Appreciation of "Qingming"
Du Mu's "Qingming" uses the technique of starting from low to high, gradually rising, and placing the climax at the end. The aftertaste is eerie and intriguing. Below is my appreciation of Du Mu's "Qingming". Let's take a look.
Original text
Ching Ming Festival⑴
It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival⑵, and pedestrians on the road want to die⑶.
May I ask where is the restaurant ⑷? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village ⑸.
Notes
⑴ Qingming: one of the twenty-four solar terms, around April 5th in the Gregorian calendar. According to old customs, there are activities such as tomb sweeping, outing, and willow planting on that day. The palace regards that day as the Swing Festival. Swings are installed in Kunning Palace and various harems, and the concubines perform swing performances.
⑵One after another: There are many descriptions.
⑶The soul is about to be broken off: It describes the deep sadness, as if the soul is about to be separated from the body. Broken soul: looking miserable and depressed. These two sentences mean that during the Qingming Festival, it rains continuously and continuously; with such weather and such a festival, pedestrians on the road are depressed and confused.
⑷Excuse me: Excuse me.
⑸Xinghua Village: A village deep in the apricot flowers. Today I am outside the gate of Xiushan, Guichi, Anhui Province. Influenced by this poem, later generations often used "Xinghua Village" as the name of the hotel.
Vernacular translation
It rains heavily on the Qingming Festival, and people traveling far away on the road feel confused and desolate as if their souls have been cut off. I asked the shepherd boy where there was a restaurant, and he pointed to Xinghua Village in the distance.
Creative background
This poem was first seen in the "Splendid Valley of Ten Thousand Flowers" in the early Southern Song Dynasty and was noted as a Tang poem. He is famous for Xie Fangde's "Poems of a Thousand Families" and "Royal Selection of Tang Poems" by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. "Jiangnan Tongzhi" records: When Du Mu was the governor of Chizhou, he went to Xinghua Village to drink. Xinghua Village refers to this in the poem. There are Duhu Lake, Southeast Lake and other scenic spots nearby.
Appreciation
This day is the Qingming Festival. The poet Du Mu happened to encounter rain while traveling. Although Qingming is a time of bright spring flowers and bright spring flowers, it is also a time when the climate is prone to changes, often causing "bad weather". As far back as the Liang Dynasty, someone recorded that during the Cold Food Festival two days before Qingming, there were often "strong winds and even rain". If it rains on the Qingming Festival, it is also called "Fire Rain". It was such a day that the poet Du Mu encountered.
The poet used the word "one after another" to describe the "fire and rain" that day, which is really good. "One after another", if it describes snow, it should be heavy snow. The so-called "one after another, there is a heavy snowfall". But when it comes to rain, the situation is exactly the opposite. The kind of "flooding" that makes people feel is not heavy rain, but drizzle. This drizzle is exactly the characteristic of spring rain. The drizzle is the kind of rain that "light rain in the sky is as moist as crisp". It is different from the torrential rain in summer, and it is definitely not the same as the pattering autumn rain. This "rainfall" captures the spirit of "throwing fire and rain" during the Qingming Festival, and conveys the melancholy and beautiful realm of "being cold and bullying the flowers, trapping the smoke in the willows".
This "profusion" here is undoubtedly describing the artistic conception of the spring rain; but it is more than that, it also has a special function, that is, it actually describes It reflects the mood of the traveler in the rain.
The following sentence: "Pedestrians on the road want to die." "Pedestrian" refers to people who are traveling abroad. "Pedestrian" does not mean "tourist", not those who go out for a spring outing. "Soul" is not the soul of "Three Souls and Seven Souls". In poetry, "soul" mostly refers to spiritual and emotional matters. "Broken soul" is a way to describe a very strong but deep emotion that is not clearly expressed on the outside, such as love and longing, melancholy and frustration, secret sadness and deep hatred, etc. When poets have such emotions, they often like to use the word "broken soul" to express his state of mind.
