Content of the ancient poem Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou
Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty
The city gate (què) assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look forward to the Wujin.
I mean to say goodbye to you, both are eunuchs (huàn) travelers.
There are close friends in the sea, and they are like neighbors in the world.
Inaction is on the wrong road, and the children are stained with towels. Introduction to editing this paragraphA friend is going to Sichuan to be an official, and the poet wrote this poem as a gift. The whole poem is first closed and then released. First, it is said that we are both in officialdom and have the same intention of saying goodbye. Then suddenly, we say that there are no friends. Why should men cry and be like girls when they are separated? With its majestic momentum and broad artistic conception, the famous saying "A bosom friend in the sea is like a neighbor to the end of the world" has become famous throughout the ages. This poem should be said to be a masterpiece of farewell poems. Word explanation edit this paragraph Shaofu: official name.
To: arrive, go.
Shuzhou: now Chongzhou, Sichuan.
Chengque: Chang'an.
Auxiliary: Guard.
Sanqin: generally refers to the vast area north of Qinling Mountains and west of Hangu Pass. After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin, he divided Guanzhong into three kingdoms: Yong, Sai, and Zhai, which were known as the Three Qins in history.
Five Jin: In ancient times, there were five famous ferries on the Minjiang River in Sichuan: Baihuajin, Wanlijin, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin and Jiangnanjin, collectively called Wujin. This generally refers to Sichuan.
Huanyou: going out to serve as an official.
Domestic: all over the country. The ancients believed that the land was surrounded by the sea, so they called the world within the four seas.
Nearby: Nearby.
Wuwei: no need, no need.
The crossroads: the place of farewell.
Deep towel: bid farewell with tears.
Famous sayings throughout the ages
There are close friends in the sea, and they are like neighbors in the world.
Inaction is on the wrong track, and the children will be stained by the towel!
Reading Rhythm
"Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty
Chengque/Fu/Sanqin, Fengyan/Wang/Wujin .
Parting with you, we are both officials.
We have close friends at home, but we are neighbors at the end of the world.
Inaction/on/the wrong road, children/***/are stained with towels! Translate and edit this paragraph Translation 1:
In the land of the Three Qin Dynasties in ancient times, the city walls and palaces of Chang'an were protected.
The wind and smoke are billowing, and Wujin of Minjiang River in Shuzhou can be seen.
When we shake hands with you and say goodbye, we feel close to each other;
You and I are both people who are far away from home and working as officials abroad.
As long as we have close friends within the four seas, we feel like we are together no matter how far apart we are.
Please don’t cry sadly on the road to separation;
Like passionate young men and women, weeping and wet each other’s clothes.
Translation 2:
The Three Qins are guarding the majestic Chang'an, but the Shu land you are going to is in a state of chaos and confusion.
When I said goodbye, I couldn't help but feel infinite emotion. You and I are both wanderers far away from our homeland and running on official careers.
As long as we have like-minded friends in this world, they seem to be by our side even if they are far away.
Don’t linger in sadness when you break up. Like passionate children, let your clothes be wet with tears.
Translation 3:
The majestic Chang'an City is assisted by San Qin,
Looking at Wujin through the wind, clouds and smoke.
The reason why I feel reluctant to say goodbye is because they are all working as officials away from home.
As long as there is a close friend within the four seas,
Even if you are far away, you are still a close neighbor.
Don’t let your clothes get wet with tears just because we have to part ways.
Just like ordinary children.
Translation 4:
(About to bid farewell) The capital Chang'an is surrounded and protected by the Three Qin Dynasties. (Through the misty) wind and smoke (it seems that one can see) the five major cities (of Bashu) ferry. (I) and you both feel sorry for each other (at this time), (because we) are both officials away from home. (As long as) there are close friends within the four seas, (even if) they are thousands of miles apart (they are) as close as a stone's throw [zhí] away.
Translation 5:
Sanqin was guarding Chang'an, looking at Shuzhou in the distance, and saw only the wind and smoke, which was confusing.
You and I felt sorry for each other when we parted, because we are both officials abroad.
As long as we have close friends all over the country, we are like close neighbors even if we are far away.
