This music song is divided into two parts. Firstly, it describes the heroic scene of Chu soldiers fighting hand-to-hand with the enemy, and then mourns their lofty ambition of dying for their country. As can be seen from the first section, the sun is covered and the enemy is like a cloud. This is a life-and-death battle.
When the enemy came menacingly and rushed into the battle formation of the Chu army, the soldiers of the Chu army still fought bravely for the first place when they wanted to move forward. However, a main battle vehicle rushed out of the battle. This original four-horse cart, although the Hummer on the left has been shot to death and the Hummer on the right has been chopped, its owner, Commander-in-Chief of Chu Army, is still fearless. He buried the two wheels of the chariot in the soil, locked the reins in the cage, but raised the mallet to beat the marching drums.
At that time, the fighting spirit killed Xiao, which led to the anger of Heaven following Wei. When the murderous look is exhausted, there are only bodies left on the battlefield, lying in the wilderness.
The author has a high ability to describe the scene and render the atmosphere. However, in ten sentences, a life-and-death battle is vividly written and extremely infectious.
In their bones, they eulogized the dead soldiers with emotional strokes. I feel that since they put on armor one day, they never want to get away with it again. At this moment, they lay there peacefully and without regret, clutching their weapons. He could hardly contain his emotions.
He is full of love for these soldiers, just as he often refers to beautiful people with beautiful herbs. In this article, he also decorated his characters with all beautiful things. These brave soldiers are famous for their sharp bows made in Wu and powerful bows made in Qin. They are wearing rhinoceros leather armor and holding drumsticks embedded with jade. They are outstanding people in life, but they die ghosts and heroes.
The name of England will live forever. According to the existing historical data, we can't point out the specific time and place of the war and who is the hostile party.
However, on that day, Chu was always threatened by Qin, the most powerful of the seven countries. Since Chu Huaiwang came to power, there have been several large-scale wars between Chu and Qiang Qin, most of which were Chu's patriotic war against Qin Jun's invasion. From this basic historical fact, it is probably no problem to say that this article is about the Chu army's resistance to Qiang Qin's invasion.
In this description, the author's passion for the motherland is vividly expressed. After the demise of Chu, there was a saying in Chu: "Although there are three Chu schools, Qin will die."
In this work, Qu Yuan pays tribute to the fallen soldiers, but at the same time implicitly expresses his desire to avenge the national humiliation and his belief in the victory of the just cause. In this sense, his thoughts are closely related to the Chu people. As the first great poet of the Chinese nation who made contributions to mankind, what he wrote was not just a little personal sadness and joy, but was framed, rejected and even exiled in Yuanxiang. ? Suffering; What he dedicated to people was his almost paranoid patriotism.
He is the throat of the Chu people, and his national mourning, including a series of other works, expresses the patriotic aspirations of the Chu people. This article is somewhat different from the author's other works in artistic expression, and even different from other music songs in Nine Songs.
It's not a gaudy, gorgeous chapter. However, it is "expressing one's mind directly" (Dai Zhen's Qu Zhu), which conveys the beauty of loftiness and masculinity consistent with the reflected person with deep and fiery emotions. It is unique in Chu Ci works and makes people feel strong. The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is exposed like frost, and the geese go south.
I miss you and your guests, and my heart breaks. I miss my hometown, so why did you send it to stay for a long time? I am alone in my room, afraid of forgetting my worries, and I don't feel tears on my clothes. Short songs cannot be long.
The bright moon shines on my bed, and it's still early for the stars to flow west. Penny and Weaver looked at each other from a distance. Why should I restrict the river beam? This is the first of two songs written by Cao Pi.
Ge Yanxing is a Yuefu theme, which belongs to the category of Pingdiao of Xianghe Song. It is similar to Xing He Xing, which reflects the life in their respective regions and has their own musical characteristics. Yan (Yān) was the name of the vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty and even in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and its jurisdiction was about Beijing, northern Hebei and southwestern Liaoning.