The ancients felt that the Qingming Festival was not exactly the same as today’s concept of it. At that time, Qingming Festival was a big festival with rich colors and sentiments. It was supposed to be a time for family reunions, sightseeing, or visiting graves. It was the main etiquette and custom. Except for those princes, princes, and grandsons who are fond of women and wine, there are some intelligent people, especially poets with rich emotions, who have quite complicated feelings in their hearts. If he was traveling alone again and was saddened by the scene, it would be more likely to arouse his thoughts. It happened to catch up with the drizzle again, and the spring clothes were soaked, which added another layer of melancholy to the pedestrians. Only by understanding it in this way can we understand why the poet wrote the word "soul-dead" at this moment; otherwise, if it rained a little, it would be worth "soul-dead", which would be totally meaningless.
Back to the word "one after another". Originally, people traveling during the festival already have a lot of things on their minds. In addition, walking in the rain and wind, and walking in the rain, makes the mood even more miserable and confusing. So, one after another describes spring rain, but it also describes emotions; it might even be said that describing spring rain is to describe emotions. This is a unique art in Chinese classical poetry that combines emotions with scenery and blends scenes, a kind of scenic spot.
The first two sentences describe the situation and the problem occurred. A solution must be found. Pedestrians at this moment couldn't help but think: Where can I find a small hotel?
The thing is very clear: find a small hotel, first to rest and take shelter from the rain; secondly, to have three drinks to relieve the spring cold in the cold weather and to warm the clothes soaked by the rain; most importantly, to take this opportunity It can also dispel the sadness in your heart. So, I asked people for directions.
The poet did not say who he was asking for directions in the third sentence. The most wonderful thing is the fourth sentence: "The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village in the distance." Grammatically speaking, "shepherd boy" is the subject of this sentence, but it is actually the predicate of "borrowing question" in the previous sentence - it completes both the question and answer of the previous sentence. It is unclear whether the shepherd boy answered, but the answer with "action" was more vivid and powerful than the answer. For example, in the play "Little Cowherd", when someone asked the shepherd boy for directions, he pointed his hand and said, "Look at my hand!" It was a combination of words and actions - that is, "music" "With "picture", both allow the viewer to enjoy beauty at the same time; now the poet's technique is simpler and more advanced: he only gives the "picture" to the readers, and omits the "music".
"Yao" literally means far. But we must not stick to the literal meaning and think that Xinghua Village must be very far away from here. With this finger, the reader seems to see a wine curtain emerging from the faint red apricot tips - "Jiuwangzi". If the distance is really far away, it will be difficult to have an artistic connection; if it is really right in front of you, the implicit and endless interest will be lost: the beauty lies in the balance between not far and not close. In "Dream of Red Mansions", there is a scene in the Grand View Garden titled "Apricot curtain is in sight". The "looking in" look is derived from the experience here, which is a footnote to Du Lang's sentence. The shepherd boy in "Little Cowherd" also said, "I point to the high slope in front of me, and there are several families. There is a big sign hanging on the willow tree." Then he called the female guest, "You want "You can have good wine in Xinghua Village" is also derived from here. "Xinghua Village" is not necessarily the name of the real village, nor does it necessarily refer to the restaurant. It is enough to point to this beautiful village deep in the apricot blossoms. It goes without saying that there is a small hotel there waiting to receive guests traveling in the rain.
Not only that. In real life, asking for directions is just a means. The goal is to actually go to the hotel and get drunk. This is not necessarily the case in the poem. It just stops at "pointing to Xinghua Village in the distance" without spending another sentence. The rest is about how the pedestrians were happy after hearing the news, how they hurried forward with more energy, how they found the hotel excitedly, and how happily they obtained the satisfaction and pleasure of sheltering from the rain and relieving their sorrows. The poet can "don't care". He leaves these things out of the text and leaves them to the reader's imagination for them to seek and understand on their own. He only introduces readers to a poetic realm, and is not responsible for guiding the panoramic view; on the other hand, he opens up a much broader room for imagination for readers than the words and sentences of the poem indicate. This is the "more than enough" of art.
This is the ultimate mutual enjoyment of poets and readers. This is art. This is what Chinese classical poetry is particularly good at. The ancients once said that a good poem can "describe a scene that is difficult to describe, as it is now; the inexhaustible meaning lies beyond the words." Take this "Qingming" quatrain as an example. In a certain sense, it is well-deserved.
