First, write landscape poems.
There were many excellent landscape poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties, but few of them were as naive and simple as the poems of Journey to the West.
As an illusory story, there are bound to be many descriptions of illusory scenery. Because it is illusory, the poems in this book are less bound by reality than ordinary landscape poems. This is more convenient for the author to play. The most representative is the description of heaven, such as:
..... The golden light is rolling in the red neon, and the spirit is spraying purple fog. I saw the worse gate, blue, heavy and made of glass; Bright and beautiful, Baoyu dresses up ................................................................................................................................................... ................... inserted some winding coral trees in the agate bottle ... The fourth time: Why did the official seal the horse's heart and pay attention to God's will?
Combining reality, this poem vividly depicts a paradise that does not exist in itself, as if there really is a paradise. Bright and bright, Baoyu dresses up neatly, and simple words depict a magnificent environment.
Water curtain cave described it as follows:
From Bai Hong, thousands of snow waves fly;
The sea breeze kept blowing and the moonlight shone on the river.
The air conditioner is green, and the rest is moist and delicate;
The famous waterfall is like hanging a curtain.
Once again:
Moss piles green, white clouds float jade, and patches of haze shake gently. Empty window quiet room, flowers on the sliding stool board. Dragon balls are hung all over the floor in the milk cave, and exotic flowers and grasses are lingering everywhere. There are fire marks on the cliff of the cooker, and the dishes can be seen on the chopping board. The stone bed on the stone platform is really lovely, and the stone bowl in the stone basin is even more impressive. See also bamboo cultivation with one pole and two poles, plum blossom at 3.5 points.
The beauty in it is appreciated by readers.
Of course, the scenery on the westbound road: villages, Woods, rosy clouds, sunset photos, temples, palaces ... are all wonderful and charming. Let me quote a poem about autumn as follows:
Maple leaves are red all over the mountain, and yellow flowers are resistant to the evening breeze.
Old cicadas become lazy and worry about crickets.
Lotus broken green fan, orange gold bullet cluster.
The poor goose was eaten up bit by bit. Chapter 23: Sanzang is obsessed with the four saints trying Zen.
"Maple leaves all over the mountain" is about autumn, chrysanthemums swaying in the evening breeze, cicadas "laughing" and "singing lazy" in the long journey, which seems a little sad and homesick. Love your country? Tang Sanzang may be thinking about the words of Tang Wang, "I would rather have a twist of soil in my hometown than love twenty-two thousand gold from other places", and he really can't finish thinking about it. "Lotus breaks the green fan, orange fragrant gold bullets cluster" is the best sentence. In ten words, autumn's "killing" and "happiness" are all revealed. On the one hand, "broken lotus" is a symbol of destruction. Autumn is also a symbol of war. Judging from the five elements, autumn belongs to gold. Ouyang Xiu said that "the loyalty of heaven and earth always centers on Xiao Sha". On the other hand, it is "orange fragrance", which shows another feature of autumn. The so-called "spring flowers and autumn fruits" is the harvest season, so the poet used the word "gold" to describe its joy. At the end of the sentence, "poor goose!"
Wu Cheng'en also has a classic, which is about snow:
The clouds are thick and foggy. Clouds are dense and the north wind is cold. There was heavy fog and heavy snow. Thousands of trees, each with its own jade, suddenly became salt. The white parrot loses its element, and the feather of the crane also. In addition, thousands of rivers in the southeast of Wu Chu overwhelmed several trees and plums, but it was like a jade dragon lost to three million, and it was like broken bones flying all over the sky. There, Dong Guoliv, Yuan Anwo and Sun Kangying were admitted. Not to mention Tong Zhou, Wang Gongbi and Su Wu's placemats. But only a few cottages are made of silver, and Wan Li is as beautiful as jade. What good snow! Catkin is full of bridges and pear blossoms are full of houses. Catkin overflows the bridge, and the fisherman's bridge hangs hemp fiber; Pear blossoms fill the house, leaving wild Weng to simmer. It is difficult for a guest to sell wine, but it is difficult for a pale head to Xun Mei. It rains to cut butterflies, and it floats to cut goose clothes. Clouds roll with the wind, and layers of fans are stacked. The cold wind wore small curtains and the air was chilly. An auspicious harvest falls from the sky, which is good for the world. 48 th time
Among them, the words are very gorgeous and accurate, "six flowers, flying Qiong; Thousands of trees, each with its own jade ""powder accumulated in an instant ""white parrot lost its element, white crane lost its feather. Coupled with the thousands of rivers and waters in Wu Chu, it overwhelmed several trees in the southeast, but it seemed that Yulong was defeated by three million, and it was really like a broken tail flying all over the sky. " With exaggerated metaphors and the combination of reality and reality, the scenery of heavy snow is vividly described.