This is the border area between the Han nationality and the northern minorities. Since Qin and Han Dynasties, wars have frequently occurred. Therefore, the rulers of past dynasties have sent heavy troops to guard here. Of course, there are many services such as building a city and transferring traffic. Judging from the recent facts, in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (2007), Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan took place in the northern part of this ancient Yan country, which is now Xingcheng, Liaoning.
As early as the Qin dynasty, novels, poems and literary works reflecting the sufferings of the war corvee in this area had the idea of "being cautious when giving birth to a boy, and nurturing the breasts when giving birth to a girl". The folk song "Don't look at the Great Wall, bones support each other" was even more famous in the Han Dynasty "Drinking horses in the Great Wall Cave".
Cao Pi's Ge Yanxing is the inheritance and development of this literary novel, poem and literary work in ideological content. Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poems quoted Yuefu to solve problems and said: "Wei Wendi's two poems Autumn Wind and Another Day have changed in time sequence, and women have nothing to complain about."
He also quoted Yuefu Guangti as saying: "Yan, the place name is also. It is said that there is a good man serving in Yan, which is also for this reason. "
This understanding of the content of novels, poems and literary works is correct. There are no ancient words in Ge Yanxing, and this tune may have originated from Cao Pi.
This novel, poem and literary work reflects the historical phenomenon of 400 years since Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is also the social reality of Jian 'an period that he was close to, showing the author's concern and sympathy for the sufferings of the lower classes. "The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, the vegetation is like frost, and the geese go south."
The first three sentences are about a chilling scene in late autumn, preparing for the heroine's appearance. The image here is visual, auditory and sensory, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and decline.
This scene is consistent with the inner feelings of the upcoming heroine. Although these three sentences are just scenery, there is no positive love, but we already feel that love is full of paper.
This method of expressing feelings of parting and nostalgia by describing autumn scenery is a tradition in China. Song Yu's "Nine Debates" says: "Alas, autumn is the spirit! Desolate.
2. Excellent ancient prose and many dialects that are not bad for Lisao are appreciated, and the sentences are quite distinctive.
The Songs of Chu is a collection of poems by Qu Yuan and Song Yu in the Warring States Period, which was compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty and written by Wang Yi in the Eastern Han Dynasty. These poems use the poetic style and dialect rhyme of Chu State to describe the local customs of Chu State, which has a strong local color, hence the name "Chu Ci".
Li Sao was written after Qu Yuan was demoted. This poem has a certain position in the history of China, so the poet is also called "the poet".
The flexible alternation of fu, bi and xing is the biggest feature of his language use. It expresses the idea that if Chu wants to be strong, it must carry out American politics.
He expressed his dissatisfaction and remorse after the failure to implement the US government, and his firm belief in continuing to implement the US government. He said that he would rather die than betray the king of Chu if he had no chance to do American politics again.
The whole poetry center: promoting American politics. Narrative path: hard preparation, grief and indignation of failure, and reflection without regret; Once again, his attempt was frustrated and he was hopeless. He couldn't bear to vote and died.
Structure of the whole poem: it is divided into five chapters *** 14 complete paragraphs. The first two chapters * * * contain seven complete paragraphs as the first half; The last three chapters also contain seven complete paragraphs as the second half.
In order to facilitate memory, the whole poem can be divided into ten independent stories: five in the first half, Qu Yuan leading the way, Qu Yuan wronged, Qu Yuan unyielding, Qu Yuan resenting and Qu Yuan arguing; In the second half, there are five: Qu Yuan knocks on the sky, Qu Yuan asks for women, Qu Yuan asks for divination, Qu Yuan asks for God, and Qu Yuan votes again. The first chapter "demoted" line 53; Qu Yuan leads the way (1) from birth, ambition and hard work.
1 to 8***8 lines; (2) The necessity of promoting American politics. Lines 9 to 18*** 10; (3) Discussed the process and reasons of the failure of Qu Yuan's political reform.
Line 19 to 35 * * *17; (4) Evaluate the situation of legal reform, and express views on failure and attitudes towards legal reform. Lines 36 to 53 *** 18.
