The narrow sense of Qinling Mountains is the middle part of Qinling Mountains, which is located in the middle part of Shaanxi Province. In the Han Dynasty, it was named "Qinling Mountain", and it was named "Nanshan" because it was located in the south of Guanzhong.
The Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province are distributed in the shape of a bee's waist, with several mountains on the east and west wings. The three branches in the west wing are Dasanling (2819 meters above sea level), Fengling (2 meters above sea level) and Zibai Mountain (2538 meters above sea level). The branches of the east wing are Huashan (1997 meters above sea level), Mangling Mountain, Liuling Mountain and Xinkailing Mountain from north to south. Mountains and basins are arranged alternately, and many rivers with deep mountains develop. The main parts of the middle Qinling Mountains are Taibai Mountain (3,767 meters above sea level), Aoshan Mountain (3,476 meters above sea level), shouyangshan (2,72 meters above sea level), Zhongnanshan Mountain (2,64 meters above sea level) and Caolianling Mountain (2,646 meters above sea level). The mountain range has obvious barrier function to the East Asian monsoon, which is the dividing line in climate and the dividing line between Weihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River, and Jialing River and Hanjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River.
There are obvious differences in natural landscapes between the northern and southern slopes of Qinling Mountains. The northern slope of the Yellow River basin is a warm temperate mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Due to long-term agricultural development, most of them are secondary forests. The flora and animal species in Qinling Mountain area are obviously transitional, mixed and complex. There are rare species such as giant panda, golden monkey and antelope in wild animals, and crested ibis and black stork in birds. Qinling Mountain now has national Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve and Foping Nature Reserve.
The cultural landscapes in the north and south of Qinling Mountains also have their own characteristics. The Guanzhong Plain in the north is known as "Eight Hundred Li Qinchuan" in history. Since the Neolithic Age, human farming and settlement have appeared, and it is a famous gathering place of cultural relics and historic sites in China. The deep valley in the north-south direction between Qinling Mountains has been a north-south communication channel since ancient times, among which the famous ones are Chencang Road, the meridian road from Xi 'an to Ningshan, the praise and oblique road near the water and inclined water, and Luoluo Road and Zhouyang Road. There are many cultural relics and historical stories on the northern slope of Qinling Mountains and the southern edge of Guanzhong Plain. There are the Mausoleum of the First Qin Dynasty and many imperial tombs, the site of Fenghao in Zhou Dynasty, the site of Afang Palace in Qin Dynasty, Louguantai, Zhang Liangmu and Cailun Tomb. Zhongnanshan, located more than 4 kilometers south of Xi 'an, has beautiful scenery since ancient times. There is a poem in The Book of Songs, Qin Feng, that "There is nothing in the south, and there is a plum blossom". In the Tang Dynasty, officials and gentry built villas here, among which Wang Wei's Wangchuan Villa was the most famous. Most of Wang Wei's beautiful landscape poems describe the scenery here. Zu Yong, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "on seeing the snow-peak of zhongnan", which read "The End of Nanyang Lingxiu, with its white top over floating clouds, and a warm sky opening at the snow-line and while the town in the valley grows colder and colder". There are also beautiful peaks such as Cuihua Mountain, Nanwutai Mountain and Lishan Mountain nearby. There are more than 4 large and small temples such as Taiyi Palace and Laojun 'an built since the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the mountains, which is a good place to visit Guanzhong for summer vacation.
There is Maijishan Grottoes in the western part of the Qinling Mountains, where the cliffs stand like wheat. Since the post-Qin period, there are 194 caves, more than 7, Buddha statues and more than 1,3 square meters of murals, which is a treasure house of ancient sculpture art.
There are countless mammals such as gazelle, impala, wild boar, black bear, forest musk deer, muntjac, hedgehog, bamboo rat, flying squirrel, squirrel, and the most abundant pheasant group in the world. With so many herbivores, I believe no carnivore will worry about food here. Therefore, based on the identification of many carnivores such as leopard, clouded leopard, jackal, yellow-throated mink and leopard cat, zoologists have never given up the hope of finding South China tiger in Qinling Mountains. Animals are still like this, not to mention plants. As the ancients said, there is no idle grass on Taibai Mountain. The plants in Qinling Mountain are not only varied, but also unique.
The Qinling Mountains have such unique biological resources. What are the reasons? This should start with the unique geographical location and distinctive characteristics of Qinling Mountains. In the middle of China's territory, Qinling Mountain is the highest mountain range to the east since then, and it is also the only east-west mountain range. In the eyes of geographers, Qinling is the dividing line between the south and the north, and the watershed of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. In the eyes of zoologists, Qinling divides the fauna into Palaearctic realm and Oriental realm, where two completely different kinds of animals meet and merge; In the eyes of climatologists, Qinling is a transitional zone between the north subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone; In the eyes of writers, the Qinling Mountains and the Yellow River are both called the father mountain and the mother river of the Chinese nation, and the Qinling Mountains are also regarded as the Long Mai of Chinese civilization ...
The Weihe River is the largest first-class tributary of the Yellow River in the north of the Qinling Mountains; In the south is the Han River, the largest first-class tributary of the Yangtze River. The largest first-class tributary of the two largest and most important rivers in China is surrounded by such a strange mountain range. More precisely, it is this vast and profound mountain range that breeds two rivers with extraordinary significance.
Because of the climatic barrier and water source nourishment of Qinling Mountains, there will be favorable weather in Qinchuan for 8 miles, and there will be the peerless elegance of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties. The most proud ancient civilization of the Chinese nation really benefited from such an unpretentious mountain range composed of huge granite masses.
Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River North-South Comparison Table
Regional project Qinling Mountains-North of Huaihe River-South of Huaihe River
Latitude position is 32 N ~ 34 N North and 32 N ~ 34 N South
The main terrain is mainly plains and hills
Climate
The average temperature in January is below C and above C. The seasonal variation of precipitation is small.
dry and wet conditions
rivers
in humid areas in semi-humid areas have small flow, large seasonal changes and abundant flow. Seasonal variation is small
sediment concentration is high and sediment concentration is low
flood season is short and flood season is long
ice period is frozen in winter and not frozen in winter
agriculture
The cultivated land type is mainly dry land and paddy field
The grain crop is mainly wheat and rice
The oil crop is mainly peanut and rape
The sugar crop is mainly sugar beet and sugarcane
The farming system is three crops in two years.