One is to satirize the heavy taxes and cruel exploitation of the ruling class. For example, Shen Li, the former prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in Two Poems for Farmers: "When a millet is planted in spring, 10,000 seeds will be harvested in autumn. There are no idle fields in the four seas, and farmers still starve to death. "
The second is to satirize the overjoyed rulers and waste money. For example, a folk song circulating in the Qin Dynasty wrote, "Be careful not to raise men, but feed women with their breasts." The Great Wall is out of sight, and the bones lean against each other. "
The third is to satirize the rich and powerful people for debauchery and alcoholism. For example, Du Mu, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the poem Bo Qinhuai: "The smoke cage is cold and the moon cage is near Qinhuai restaurant at night." The merchant girl doesn't know the national subjugation and hate, but she sings "backyard flowers" across the river.
The fourth is to satirize those in power for selling officials and titles, and neglecting employing people. For example, a Yuefu folk song in the late Han Dynasty wrote: "A scholar doesn't know books. Cha Xiaolian, father separated. " Cold elements are as pure as mud, and the best generals are as timid as mice. "
The fifth is to satirize the flattery in officialdom. For example, Dong Yingju, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in his poem Miscellaneous Works: "A small official is a big official, and Qu Yi is happy." If you can do this, you are a dutiful son. "
The sixth is to satirize intrigue and hurt dissidents within the ruling group. For example, Tang Geng, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Egret": "When talking about the egret in front of the door, we must also know it from this." The warlord intends to get rid of the clique, and A and B plead for fear of the monarch. "
Seventh, satirize the ruler's brothers for power and profit, and the brothers eat each other. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Zhi wrote in "Seven Steps Poetry": "Boil beans and burn beans, and ferment beans into juice. Honey is burned in the kettle, and beans are crying in the kettle. " We are all born from the same root, so why fry each other? "