Chapter II "Reflection" Line 38: "Qu Yuan is unyielding" (5) Self-reflection after failure. Lines 54 to 65 * * *12; "Qu Yuan was resented" (6) Relatives complained that Qu Yuan was demoted (leading to later reflection on history).
66 to 7 1***6 lines; Qu Yuan's reasoning (7) Comments and passionate lyricism. Lines 72 to 9 1***20.
The third chapter "Try Again" line 38: "Qu Yuan knocks at Heaven" (8) knocks at Tianmen (directly looking for the king of Chu). Line 92 to107 * * *16; Qu Yuan begging for women (9) begging for beauty (taking the harem route).
Lines 108 to 1 19***22. The fourth chapter "Wandering" line 38; Questioning divination in Qu Yuan (10) and its thinking.
Lines 130 to140 * *11; Qu Yuan asked heaven (1 1). Line 14 1 to151* *1; (12) seriously consider the guidance of the great gods and make up your mind to vote.
Lines 152 to 167*** 16. Chapter 5 Hetou 2 1 Line: Quyuan Hetou (13) made a Western Expedition to the Western Emperor.
Lines 168 to185 * * *18; (14) The summary of the whole poem is the center of the whole poem. Lines 186 to 188***3.
Overview of the whole poem: The first half includes seven complete paragraphs. Narrative path: origin, failure; Reflection, family complaint, reasoning.
The first chapter, line 53, describes the process of being demoted. This paper discusses the necessity of carrying out American Politics and the deep reasons for its failure, and expresses the feelings of * * *.
The second chapter "reflection" line 38: thinking about the reasons for being demoted. There is nothing wrong with feeling upright.
Ignore the accusation of "sister" and demonstrate the rationality and legitimacy of pursuing American politics. The second half consists of seven complete paragraphs.
The poet's route: After failing to go to the Heavenly Palace, he wanted to go to Kunshan to ask the fairy family for advice, but when he saw that there were no women in his hometown (like Nu Wa), he turned to women. After failing to ask for a woman, he went to Kunshan to ask God for advice. After being instructed by the immortal family, he turned to Xidi, but stopped homesick halfway, and finally decided to go to Peng Xian (the late king). The third chapter "Try Again" line 38: After reflection, I strengthened my belief and made clear that my political proposition (promoting American politics) was right, so I went to Tianmen (directly looking for the king of Chu) and asked for beautiful women (taking the harem route).
I hope to make a comeback and continue to promote American politics. The fourth chapter "Wandering" line 38: But "Tianhe (Wang ignored), female Tibetan (Princess ignored)", Wang did not wake up.
The road was blocked, so we had to "pray for a sign" and then think about what to do. Chapter 5 "Hetou" 2 1 Line: Full of twists and turns: At first, I decided to leave Chu for Xidi according to the guidance of the gods, but I was homesick and stopped to give up.
But if you stay in your former residence, there will be no confidant! But in the end, I chose to repay the kindness of the king of Chu with death. The first chapter is about the origin, ambition and efforts of the line 1 to 53 (1). Line 65438 +0 to 8. 8 has rhyme (ing), which is the main rhyme. The descendant of Levin, Bo Yong, is my father.
Descendants of the Yellow Emperor and sons of Chu officials. Do not forget your ancestors, do not forget your ancestors.
2. Just in the Year of the Tiger, the tiger is on the moon, and I came on the Year of the Tiger. People are famous and talented.
My father calculated my birthday and gave me a good name: longan. 4. The name is Zhengqi Xi, and the name is Ling Jun.
Flat = day = law, original = ground = spiritual average. Italian names: Qu Ping and Qu Yuan.
5. Talent is beautiful and capable, which is great for Chang Xin. Strive to gather energy in Xiu De, strive to rebuild laws and regulations, and make Chu strong.
6. Twist the neck and sew it into a scarf. Carefully wipe the rope thread with vanilla, sew the blue leaves and weave the scarf.
Metaphor is creative work.
7. I am afraid that time is like running water, and I know that time is the most ruthless. Know the luck of the day. 8. Pick magnolia on the slope at night and pull holly on the shore.