Another word that describes a painting is also highly praised by me:
Seven sages pass through the customs, fishing alone in the cold river, overlapping snow scenes; Su Wu ate blankets, folded plum blossoms, and Lin Qiongyu wrote cold prose. Fish near Shuige is hard to buy, but wine on the snowy mountain trail is hard to sell. What's the use of visiting Penghu?
I believe readers will like it. Such poems can be found everywhere in The Journey to the West's whole book. While enjoying the wonderful story, we also have to admire the author's superb skills in writing landscapes!
Second, poems depicting characters.
As a novel, The Journey to the West's description of characters is very important. Wu Cheng'en not only portrayed many vivid and profound characters through the plot of the story, but also used a lot of poems to describe it.
Of course, the main purpose of this is to make the storyteller show off verbally and attract people. But if we look closely today, we will find that his poems describing characters also have their own inestimable value.
Let's talk about Wu Cheng'en's description of the magical beauty of monsters.
On the way to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, the immortals wanted to test the sincerity of these four people, and as a result, they became four beautiful women. Wu Cheng'en made a detailed description of these four people here:
Enchanting national color, gentle and graceful heart.
How charming the bud is, and the embroidered belt floats like dust.
Half-smiling cherry blossoms, slow-moving blue musk deer spray.
Full of pearls, shaking countless treasures;
The whole body is fragrant, delicate and delicate.
What do you think of Chuva's beauty and charming face?
It's really nine days since the fairy came to earth, and the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon is cold!
Because of "beauty", it is "touching". What kind of beauty is it? Next, when you say "how charming" and "how beautiful", you will know that it is graceful, clean and refined, and people can't put it down. Wu Cheng'en also, indulging in canoes for thousands of miles, "full of beads, shaking countless treasures; The whole body is fragrant, delicate and delicate, and people have to love it. All mortals are like this, not to mention Bajie?
White also became a beauty:
Jade bone was hidden in the ice muscle, and his shirt collar was crisp. Emerald eyebrows, almond eyes shining with silver stars. The moon looks good and has a distinct natural character. The body is like a willow hiding a swallow, and the sound is like a warbler forest. Begonia cage is half open at dawn, peony is open, and spring is bright.
This is a description of a leprechaun who dresses up to seduce people, so she "shows her breasts". However, the spider sisters are different. They have both Tang Priest and clothes stolen by Monkey. Their seduction and exposure are natural and unadorned, and they must be appreciated. The author lived up to expectations. Before that, he will throw out two small poems to let the wind blow out and see:
The heart is as strong as stone, and the nature is as happy as spring.
The charming face is lined with rosy clouds, and the red lips are even.
A moth's eyebrows are small, but a cicada's temples are new.
If you stand among the flowers, you will be mistaken.
Once again:
Better than Yuxiang, more real as Huayu.
Willow eyebrows are far away, sandalwood mouth breaks cherry lips.
The hairpin's head is upturned with jade, and the golden lotus shines in a crimson skirt.
But it's like Chang 'e coming down to earth and the fairy falling into the dust.
Who doesn't love a beautiful face? I didn't expect to be more generous next:
Loosen the button and untie the bow tie.
Crispy breasts are as white as silver, and the county town is as muddy as snow.