There is no need to say goodbye with tears like ordinary children at the place of farewell. Author introduction Edit this paragraph Wang Bo (649-676), courtesy name Zian, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (today's Hejin County, Shanxi Province) and was one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty. He was the grandson of the famous scholar Wang Tong. He was good at writing at a very young age and was known as a "child prodigy". Unfortunately, he fell into the water and died while crossing the sea before he was thirty. He served as a minor official for several terms, but was expelled and expelled twice. His short life was spent in ups and downs. In the "Collection of Princes" that has been handed down, there are many articles and less than a hundred poems. "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuzhou" can be regarded as his masterpiece. This poem points out that the place of farewell is Chang'an. He has been to Chang'an several times.
This poem has the enterprising spirit of a young man without any negative and decadent emotions. It was probably written by the poet before he was 20 years old when he was working as Chao San Lang and Prince Ren Pei in Chang'an. Shaofu was the general name for county captains at that time. One is "Shuzhou", which is located in Chongqing County, Sichuan Province today. "The title of this article should be "Sending Du Shaofu to Shuchuan". It was changed to "Shuzhou" in 686, when Wang Bo died 10 years ago. "Sichuan" refers to the Minjiang River Basin in western Sichuan.
Wang Bo's talent showed up early. At the age of 14, he passed the examination and passed the examination. Later, his talent became even more obvious. At that time, he was called the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty together with Yang, Lu and Luo. At the beginning of Qianfeng's reign (666), Li Xianzheng, the king of Pei, served as an attendant in the palace. Two years later, he was expelled from the palace by Emperor Gaozong because he wrote a play called "Chicken of the King of England". Then he traveled to Bashu. In the third year of Xianheng (672), he joined the army in Guozhou. He was punished for killing official slaves and was pardoned and expelled. His father was also affected and demoted to Jiaozhiling. In the second year (675) or the third year (676) of the Shangyuan Dynasty, Wang Bo went south to visit relatives, crossed the sea and drowned, and died of panic. His poems strive to get rid of the elegant poetry style of Qi and Liang Dynasties, and his writing is also famous. The famous "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" was written by him. Poetry analysis and editing of this paragraph At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu once divided this area into the Three Kingdoms, so later generations called it the Three Qin Dynasty. This can be understood as guarding. "The vast wilderness in the Guanzhong area protects the city of Chang'an. This sentence refers to the farewell place.
Looking from a distance, you can see the endless wind, dust, smoke and mist in Sichuan. This sentence refers to Du Shaofu's fortress Because the friend is going to Sichuan from Chang'an, the two places are naturally connected emotionally. The beginning of the poem does not say goodbye, but only describes the situation and scenery of the two places. Yiyi, the feeling of farewell is at ease. Even the land of Sanqin is difficult to see at a glance, and Wujin, which is thousands of miles away, is completely invisible.
What does it mean to say goodbye to each other? We are all wandering in search of officialdom! There is really infinite sadness in it. The first two sentences are in a high tone and are precise and precise.
The realm changes from small to grand, and the mood changes from sad to heroic. “There are close friends in the sea, and there are neighbors in the world. "A true bosom friend cannot be separated from us when we are far away. As long as we are within the four seas, even the ends of the world are as close as neighbors. What does it mean that we are one Qin and one Shu!
In this fork in the road that is about to break up. Mouth, don’t shed tears like those little children! It’s a warning to friends.
Those who are familiar with Han and Wei poems will find that this poem is the same as that in Cao Zijian’s "Seven Poems for the White Horse King Biao" There is a certain connection. Cao's poem goes like this: "My heart is moved by my sorrow. I will abandon it and never forget it! My husband's ambition is all over the world, and he is still close to his neighbors thousands of miles away." If love is not lost, why should we live in the same quilt when we are close to each other even though we are far apart? Then show your attentiveness. Worrying causes illness, isn't it the kindness of children? How can we care about the flesh and blood without caring about hardships!" Wang Bo's poems are obviously influenced by Cao's poems and are derived from Cao's poems, but they have great differences between the two. The difference is that Cao Zijian was full of anger, ⑤ his above words were extremely boring and forced to make excuses, so they were full of emotions and his tone was gloomy. Although Wang Bo had experienced setbacks, he was young after all. It comes from the heart, so the sentiments are vigorous and the tone is bright. Some people say that Wang's poems are better than Cao's poems, but I don't think so. But Wang's poems are not simply copied, but have their own uniqueness, so they should be praised as well.
