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Kong Xuan Temple, also known as Kong Xuan Temple, is the only unique temple in China that integrates Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. Built between cliffs, it was built in the late Northern Wei Dynasty with a history of 1400 years. Hanging Temple faces Hengshan Mountain, backed by Cuiping, climbing dangerous rocks, facing deep valleys, with pavilions suspended and ingenious structure. Hanging Temple has forty halls and pavilions. Based on the principle of mechanics, beams and columns are supported by rocks, and corridors are connected from left to right. The twists and turns are surprising, and the virtual and the real are born together. There are more than 80 statues of copper, iron, stone and mud in the temple, and the word "spectacular" is on the rock under the temple, which is the Mo Bao of Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai.
Hanging temple landscape
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Hanging on the half cliff of Cuiping Peak on the west side of Jinlong Gorge in Hengshan Mountain, Beiyue, the Hanging Temple was built in Taihe 15 of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 49 1 year). At the initial stage of construction, the Dingsanjiao Hall was 90 meters away from the ground, and only 58 meters remained due to years of siltation in the riverbed. 1957 is listed as the key cultural relics protection unit in Shanxi province, and 1982 is listed as the national key cultural relics protection unit. The whole temple, climbing the dangerous cliff, faces the deep valley, leans on the niche with the back rock, and the temple gate faces south and the west is right. The whole temple is made of wood. According to the principle of mechanics, the beam is semi-inserted as the foundation, and the hidden support of rock is used to make the beam and column integrated up and down, and the veranda is closely connected left and right. Only 152.5 square meters has 40 houses of different sizes. The overall layout of Hangkong Temple is composed of temples, meditation rooms, Buddhist temples, Three Buddha halls, Taiyi Hall, Guandi Temple, Drum Tower, Bell Tower, THE TEMPLE OF JIALAN Hall, Songzi Guanyin Hall, Earth Treasure Bodhisattva Hall, Thousand Hands Sword Hall, Sakyamuni Hall, Lei Yin Hall, Sanguan Hall, Chunyang Palace, Plank Road, Three Religions Hall and Five Buddha Hall.
The distribution of temples and buildings changes symmetrically, with scattered connections, twists and turns, virtual and real, small and exquisite, rich in space, changeable in levels, small and medium-sized, compact in layout, scattered and dependent. Its layout is different from the central axis of Pingchuan Temple, symmetrical from left to right, and also different from the pattern that the scenery of the underground palace rises gradually according to the mountain. It depends on the rugged cliffs, sizes up the situation and lets nature take its course.
Seen from a distance, this hanging temple looks like a pair of exquisite reliefs embedded in the cliffs of Wan Ren. Looking at the hanging temple from a distance, it is likely to fly in the air. Climb the Hanging Temple, the ladder, the flying stack, the grottoes, the skylight, the roof and the winding corridor. After several twists and turns, it went up and down, left and right, looking up at the blue sky, bowing down, and the gorge was full of water, jingling as a song. If you are in Jiutian Palace, it is like a dream.
Hanging Temple is not only breathtaking, peculiar and spectacular in appearance, but also has a distinctive architectural structure and various forms. The eaves have single eaves, double eaves and three eaves, the mast structure has beam lifting structure, flat roof structure and bucket arch structure, and the roof has positive ridge, vertical ridge, positive ridge and poor ridge. The overall appearance and ingenious macro-system overlap with each other, forming a unique style of caves with buildings, caves with buildings, half halls, caves with halls and halls with buildings, which not only integrates the art of China garden architecture, but also does not lose the pattern of traditional buildings in China.
Among all kinds of existing copper, iron, clay and stone carvings in Hangkong Temple, many styles and styles have early characteristics and are treasures with high artistic value.
"Hanging" is another feature of the Hanging Temple. There are 40 halls and pavilions in the whole temple. On the surface, they seem to be supported by more than a dozen wooden pillars with thick bowls. In fact, some wooden columns are not stressed at all. It is said that when the Hanging Temple was built, there were actually no wooden stakes. It's just that people see that the Hanging Temple seems to have no support, and they are afraid that it will fall when they go up. In order to make people feel at ease, some wooden pillars were placed in your highness, so some people used "Hanging Temple, half a day high, with three ponytails hanging in the air" to describe it. The real center of gravity is supported in hard rock, and the rock is chiseled into a shape similar to a right-angled trapezoid, and then inserted into the flying beam to make it completely close to the acute angle of the right-angled trapezoid. The flying beam is semi-inserted based on the mechanical principle. In addition, the wood used in the flying beam of the Hanging Temple is processed from the local specialty iron fir. It is said that it is soaked in tung oil, which is not afraid of termite bites and has the function of anticorrosion. Therefore, it is not a miracle to hang the temple for a thousand years, but the crystallization of people's wisdom.
The "ingenuity" of the Hanging Temple is reflected in the construction of the temple according to local conditions, making full use of the natural state of cliffs, arranging and building all parts of the temple, and building the layout and modeling of general temple plane buildings in three-dimensional space, including the mountain gate, bell and drum tower, main hall and attached hall. The design is very exquisite. There are more than 80 Buddha statues in the temple.
In the 23rd year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (735), after visiting the Hanging Temple, Li Bai inscribed the word "spectacular" on the cliff, and Xu Xiake, a great traveler in Ming Dynasty, called the Hanging Temple "a grand view of the world".