Elbows and arms are better than rouge, and shoulders are better than powder.
The stomach is soft and the back is smooth.
Knee and wrist half circumference, golden lotus is three inches narrow.
A love affair in the middle reveals romance. Seventy-two times: The seven lovers in Pansidong are obsessed with this dirty spring.
This kind of scenery happened to be clearly seen by Monkey Sun. So I still don't understand why he is so determined to eradicate them. These lovely beauties!
Third, the Syrian war poetry
In this book, many descriptions of battle scenes are also expressed in the form of poems.
In other words, these poems are actually narrative poems, only describing the war, so I call them Syrian war poems. The typical poem of the same kind should be Homer.
The poems about the Syrian war in this book are exaggerated and bold, which are unmatched by poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. During the Republic of China, a poet who loved and wrote about war was magnificent, but I don't think he can compare with this book.
The fighting between the Monkey King and Qi Mu is described as follows:
Although sticks are different from iron, soldiers are different from soldiers.
One is Taiyi who scattered immortals to call the Great Sage, and the other is Zheng Yuanlong, a disciple of Guanyin.
Mud iron bars are hammered, and six ding and six Jia are magical; Ruyi stick is Tianhe Ding, Zhenhai Shenzhen Manahong.
When two real rivals meet, there are countless solutions. This one is fierce, like the wind around the waist;
How can the gun holder be compatible with the left cover and the right gear if it is not empty? At that time, the standard was shining, and this time it was camel ding in winter and winter.
Ten thousand people will be surrounded by clouds, and a hole full of monsters and monkeys.
Strange fog and clouds filled the hell, and the wolf smoke shot at the heavenly palace.
Yesterday's scuffle with North Korea was acceptable, but today's struggle is more intense.
I admire the Monkey King's real skill, but Mu Cha was not defeated.
This poem first introduces the identities of the combatants: one is the Great Sage and the other is Long Yuan. Then the weapons are introduced: one is a mud iron bar, and the other is a wishful stick. Next, it describes the war. Thousands of Fierce Men and Nothingness vividly describe the fierceness of both sides of the war.
Of course, this kind of poem is the most common in this book. Almost all kinds of battles are described, so studying these will help to supplement the shortcomings of describing events in real novels, and there is no need to use words such as "postmodernism" to cover up shame!
Fourth, spread Buddhist poetry.
In the middle and late Song Dynasty, a few poets often attended Buddhist and Taoist meetings and poems. After entering the Yuan Dynasty, due to political deception and poor fame, many people in the Han Dynasty had the idea of seclusion. These can be seen in the Yuan Dynasty.
For example, the goat in Lv Zhong by Chen Cao 'an:
At the beginning of the morning, the crow quarrels, which one doesn't go to the world of mortals. The road is far away, the water is far away, and the fame is all on Chang' an Road. Today's teenagers are old tomorrow, and the mountains are still good; People, gaunt.
Another example is Deng Yubin's "Zhenggong" order * Daoqing:
Deep in the white clouds, under the green hills, there is no winter and summer in Maoan Caotang. I have a few words and a gourd rack. What did you save? What did you save? It's as strong as a storm.
Wu Cheng'en was also keen on fame when he was young, but he didn't always get what he wanted. How many times has he failed in the exam? It was not until he was forty-five years old in the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing that he was admitted to Gong Sheng at the age of one. This also made him feel a little tired of the world and tried to seek liberation from Buddhism and Taoism. Therefore, his poems are filled with the tranquility and peace of Buddhism. In the impetuous modern society, it is very useful for us to read such poems.
For example, "Recent Love"
Wan Li's boat is small, quiet and lonely, and the sound of stone is nearby.
Turn over a new leaf, less fame and fortune, and climb the grass at leisure.
Sha Ou Kangle Road, Lu 'an Luwan, laughing with his wife.
"Sleep soundly, the wind and waves are rough, and there is no honor and shame."