Appreciating this poem from the perspective of literary history, it is not difficult to feel that it has a fresh breath. The early Tang Dynasty was the beginning of a powerful dynasty in ancient my country. The poetry of the Tang Dynasty reached its peak in the history of Chinese literature. The great innovation and development of left and right poetry began in the early Tang Dynasty. Wang, Yang, Lu, Luo and other great poets at that time were the early pioneers. First of all, they opposed the buoyant style inherited from the Six Dynasties in the early Tang Dynasty. Yang Jiong said that Wang Bo "taste the early years of Longshuo", and the literary field is transformed: the structure is delicate and the competition is sculpture; the gold, jade, dragon and phoenix are mixed, the vermillion and green are chaotic; the shadow is used to show its merit, fake Call it beautiful. The backbone is exhausted, the strength is not heard, the shortcomings are eliminated, and the ambition is used up. "⑦ It can be seen that he consciously reformed the shortcomings of the poetry world and advocated a vigorous poetic style. Take this poem by Wang Bo as an example. It has indeed washed away the habit of beauty, is simple, vigorous, and unrestrained. It must have refreshed the readers at that time. This This style of poetry developed greatly and became a dominant style in the poetry world of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Secondly, they made their own contribution to the formation of the new poetry style. Take the five-character verse poetry, which gradually matured and matured in the Tang Dynasty. The new poetry style that became popular has begun to be tried and formed in the writings of Wang Bo and others. Wang Bo's poems are two very mature five-character rhyme poems. Let's read Wang and Meng's five rhyme poems again, and then read Li's poems. , Du's Five Rhythms, you will find that the development of this new poetry style in the Tang Dynasty is like a river flowing in the same vein, and the waves become more and more magnificent as you go forward.
The famous literary historian Zheng Zhenduo talked about Wang Bo's poems. In his contribution to later poetry, he said passionately: "Just as the sun god's thousands of rays of light have not yet walked in the east, the east is already filled with the rose-colored dawn of the goddess of dawn." "We might as well regard Wang Bo's poem as a pearl on the necklace of the goddess of dawn. If we look at it this way, we will be able to appreciate its charming charm.
"Those who are in ecstasy can only say goodbye. "① The ancients were very emotional about farewell, and farewell was a solemn matter. At that time, the roads were rugged and difficult, and the means of transportation were backward. It was difficult to say whether we would see each other again after separation for many years. It is understandable that they attach such importance to farewell. .
The scholar-bureaucrats not only prepare wine for farewell and break willows as gifts, but also often write poems and essays to send to travelers (farewell) or leave them to residents (leave farewell), so as to express farewell feelings or encourage and comfort each other. Therefore, there are a considerable number of farewell works in the ancient poetic heritage.
Appreciation Generally speaking, when people say goodbye to their relatives and friends, they always feel sad and reluctant to leave. They inevitably say things like wishing a safe journey, taking care of themselves, or seeing you in the future. Some even have to act like children and shed tears. This is of course human nature and no wonder. However, poetry as an art, if all these are included, it will appear cliché, mediocre, and tasteless. Wang Bo is indeed a businessman, he doesn’t write these things! His farewell poem is unique and uses natural and simple language to describe the sincere feelings between friends. It greatly improves people's ideological realm and makes people deeply moved after reading it.
In this poem, the first two sentences describe the scene of farewell. At that time, the poet was working in Chang'an, and he wanted to send his good friend Du Shaofu (official name) to Shuzhou to take up his post. Shuzhou is in present-day Sichuan Province, and its state capital is Chongqing County. The two walked out of Chang'an City together and came to the place where they broke up. They had something to say in their hearts, but they were relatively speechless. They could only watch the scenery around them to restrain their emotions of separation. "The city palace assists the Three Qin Dynasties", but the majestic and magnificent Chang'an Palace City is surrounded by the "Three Qin Dynasties" with dangerous terrain, and the atmosphere is magnificent. "Look at Wujin in the wind and smoke." If you look at the place where your friend is going, it is thousands of miles away and vast, and you can't see anything clearly. This scene of nearness and distance, lightness and darkness, has strong contrast, forming a very real and vivid farewell picture, full of the poet's nostalgia for his friend's long journey.
The third and fourth sentences of the poem are about the topic. The meaning of separation between friends is explained below. In social life, banquets always have to be broken up, and friends with very deep feelings inevitably have to part ways, and they cannot always get together. The reason is that "we are all officials," and everyone has their own responsibilities and must go to their own posts. Therefore, this kind of separation is completely understandable, but it will never alienate the sincere feelings between friends. This is the meaning of the difference between the poet and Du Shaofu.