This little poem contains not a single difficult word, nor a single allusion. The whole poem is written in very popular language, and is written with great ease, without any trace of artificiality. The syllables are very harmonious and perfect, the scene is very fresh and vivid, and the realm is beautiful and interesting. It is also natural for poems to be told from chapter to chapter, and they are written sequentially. The first sentence describes the situation, environment, and atmosphere, which is "qi"; the second sentence is "carrying", describing the character, showing the character's confused and confused state of mind; the third sentence is "turning", but it also puts forward the idea How to get rid of this state of mind; and this directly forced the fourth sentence, which became the highlight of the whole article-"he". In art, this is a technique of starting from low to high, gradually rising, and putting the climax at the end. The so-called climax is not a sweeping view, and the excitement is exhausted, but the aftertaste is vague and intriguing. These are the poet's brilliance, which are worthy of learning and inheritance by future generations.
Appreciation and Interpretation of Qingming Ancient Poems
In daily study, work or life, everyone must come into contact with some familiar ancient poems. Ancient poetry is a genre of ancient Chinese poetry, also known as Ancient style poetry or ancient style. So what kind of ancient poetry is more infectious? The following is an appreciation of ten ancient Qingming poems that I have carefully compiled. You are welcome to read them. I hope you will like them.
1. "Qingming"
It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to die.
Ask where the restaurant is, the shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village.
2. Notes
① Qingming - my country’s traditional tomb-sweeping festival, falls around April 5th in the Gregorian calendar.
② Desire to break up the soul - describes extremely deep sorrow, as if the soul is about to be separated from the body.
③Department of loan——Excuse me.
3. Appreciation
During the Qingming Festival, the poet could not go home to visit his grave, but he was alone on the road in a foreign land. With a gloomy face, the drizzle fell one after another, the eyes were hazy, and the spring shirt was wet. Poet, my soul is almost broken! Find a hotel to take shelter from the rain, warm yourself up, and relieve your worries, but where is the hotel?
The poet thought about it and asked the shepherd boy on the roadside.
The little shepherd boy riding on the back of the cow pointed in the distance with his hand - oh, in the village that was full of almond blossoms that day, a hotel was raised up in front of it, attracting pedestrians!
This little poem uses beautiful and vivid language to depict a vivid picture of asking for directions in the rain. The enthusiastic guidance of the little shepherd boy naturally made the poet thank him repeatedly; the guise of the hotel in Xinghua Village evoked a lot of warmth in the poet's heart!
IV. Introduction to the author
Du Mu, courtesy name Muzhi, also known as Fanchuan Jushi, Han nationality, was born in Jingzhao ten thousand years ago and was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu was called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Together with Li Shangyin, he is called "Little Li Du". Because he lived in the Fanchuan Villa in South Chang'an in his later years, he was called "Du Fanchuan" by later generations and wrote "Collected Works of Fanchuan".
5.
1. "Cold Food on the Tomb" by Yang Wanli
Where did Jian Zhifu go to the tomb for cold food? Can bridges in danger be exempted from assistance?
The maples in the distant mountains are pale, and the wheat in the dilapidated house is lonely beside it.
The spring breeze returns to Sucao, and there is nothing new in the last year.
Pear blossoms eat cold food, and they only worry about the rest during the festival.
Translation
The path is really long and narrow! Don't you need to lean on the high bridge? The maple leaves on the distant mountains are hazy and pale, and the hut next to the wheat field looks very lonely. The weeds grew again overnight with the wind, and the path disappeared after just one year. The pear blossoms will grow after the Qingming Festival. I miss you very much during this season.
2. "Qingming" by Wang Yuqiao
Spending Qingming without flowers and wine, the mood is as dull as a wild monk.
Yesterday the neighbor was begging for a new fire, and Xiao Chuang was given a reading lamp.
Translation
I spent this Qingming Festival with no flowers to see and no wine to drink. Such a lonely and miserable life is like a monk in a deserted mountain temple. Everything seems very indifferent to me. Yesterday I got a new fire from my neighbor. Early in the morning of Qingming Festival, I lit a lamp in front of the window and sat down to read.
