhe Bay, a traditional cross talk]
1 1, rhyme: en, in, uen(un), ü n.
For example: sing a folk song to the party, and I compare the party to my mother (pro); My mother only gave birth to my body, and the glory of the party shines on me. [Note: "Sing a folk song for the party"]
12, Zhejiang, Jiang Yang: The vowels are ang, ang and uang.
For example: under the dream, the garden vegetation grows and the balcony reflects into the pool (pond). Daiyu returned to Xiaoxiang Pavilion, dying (in bed). [Note: Jing Yun Drum "Dai Yu Burning Draft"]
13, Middle East: vowels are eng, ing, ueng (Weng), ong, ong.