The most beautiful tomb in the world
Teaching objectives
1, feel the beauty of the concise and beautiful language of the article.
2. Improve students' ability to summarize, analyze and evaluate the ideological content of the article.
3. Experience Zweig's reverence for the great Tolstoy.
Teaching focus
Perfect Combination of Situational Theory in Prose
Teaching difficulties
1. Perfect combination of situational theory in prose
2. Appreciate the language full of the author's strong feelings
teaching method
Questioning method, interpretation.
Teaching time
2 class hours
teaching process
first kind
I. Introduction to the text
In a forest in Russia, there is a small rectangular mound full of flowers. It has no cross, no tombstone, no epitaph, and no name of the deceased. It "lies alone in the shade, away from the hubbub" and "the sparse wooden fence around it never closes". Anyone can step into his final resting place. Everyone can think of what is contained in this small, ordinary and ordinary rectangular mound. The author calls it "the most beautiful tomb in the world". (Title of blackboard writing)
Two. Brief introduction of the author
1. Zweig (188 1 ~ 1942) is an Austrian writer. Born into a factory owner's family in Vienna, he studied philosophy and literature in Vienna and Berlin when he was young. After 1904, he became a newspaper editor. He devoted himself to poetry creation and translation in his early years. After the outbreak of the European War, he went into exile in Switzerland and engaged in anti-war peace activities. Bury oneself in writing after the war. I visited the Soviet Union and met Gorky. 1933 After the fascists came to power, he went into exile again, became a British citizen, then moved to Brazil, and finally committed suicide with his wife because he was desperate for the future of Europe. He wrote many biographies of famous people in his life, highlighting the mental outlook of the characters, and made unique achievements in the short and medium story Wolf's Ambition with exquisite psychoanalytic techniques. His famous works include Twenty-four Hours in a Woman's Life, Letter from an Unknown Woman, which describes the emotional life and unfortunate fate of middle-class women, and The Story of Chess, which condemns the persecution of fascism. His only novel, A Restless Heart.
2. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828- 19 10)
1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Russia's greatest writer is also one of the most outstanding writers in the history of world literature. His literary works occupy a first-class position in world literature. His representative works include anna karenine, War and Peace, Resurrection and the autobiographical trilogy of Childhood, Teenager and Youth. Other works include A Landlord's Morning, Cossack, The Story of Sevastopol, Lucerne and so on. He reached the peak of critical realism literature in Europe at that time with his lifelong efforts. Tolstoy was born in ancient and prestigious big noble, but throughout his life, he sincerely sought ways to get close to the people and made many reforms to his manor, but all failed. Literary creation began in the fifties. War and Peace is the summary of his early works. Anna karenin represents the second milestone of his creation. Resurrection is an artistic summary of his long-term ideological exploration, and it is the most comprehensive, profound and powerful novel that he criticizes the Russian landlord-bourgeois society.
"War and Peace": centering on the issue of war, taking the lives of four nobles, Kulagin, Paul Kanski, Rostov and Bezuhov, as clues, it shows the Russian history 19 century ago 15 years ago, depicts the lives of all classes, and puts forward many important questions. The central idea of the novel is to show that the people are the decisive force to promote history, and to affirm the justice of the Russian people's resistance to Napoleon's invasion war in 18 12.
Anna karenine interweaves two parallel development clues: Anna's pursuit of love freedom and Levin's exploration of social outlet. Through these two plot clues, the novel not only vividly reflects the changes of Russian society, but also clearly exposes the sharp contradiction of Tolstoy's world view.
Resurrection: In Resurrection, Tolstoy sharply criticized the landlord-bourgeois society and expressed his views on the state, the church, private ownership of land and capitalism. With strong anger, he exposed the profound disaster brought by the autocratic system to the people. Leading role: Maslova and Nekhludoff.
3. Goethe (1749 ~ 1832), a German poet and writer. Born into a wealthy family, he entered the University of Leipzig at the age of 16, and then studied at the University of Rasburg, Huste, where he obtained a doctorate in law and worked as a lawyer. Influenced by the Enlightenment, young Goethe showed rebellious spirit in his early works, including Prometheus and Young Werther. From 65438 to 0786, Goethe came to Italy, became interested in Greek and Roman classical art, and completed the poetic tragedy Egmont. 1794, he and Schiller started cooperation for ten years. * * jointly created the "classical period" in Germany and contributed to the unprecedented prosperity of German literature. His major masterpieces include the novel The Roaming Age of William Master, his autobiography Poetry and Truth, Faust and so on.
4. Shakespeare (1564 ~ 16 16), a great English poet and dramatist, is the most outstanding representative of the European Renaissance. Born in Stratford, England. 1585 went to London to make a living, worked as a theater handyman and screenwriter, and later became a theater shareholder. Three years before his death, he returned to his hometown to spend his old age. He wrote 37 plays, 2 long poems and 154 sonnets in his life. His greatest achievements in poetry and drama are historical dramas and comedies, such as Richard III, Henry IV, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Romeo and Juliet, etc. The middle period is a tragic period, with a gloomy and tragic style; Later legendary dramas such as Hamlet, Othello and King Lear tend to reconcile and forgive the world, and their works include The Tempest and Henry VIII. His works widely and profoundly reflect the social contradictions and human feelings in the process of the disintegration of British feudal system and the rise of capitalism. Vivid characters, vivid plots and concise language have made great artistic achievements and exerted great and far-reaching influence all over the world.