3. "A Walk in the Suburbs" by Cheng Hao
The grass and green fields are roaming freely, spring comes into the distant mountains and green surroundings; the flowers are flowing through the willow alleys, and the flowing water is sitting on the moss. Ji;
Don't be tempted to drink a cup of wine, just for fear that the wind will turn the flowers red;
The weather is fine during the Qingming Festival, so you might as well travel without forgetting to return home.
Translation
I enjoyed playing in the fields full of fragrant grass and flowers. I saw that the spring scenery had reached the distant mountains and the surroundings were green. Take advantage of your enthusiasm to chase the red petals flying in the wind, walk through the alleys with swaying willow silk; when you feel sleepy, sit on the moss-covered stones by the stream and rest in front of the flowing water. Don't refuse this glass of wine and live up to your very sincere invitation to drink. I'm just afraid that the wind will blow the flowers and scatter them one by one. Moreover, today is the Qingming Festival, and the weather is sunny and good, which is perfect for fun, but it is not fun to forget to return.
4. "Send off Chen Xiucai and visit his grave on the sand" Gao Qi
My clothes are full of blood, tears and dust. It is sad to return home after the chaos.
After the wind and rain, the pear blossoms and the cold food have passed, how many graves have descendants?
Translation
My clothes were all stained with blood, tears and dust. Even though the war is over now, I still feel sad when I return to my hometown. In the wind and rain, all the pear blossoms have fallen, and the Cold Food Festival has passed. During the Qingming tomb sweeping, descendants of several families will still come to pay homage to their graves.
5. "Qingjiang Yin Qingming Day Tour" Wang Pan
Ask where is the best place in the West Building that is non-smoking? Luye Qingtian said.
Horses neigh through willows, people lean on swings and laugh,
Teacher Tan Yinghua falls drunk in spring.
However, I don’t know where the best view is from the railing. A friend told me that at the end of the green wilderness under a clear sky is a wonderful tourist destination. Passing through the lush willow bushes, tightening the reins of the horse, the horse neighed, looking up, the beauty was leaning on the swing, looking back and smiling, accompanied by the singing oriole, beautiful flowers, the bright and bright spring light seemed to be intoxicating. .
6. "Cold Food on the Way" Song Zhiwen
There will be cold food soon, and it is late spring on the way.
Poor Jiangpuwang, there are no Luoqiao people.
The North Pole is the master of Ming Dynasty, and the South Pole is the minister of exile.
The broken heart of my hometown is new day and night.
Translation
I spent the Cold Food Festival in late spring on my horse. Unfortunately, looking from the dock on the riverside, I could not see Li Ren from Baqiao, Luoyang. Although he was dismissed as The minister was exiled to the south, but in his heart he still missed the hometown of the wise king in the north. This heartbreaking place, after experiencing day and night, new willow branches grew again!
7. "Cold Food"
Flowers are flying everywhere in the Spring City, and the east wind of Cold Food keeps the willows from slanting.
At dusk, candles were passed around the Han Palace, and light smoke dispersed into the house of the Five Marquises.
Translation
In late spring, catkins are flying and falling reds are everywhere in Chang'an City. During the Cold Food Festival, the east wind blows the willow branches in the Royal Garden. As night fell, the palace was busy passing candles around, and the smoke from the cooking pots dispersed into the homes of princes and nobles.
8. "Lvmen Jishi" Zhang Ji
Farmers recruited love boats, and the spring grass was green and thousands of fields were planted;
Try to go to Wumen to peek at the county Guo, there is new smoke in several places during the Qingming Festival.
Translation
The exquisite line of this poem is "There is new smoke in several places during the Qingming Festival". Before the Qingming Festival, people eat cold food and people do not use fire. After the Qingming Festival, there should be "new smoke everywhere". Now, due to the war, the peasants have been called to fight, and large areas of land are deserted. Only a few homes are burning new smoke, and it is desolate.
9. "The Qingming Festival on Su Di" by Wu Weixin
The pear blossoms are blowing in the wind during the Qingming Festival, and the wanderers are half out of the city in search of spring.
At dusk, the music and songs are put away, and thousands of willows belong to the wandering orioles.