The two lines of the poem, "There are close friends in the sea, and we are neighbors as far apart as the world." are far-reaching and are the most important part of the whole poem. It shows the poet's broad mind and lofty ambitions, and sublimates true friendship. Everyone has like-minded friends, called "bosom friends". Sometimes they are close by, and sometimes they are far away. But no matter how the space changes or how time passes, friendship should be unbreakable. Moreover, we must not narrowly believe that there is only one "confidant"; there are like-minded people everywhere in the world, and deep friendships can also be established. With this kind of understanding and mood, you will not feel lonely when you say goodbye to your friends. On the contrary, you will feel optimistic and enterprising. No matter where you go, you will feel as if you are still with your old friends, chatting with each other. Joy, happiness.
At this point, the poet still felt that he had not finished his meaning, so he added two more sentences: "Inaction is on the wrong road, and children will be stained by towels." He spoke with sincerity and heart, and encouraged friends to be the best when they break up. Don't take out your handkerchief to wipe your tears and feel sad like a child, but move forward bravely to welcome a new life. Such poems are heart-stirring and have been recited by people for thousands of years.
The poems of the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" broke the shackles of "palace poetry" since the Six Dynasties in terms of ideological content and artistic form. They were brave in innovation, but they were not perfect yet. For example, in Wang Bo's poem, the third and fourth lines, "I mean to say goodbye to you, we are both eunuchs and travellers." According to the requirements of rhythmic poetry, they should be antithetical, but they use San Diao, which is not consistent with the rhythm. Later, some frivolous scholars laughed at them. However, this cannot conceal their achievements. Du Fu said it well: "Your body and name will be destroyed, but the river will flow forever." ("The Six Quatrains of Play") The people who ridiculed them perished, but the poems of the hospitalized patients will be passed down through the ages.
Commentary Analysis This poem is a masterpiece of farewell. The poetic comfort is not to be sad when parting. The first sentence is a strict antithesis, and the third and fourth sentences are continued with loose tone. The truth turns to emptiness, and the literary mood is ups and downs. The third couplet "There are close friends in the sea, and there are neighbors in the world", with strange peaks rising up, which highly summarizes the scene of "deep friendship, strong mountains and rivers are difficult to stop". The great words are self-made, passed down through the ages, and are well-known. The last couplet points out the theme of "sending". The whole poem opens and closes with pauses and fluctuations, the energy flows smoothly, and the artistic conception is broad-minded. It washes away the sadness and melancholy in ancient farewell poems. The tone is hearty, fresh and far-reaching, and there is a single tree monument.
Authoritative Analysis
Comprehensive Dictionary of Tang Poetry Appreciation:
The "Place Name Pair" in the first associated "Gong Pair" is extremely magnificent and extremely neat. The first sentence writes that the city walls and palaces of Chang'an are "supported" (protected and guarded) by the vast land of the Three Qin Dynasties. They are majestic and a place of farewell. The "Five Jin" in the second sentence refers to the five major ferry crossings of the Minjiang River: Baihuajin, Wanlijin, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin, and Jiangnanjin. It generally refers to "Sichuan" and refers to the place where Du Shaofu is about to travel; and "Fengyan" ", "Wang", and connect Qin and Shu together, which are thousands of miles apart. Looking at the Sichuan River from Chang'an, the sight is obscured by the misty wind and smoke, slightly revealing the meaning of farewell, and the soul of "parting" and "end of the world" has been captured below.
Since the first couplet has been relatively stable, in order to avoid rigidity, the second couplet is continued in a loose tone, with ups and downs of literary style. "The meaning of parting with you" follows the first couplet to describe the feeling of farewell, which makes you want to vomit but swallow it.
Translated, it is: "The mood of saying goodbye to you!..." I didn't say what the mood was. He immediately changed his words and made a twist, explaining it with the sentence "we are both eunuchs". It means: You and I are also far away from our homeland and traveling in a foreign land; this parting is just a difference between guests, so why should we be sentimental!
Sanlian pushed forward a step, and strange peaks protruded. From the perspective of conception, it is probably inspired by Cao Zhi's "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao" "A husband's ambitions are all over the world, and he is still close to his neighbors thousands of miles away; if his love is not lost, he will be close to each other even though we are far apart". But it is highly summarized and creates a great poem, which has become a famous sentence through the ages.