Metaphor is to work hard, sooner or later. (Collecting raw materials for sewing scarves) (2) The necessity of American politics.
9 to 26, 18 lines and one rhyme (u) main rhyme 09. The sun and the moon will always rotate and go to Qiu Lai in spring. Metaphor is not what it used to be.
10. Look at the grass and trees dying, I'm afraid the beauty will also die. The metaphor is that the current national situation is getting weaker and weaker, and it lost its strength that day.
"Beauty" is a metaphor for dynasties. 1 1. We should forget the old and learn the new. Why not rebuild the law? We should amend the law to guide American politics in order to revive the national prestige.
12. Ride the Dragon Leap and I will lead the way! To act quickly, I am willing to be a pioneer. 13. My late king was noble, and many people ran after him.
Metaphor: specific direction. Take the king of Chu as an example to attract talented people.
14. Zanthoxylum bungeanum accompanied by osmanthus fragrans. Metaphor: loyalty and righteousness get together and work together. 15. Yao and Shun are honest and temperate, and always walk on the right path.
Take history as a mirror (the right way). 16. By hook or by crook, you will be trapped if you take a shortcut.
3. How to appreciate ancient prose from what aspects? ...........
A successful poem must have unique artistic techniques and techniques. Appreciating the artistic techniques and skills of ancient poetry is an important content, which is both the focus and the difficulty of appreciating ancient poetry.
The appreciation of artistic skills generally includes three aspects: the evaluation of expressive techniques, the appreciation of artistic techniques and the appreciation of rhetorical techniques.
First, the expression of evaluation
The forms of expression are narration, description, lyricism and discussion. The so-called evaluation of expression means the ability to distinguish which expressions are used in poetry and their functions.
1, narrative. Explain and introduce the characters and events in the works, such as "Prepare chicken rice for me, so you entertain me on your farm" (Meng Haoran's Crossing the Ancient Village) and "Bow in the corner of the wind and the general hunts the acropolis" (Wang Wei's Hunting). "Gou Jian, the king of Yue, destroyed Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home dressed in gold" (Li Bai's Visit to Vietnam)
2. description. Give a concrete and vivid description of people, things, environment and other forms and characteristics in vivid language. Let readers see their people, such as hearing their voices and seeing their affairs, such as their surroundings. For example, "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream" (Wang Wei's "Mountain Living in Autumn Evening"), "Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and a water egret island" (Li Bai's "On boarding Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace").
3. Lyric. Express subjective feelings and self-feelings in the works, such as "I would like to put down my sword to cut Loulan" (Xia Sai Qu by Li Bai), "We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) and so on.
4. discuss it. Explain the views and attitudes directly in the works, such as "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost hero" (Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains"), "There are many talented people in Jiangdong, and it is unknown to make a comeback" (Tu Mu's "Title Wujiang Pavilion").
These four expressions are not completely separated in specific applications, but often fused together. We need to pay attention to this point, for example, "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the hero cried on their coats from now on" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), which combines four expressions: narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
Second, the appreciation of artistic techniques.
1, the artistic technique of description: from the perspective of description, there are positive description and side description; From the description of pen, there are meticulous and line drawing; From the content of description, there are scenery description and character description.
2. Artistic techniques of lyric: There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Most ancient poems express their feelings with the help of scenery. As the saying goes, "All scenery words are sentimental words", and there are usually four relationships between scenery and emotion: appreciating Syaraku's feelings; Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; Mourn the situation in Syaraku.
3, foil technique: involving positive contrast and negative contrast.
4. Contrast technique.
5, Fu Bixing technique.
6. Use allusions.
7. Virtual writing and real writing.
8. Symbolism.
(See Appendix for details. )
Third, appreciation of rhetorical devices.
The rhetorical devices commonly used in ancient poetry include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, rhetorical questions and puns. When appreciating poetry, we should be able to distinguish these rhetorical devices and analyze their artistic effects.
(See Appendix for details. )
Attachment: Examples of artistic and rhetorical techniques.