Third, find a classmate to read the text and feel the article as a whole.
The most beautiful tomb in the world is a true description of the author 1928' s feelings in front of Tolstoy's grave when he was traveling in Russia. We can read between the lines the reverence of Austrian citizens for the great Tolstoy.
Four. abstract
An overview of writers' creation
V. Industry
Thinking after class:
1. What is the concept and structure of the most beautiful tomb in the world?
2. Why does the author call it "the most beautiful tomb in the world"?
Second lesson
I. Analysis of key issues:
1. Why is Tolstoy's tomb the most beautiful in the world? Where is the most beautiful? Please summarize it in one word.
Tip: A, it is the most beautiful because a great man with noble moral character is buried in a simple grave, a great man who has created great spiritual wealth for mankind. The triviality of the grave seems out of proportion to the fame of great men, but this is exactly what the author intended. There is greatness in commonness, and contrast makes people find an unusual spiritual strength, which is also the basis for this article to impress readers.
B, simple
2. Where is the performance of Park Sumei in Tolstoy's tomb? (Unity of External Beauty and Internal Beauty)
It shows that the indifferent personality of the deceased is in harmony with the appearance of the tomb, and then decorated with flowers to form a simple beauty.
What is Tolstoy's tomb like? Please find the original text.
① "It's just a rectangular mound, unguarded, unguarded, with only a few big trees in the shade."
(2) "It is just a small rectangular mound in the forest, covered with flowers, without crosses, tombstones, epitaphs, or even the name Tolstoy."
Whether you pass by here in summer or winter, you can't imagine that this small, bulging rectangle hides one of the greatest figures of our time.
(4) "Napoleon's tomb under the marble dome of the retirement home for the elderly, the sick and the disabled, Goethe's tomb in the Duke of Weimar's tomb, and Shakespeare's sarcophagus in Westminster Abbey all don't look like the nameless tomb in this forest. They are silent, solemn and touching, and can violently shock everyone's deep feelings."
Compared with other great men's tombs, what does Tolstoy's tomb lack?
"No": cross, tombstone, epitaph, name.
"Only": small rectangular mounds and flowers.
"No": curiosity (disturbing the peace)
Only: respect
3. Why is simplicity the most beautiful?
Tip: The ordinary tomb doesn't seem to match the fame of great men, but this is exactly what the author thinks. The ordinary contains greatness, and the contrast makes people find an unusual spiritual strength (indifferent to fame and fortune), which is the basis of the article's impression.
4. How does the author express this simple beauty?
Language: simple words, simple words, simple language to write a simple grave. The language is profound and moving, and the feelings are warm and strong.
Writing skills: parallelism, contrast, setting off and drawing.
Pepe: "It's just a small rectangular mound in the Woods, full of flowers, without crosses, tombstones, epitaphs, or even the name Tolstoy." (highlighting the simplicity of Tolstoy's tomb)
Contrast: "Napoleon's tomb under the marble dome of the retirement home for the elderly, the sick and the disabled, Goethe's tomb in the Duke of Weimar's tomb, and Shakespeare's sarcophagus in Westminster Abbey don't look like the nameless tomb in this forest. They are silent and solemn, touching, and can violently shock everyone's deep feelings." By comparing the tombs of Napoleon, Goethe and Shakespeare, it shows that the grandeur of these great men is not as simple as Tolstoy's tomb, which shocks people's deep feelings. )
Sketch: (concise, non-rendering and non-contrast writing techniques. This article is an emotional prose, which expresses personal feelings by describing the scenery.
For example, "in summer, the wind rustles among the trees overlooking the unknown tomb and plays with the warm sunshine on the tomb;" In winter, white snow gently covers this dark land. "(a) in a solemn atmosphere, lively scenery can add a little vitality and warmth, so that readers feel not only" serious ",but also beautiful and moving. B: The nature around the cemetery contrasts with the luxurious decoration of other cemeteries, which reflects the simplicity of the tomb. C: Through the dynamic description of natural scenery, it reflects the tranquility of the cemetery. )
Second, summary
Although this is a very ordinary and simple cemetery, it connects the noble hearts of great men. It can also be said that it is the amazing simplicity of the cemetery that forms a sharp contrast with the greatness of the tomb owner, which makes the author even more moved. The author also conveyed his feelings of being violently shocked through simple language. How many feelings and sentiments are contained in the unpretentious words of The Most Beautiful Tomb on Earth, which makes the form and content of the article, emotional expression and rational thinking perfectly unified and shocking. The author deeply praised Tolstoy's noble character of not paying attention to fame and fortune and pursuing simplicity and nature. In the author's praise of Tolstoy, it also reflects the author's value judgment-the simplest and most touching.
Third, the industry
Finish after-school exercises
half-ripe
The most beautiful tomb in the world
The overall impression of Tuo Tomb is magnificent and touching.
The introduction of love tomb is far away from the hubbub, rectangular mound, lonely and touching.
The most beautiful tomb in the world is striking simplicity.