The last couplet follows the three couplets and ends with comforting Du Shaofu. "At the crossroads", click on the word "send" on the title. A fork in the road is also a fork in the road. The ancients often saw each other off at a fork in the road, so parting was often called "Lin Qi". The author comforted Du Shaofu when leaving: As long as we understand each other and are connected heart to heart, even if one is at the end of the world and the other is at the corner of the ocean, separated by thousands of mountains and rivers, the emotional exchange will be as close as neighbors, isn't it? But don't cry or wipe your tears when you say goodbye, like ordinary children do.
Jiang Yan, a famous writer in the Southern Dynasties, wrote all kinds of farewells in "Farewell Ode", which can't help but make people "lost their souls". Many farewell poems in ancient times mostly expressed the emotion of "sadness". This song by Wang Bo is completely free of sadness, has a broad artistic conception, a hearty tone, and is uniquely high-class.
This is a poem to say goodbye to a friend. Du Shaofu, who was on the road, was obviously depressed. It is an embarrassing sight to say goodbye to relatives and friends in Chang'an, the capital of Kyoto, with its majestic cities and vast kifu, and to go alone to the windy, confusing and long-distance Sichuan River. The beginning of the poem not only points out the location, but also expresses my sympathy for my friends. "Wind and smoke" describes Wujin as being remote and difficult to see, and also implies that the future of official career is unknown. Concern is revealed in "looking". Three or four sentences go a step further and say, although you are gone like a wandering boat, I am also a person who has been ups and downs in the officialdom for many years. Why don't I feel equally sad when we break up! Taking sympathy as comfort has secretly teased the word "confidant". Then it turns to the feeling that the world is like a neighbor. It ends with a farewell message, which is of high style and lifts the spirits of friends. This kind of consolation is different from blindly making sentimental remarks, and it is especially rare in the poetry of the early Tang Dynasty where children's writing is popular.
The concept of this poem is obviously influenced by the poem "Giving the White Horse to Wang Biao" by the Jian'an poet Cao Zhi. There is this saying in Cao's poem: "My husband has ambitions all over the world, and he is still close to his neighbors thousands of miles away. If the love is not lost, we will be close to each other even though we are far away. Why bother to share the quilt with the bed tent and then show your attentiveness. Worry has become a reality. Disease (fever) is nothing but the benevolence (love) of children. "Wang Bo's poem uses its meaning to make the wording more refined, subtle and calm. Breaking through the legacy of Qi and Liang palace style poems in the early Tang Dynasty, which was originally a historical achievement of the "Four Masters". In the innovation of poetic style, they turned against Qi and Liang and learned from Jian'an, which also represents the progressive trend of poetry development.
This is a five-melody song that is quite mature in all aspects. Not only are the sounds of the words perfectly coordinated (even though the seventh sentence uses the "ping 廄 平廄" variant, it is also a regular pattern for rhymed sentences, especially in Du Fu's rhymed poems), but also the beginning, succession, transition, and combination are well organized, and the use of antitheses can also be used. Notice the change in the whole and the scattered. The second couplet uses flowing syntax, which seems to be correct but not correct. This is because the first couplet starts with a strict duality, so the scattered tone is deliberately used to avoid being dull. The third couplet rises out of thin air and has a powerful turning point. It is the most alarming part of the whole poem. At the end, it is natural to have an inimitable attitude of children not stained with tears. It is comforting and encouraging, and it makes people open-minded when reading it. It can be seen that the five-character poem has been basically finalized under the pens of the "Four Masters". Read and expand and edit this paragraph Wang Bo's "Poetry of Prince Teng's Pavilion": Prince Teng's high pavilion is near the Yangtze River, and he wears a jade-colored mingluan to sing and dance. The painted building is flying toward Nanpu clouds, and the bead curtain rolls into the west mountain rain at dusk. The shadows in Xianyuntan Lake are long, and things change and the stars move several autumns. The emperor's son is now safe in the pavilion, and the Yangtze River flows freely outside the threshold.
Attachment:
Wang Bo's "Two Farewells to the Moon at Night in Jiangting" (Part 2): The smoke cage is surrounded by green bricks, and the moon is flying towards the south end. Loneliness is hidden from the pavilion, and the country and mountains are cold this night.
Wang Bo's "In the Mountains": The Yangtze River has sadly stagnated, and it will return after thousands of miles. The situation is high and windy at night, and yellow leaves are flying in the mountains.