In this kind of poetry, what I appreciate most is this song "Man Ting Square":
Watch chess, cut trees, walk in the valley beside the cloud, sell wine and laugh. When the sky is grey and the autumn is crisp, you can relax your roots on the moon and wake up in the morning. You can recognize the old forest, climb the cliff, cross the ridge and cut off the dead vines with an axe. You can harvest a load, sing in the market, and it is easy to compete for three liters. What's more, the price is average and you won't be clever.
This word inherited all the complaints of scholars in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and described the life of a woodcutter with a detached attitude.
The following poem is crucial:
When will you stop fighting for fame and fortune? Getting up early and going to bed late is not free!
Riding a donkey and mule thinking about a good horse, the official residence looked at the princes.
I only worry about food, clothes and hard work. Why are you afraid of Yan Jun taking the bait?
Stepsons and grandchildren are rich, and no one wants to look back!
The artistic achievement of this poem is not very high, similar to limerick. However, this poem influenced many story writers in the Ming Dynasty. It expresses people's enthusiasm for fame and wealth and the expansion of desire in two simple sentences: "riding a mule thinking of a good horse, the prime minister of the official residence watching the princes." It really fits!
Another poem:
The sky in Wan Li is pale and glowing, and crows return home late.
The city is brightly lit and quiet, which is the time for Zen monks.
The description of the environment is sad and quiet, which coincides with the source of Buddhism and makes people calm.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) the value of knowledge
Wu Cheng'en is a gifted scholar. He loves painting, and landscape figures are all demons. "The audience thinks he knows everything." He stopped painting as an adult, so he didn't see his paintings handed down. Wu Cheng'en is also very proficient in Weiqi. He once wrote Weiqi songs for the then national players Bao Jingyuan and Li Fu, and skillfully combined the layout of Weiqi with history and military war stories. He described Emperor Taizong for the tenth time in The Journey to the West.
The way of the game is more rigorous. The tallest player is in the belly, the lower player is on the side, and the middle player is in the corner. This is the usual method of chess players. Legally speaking, losing a son is better than losing the first son. If you hit the left, you will see the right, and if you attack, you will look forward. If you have the first one, then you will have the last one. If you are alive, you should not be connected. You should not be too wide or too close. You shouldn't love your son to survive, you should look forward. Instead of walking alone with nothing to do, make up for it if it is not solid. We are outnumbered, so we should show our potential. Good people don't fight, good people don't fight. A good fighter is unbeaten, and a good loser is not chaotic. The chess game started with a perfect game and ended with a strange victory. People who have nothing to do and make up for it themselves are aggressive. Those who abandon the small and do not save have the heart of the big picture. People who go down at will have no plan; Those who react without thinking are on the road to failure. The poem says, "Be careful, as if you are in a valley." This is also called.
The poem says,
The chessboard is made of earth and sky, and the color is made of yin and yang.
Go down to Xuanwei Tongbian and laugh at Ke Xian who was rotten that day.
At the same time, in The Journey to the West, there are also descriptions of several paintings of Tang Priest in a national palace, which also shows his research on painting. If we study them carefully, we can learn a lot from them.
So the poems of Journey to the West can bring us a lot of knowledge, which is another value.
Intransitive verb others
We may be able to sum up a rule, that is, in the classic novels in history, many poems are often used to express feelings, such as China's classical Four Great Classical Novels, three words and two beats, and so on. And western, such as The Lord of the Rings, or another reason, that is, it is beneficial for storytellers to sing sighs.
There are many people who study the poems in A Dream of Red Mansions and Jin Ping Mei, but few people study the poems in The Journey to the West. I summed up that most of the poems of Journey to the West are slow words or Sanqu, which only pay attention to antithesis and not to meter, which is similar to our modern poems. However, if you do this, you will obliterate your own value. Since such a poem is well written and read, it is absolutely impossible.
The study of The Journey to the West's poems can also be extended to some literary forms in Yuan Dynasty. As mentioned above, one of Xue's poems is just like Guan Hanqing's "Recent Flowers".
Don't elaborate, you can continue what you have come.