Translation
On the shores of the West Lake, where the spring scenery is bright and the breeze is gentle, there are many tourists. In the evening, the people outing and enjoying the lake have dispersed, and the music and singing have stopped. However, the West Lake is filled with orioles in thousands of trees, their songs are melodious, and the spring scenery remains the same. The West Lake during the Qingming Festival is described as a paradise on earth, so beautiful.
Qingming Festival. Du Mu
This day is the Qingming Festival. The poet Xiao Du happened to encounter rain while traveling. Although Qingming is a time of bright spring flowers and bright spring flowers, it is also a time when the climate is prone to changes, often causing "bad weather".
As far back as the Liang Dynasty, someone recorded that during the Cold Food Festival two days before Qingming, there were often "strong winds and even rain". If it rains on the Qingming Festival, it is also called "Fire Rain". It was such a day that the poet Du Mu encountered.
The poet used the word "one after another" to describe the "fire and rain" that day, which is really good. How can you see that? "One after another", if it describes snow, it should be heavy snow. The so-called "one after another, there is a heavy snowfall". But when it comes to rain, the situation is exactly the opposite. The kind of "flooding" that makes people feel is not heavy rain, but drizzle. This drizzle is exactly the characteristic of spring rain.
The drizzle is the kind of rain that "moistens the sky with light rain". It is different from the torrential rain in summer, and it is definitely not the same as the pattering autumn rain. . This "rainfall" captures the spirit of "throwing fire and rain" during the Qingming Festival, and conveys the melancholy and beautiful realm of "being cold and bullying the flowers, trapping the smoke in the willows".
This "profusion" here is undoubtedly describing the artistic conception of the spring rain; but it is more than that, it also has a special function, that is, it actually describes The mood of the walker in the rain.
Look at the following sentence: "Pedestrians on the road want to die." "Pedestrian" refers to people who are traveling abroad. "Pedestrian" does not mean "tourist", not those who go out for a spring outing. So what is "broken soul"? Is "soul" the soul of "Three Souls and Seven Souls"? no. In poetry, "soul" mostly refers to spiritual and emotional matters.
"Broken soul" is a way to describe a very strong but deep emotion that is not clearly expressed on the outside, such as love and longing, melancholy and frustration, secret sorrow and deep hatred, etc. When poets have such emotions, they often like to use the word "broken soul" to express his state of mind.
Extended information:
Qingming Festival
Du Mu
It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to die.
May I ask where the restaurant is? The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village in the distance.
Translation
Drizzle falls one after another during the Qingming Festival in the south of the Yangtze River, and all the travelers on the road are in despair.
May I ask the locals where to buy wine to drown their sorrows? The shepherd boy smiled and pointed to Xinghua Mountain Village in the distance.
Creative background
This poem was first seen in the "Splendid Valley of Ten Thousand Flowers" in the early Southern Song Dynasty and was noted as a Tang poem. He is famous for Xie Fangde's "Poems of a Thousand Families" and "Royal Selection of Tang Poems" by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. "Jiangnan Tongzhi" records: When Du Mu was the governor of Chizhou, he once passed Jinling Xinghua Village to drink. Xinghua Village refers to this in the poem.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia - Qingming
"Qingming" ancient poem Du Mu
Qingming is a solar term that represents phenology, and it means clear weather and lush vegetation. As the saying goes: "The Qingming Festival cuts off the snow, and the Grain Rain cuts off the frost." When the Qingming Festival comes, the climate in South China is warm and spring is in full swing. Now I bring you a Tang poem about Du Mu - "Qingming", I hope you like it!
"Qingming"
Author: Du Mu
It rains during Qingming One after another, pedestrians on the road want to die.
May I ask where the restaurant is? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village.
Notes:
① Qingming: the name of the solar term, which falls on April 4 or 5 of each year in the Gregorian calendar. This poem has not been included in "Collection of Poems by Fan Chuan", "Part Collection" and "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". It was first seen in Qianjia Shi compiled by Xie Fangde. Xie Zhen of the Ming Dynasty thought it was written by Du Mu.
②Pedestrians: This refers to people traveling abroad.