1, Bixing technique: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression technique in China's earliest poetry collection The Book of Songs. Later poems inherited the expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu describes the scenery in detail and expresses the author's attitude, such as The Book of Songs? In Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, "Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia is like cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, and the river is dry", "If you don't get enough crops, you won't hunt. If there are gentlemen in counties and counties in Hu Zhaner's court, you won't eat vegetarian food!" Describe a group of logging slaves cutting ebony for slave owners to make cars. In the arduous labor, they think that slave owners get something for nothing and can't restrain their inner anger. Storytelling compares the slave owner to a big mouse, using the method of comparison. Xing means "say something else first to arouse the words to be sung", such as The Book of Songs? "The river is clear and rippling" in Chopping Tan belongs to "Xing", which leads to the following narrative. "Xing" and "Bi" are often combined in a poem. For example, the beginning of Peacock Flying Southeast and Wandering Five Miles is both "Xing" and "Bi".
2, direct and indirect lyricism: express your feelings directly, that is, express your feelings directly, also called express your feelings directly. By describing, describing or discussing something or a problem, we express our feelings implicitly, that is, indirectly. China's classical poetry pursues implication, so it is often indirect lyricism, in order to achieve a blend of scenes. "All scenes have feelings", and scene blending is a common method in classical poetry. Whether there is artistic conception is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is excellent or not. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tone] Qingjiang Tone? Qiu Huai: The west wind came to Wan Li and asked me if geese would sing red leaves before returning. People are intoxicated by the yellow flowers and banana rain and hear Qiu Meng. The poet grasped the meaning of the topic and painted a bleak autumn scenery with west wind, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and rain. The arrival of the west wind is related to the uncertainty of the return date. Because of "Banana Rain", I was worried about fame and fortune, tossing and turning. Every sentence is about scenery, and every sentence is lyrical, with a high degree of unity between emotion and scenery.
4. Articles describing handicrafts (in classical Chinese) "Ding Shen Tudun"
original text
There is Ding Hanyi in the Buyi God mound in Luoyang, which belongs to Chang 'an Shenchuan. Yun Chi's mistake was terrible. Lu Sheng, a neighbor to the west, was pleased with it and called a metalworker to make a statue and cast it. Those who have been quenched by strange drugs and hid in caves for three years. The soil and medicine have corroded, and the copper has melted, just like the owner of Dun. Once, give it to dignitaries, treasure it and entertain guests. When Dun accidentally sat down, he knew that it was Lu's thing and said, "Dun also has a tripod. Its shape is too cool. I don't know which one is the real ear." The dignitaries invited them to see it and said for a long time, "It's not true." The guest said, "It's true, not true." Uneven and countless. The masses were humiliated. Dun dared not speak and sighed back: "Now I know the situation is enough to change right and wrong." Longmenzi heard the news and laughed and said, "Why didn't you see me earlier?" Scholars are also in the text. "(selected from Lian's Song Anthology)
translate
A civilian named Shen Tudun in Luoyang has a tripod in Han Dynasty, which was obtained under a deep valley in Chang 'an. Yunfei is staggered and the pattern is gorgeous. A man named Lu in the west saw this tripod and liked it very much. He asked a goldsmith to cast such a tripod. When casting, it was soaked in strange liquid medicine to cool down, and a hole was dug underground and buried for three years. Both soil and potions have corroded the tripod, and the nature of copper has changed, which is roughly the same as that of sinking a mound. One day, Lu Sheng dedicated this tripod to a powerful person who cherished it, entertained guests and appreciated it. Shen Tudun happened to be at the banquet. Knowing that it belonged to Lu Sheng, he said, "I have a tripod, too. Its shape is very similar to this one, but I don't know which one is true. " The powerful man asked him to bring the tripod for him to identify. (awesome person) looked at it for a long time and said, "It's not true." One by one, the guests said, "Really not." Shen Tudun was filled with indignation and kept arguing. Everyone scoffed at Shen mound, and he dared not speak. He turned around and said with emotion, "After all this, I realized that power is enough to change right and wrong." Longmen Zi smiled and said, "Why did Shen Tudun understand this truth so late? The evaluation articles of scholars are also. "