③Desire: almost, almost.
④Broken soul: It is a metaphor for the depth of sadness and sorrow, as if the soul is about to be separated from the body.
⑤ Question: Excuse me.
⑥ Restaurant: Hotel.
⑦Xinghua Village: A village deep in the apricot blossoms. Later generations named this place famous for its wine production.
Vernacular translation:
Drizzle falls one after another during the Qingming Festival in the south of the Yangtze River.
Everyone traveling on the road is in despair.
May I ask the locals where to buy wine to drown their sorrows?
The shepherd boy smiled but pointed to Xinghua Mountain Village in the distance.
About the author:
Du Mu, courtesy name Muzhi, also known as Fanchuan Jushi, Han nationality, was born in Jingzhao Wannian.
Du Mu was an outstanding poet and essayist in the Tang Dynasty. He was the grandson of Prime Minister Du You and the son of Du Congyu. In the second year of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was awarded Jinshi at the age of 26 and was awarded the title of School Secretary of Hongwen Hall. Later, he went to Jiangxi to observe the envoys, transferred to Huainan Jiedu, and then joined the observation envoys. He was in charge of the compilation of the National History Museum, served as a member of the Ministry of Food, Bibu, Si Xunyuanwailang, and the governor of Huangzhou, Chizhou, and Muzhou, and finally became an official. The person in the middle study room. Because he lived in the Fanchuan Villa in South Chang'an in his later years, he was called "Du Fanchuan" by later generations and wrote "Collected Works of Fanchuan". Du Mu's poems are famous for their seven-character quatrains, and their content is mainly about chanting history and expressing feelings. His poems are handsome and full of historical things, and he achieved great success in the late Tang Dynasty. Du Mu was called "Little Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu, "Big Du". Together with Li Shangyin, he is called "Little Li Du".
Background of the work:
This day is the Qingming Festival. The poet Du Mu happened to encounter rain while traveling. Although Qingming is a time of bright spring flowers and bright spring flowers, it is also a time when the climate is prone to changes, often causing "bad weather". As far back as the Liang Dynasty, someone recorded that during the Cold Food Festival two days before Qingming, there were often "strong winds and even rain". If it rains on the Qingming Festival, it is also called "Fire Rain". It was such a day that the poet Du Mu encountered.
Main content of the work:
This poem describes the weather characteristics during the Qingming Festival and expresses the emotions and hopes of a person traveling alone.
Appreciation:
The Qingming festival can easily arouse the longing for home for those who are away from home, but the continuous spring rain adds to the sorrow and hardship of the journey. Such a complex thought, but the poet used a very popular language to make a good summary. Next, I asked where the restaurant was, not only because I wanted to rest and relieve my fatigue, but also because I wanted to drink away my sorrows. The whole story ends with the shepherd boy showing the way, which brings comfort and hope to the travelers. It is implicit and has an endless aftertaste. This poem's description of the journey and the expression of the traveler's feelings are very real and natural, the language is popular and fluent, the syllables are harmonious, the scene is fresh and vivid, and it is easy to understand and remember, so it has become a well-known poem.
The background of Du Mu’s writing about Qingming
The poet Du Mu of the late Tang Dynasty was a scribe who was upright and heroic, and dared to discuss major issues and point out the pros and cons. In his early years, he was somewhat underappreciated. Later, when he was appreciated by Prime Minister Li Deyu, he was appointed as the governor of Huang, Chi, Mu and Hu prefectures in sequence. Each term lasted only a short time. He lived to be nearly fifty years old and then died prematurely and unhappily. Next, let’s talk about his Qingming poem. Du Mu's "Qingming" poems and the "Qingming" poems of northern society in the late Tang Dynasty are obviously Du Mu's early works before he became an imperial emissary. The Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty severely damaged the northern economy. The desolate scene of "thousands of miles of barren grass" and "thousands of empty houses" emerged. Until the late Tang Dynasty, there was no recovery for a long time. The phrase "Pedestrians on the road want to die" in Du Mu's poem "Qingming" is not due to the cloudy and rainy weather, but reflects the desolate phenomenon of northern rural areas where people are lacking people to cultivate crops.