2. How to break sentences in classical Chinese Many candidates are afraid of breaking sentences in classical Chinese. So, is there a rule to follow in the sentence breaking in classical Chinese? In fact, sometimes there is a way to break sentences in classical Chinese, and there is a key to grasp. In the teaching of sentence-breaking in classical Chinese, the author consulted a lot of materials and summed up a set of practical sentence-breaking methods through continuous exploration. Please remember the following formula:
Don't be afraid of difficulties in breaking sentences in ancient Chinese, you can only bear it if you think carefully. Don't ask about the length of the paragraph, it is the key to read it carefully. Only when you fully understand the main idea of the content can you break sentences. Read the full text before and after, easy before difficult. Hold fast to "Yue", "Cloud" and "Speech", and dialogue is the easiest to find. The commonly used function words are symbols, which are regular and can be used for reference. Master idioms, but don't break up fixed structures. The meaning of part of speech should be carefully studied, and the grammatical structure is helpful to judge. Duality and repetition are parallel, and rhetoric provides good conditions; The same word is closely related, generally separated in the middle. Look back after the topic is finished and check it carefully as required. Lay a solid foundation for reading textbooks and cultivate a sense of language to read classics; Practice thousands of songs, watch thousands of swords, and often break sentences.
3. Classical Chinese sentence-breaking exercises 100 sentences 1. Read the following paragraph in classical Chinese and answer the following questions.
A title of generals in ancient times is a man of few words, who dares to go to the emperor to taste Wu's military strategy and wants to teach his descendants. Ancient military strategies were difficult to learn. Ancient emperors took a title of generals in ancient times as a matter of course, and it was also beneficial to love Xiongnu. (1) Mark this passage with "/"(broken sentence) (2) Translate this passage.
2. Read the following article and answer the following questions. Emperor Taizong once asked who moved Han Wende in Tian She and said, "You think every court in Wei Zhi has insulted me, so I often stand back in the court without being complacent?" I said in surprise, "What is a queen?" So Kevin·Z had to say that I was lucky and prepared some rabbits. I dare not congratulate them. Liu Tangjiahua (1) marked this passage with "/".
(2) Translate this passage. 3. Walking in the mountains, Zhuangzi saw a big tree with lush foliage, and the woodcutter stopped beside it and didn't take it away. He also asked the old saying, no. Zhuangzi said, wood without material will die. The upright son cooked by the master outside the old man's mountain house likes to kill geese. Please say that one of them can sing and ask Xi to kill the master who can't sing. Tomorrow disciple asked Zhuangzi to say that yesterday's trees in the mountains, without materials, will die. Where will master's goose die today? Zhuang zi smiled and said that Zhou would be there.
(2) Translate this passage. 4. Ask Qi Huangyang and Wan, who can't do anything about it, ask Yue Jiehu Ke Pinggong to ask Xie Zi for revenge, Yue Jun to ask if he can ask me for revenge, and Gong Ping said to make good use of it. He asked Qi Huangyang again, saying that there is no commandant in his country. Who can do it? Ye asked Yue Jun if he could ask my minister's son, and asked him if it was good. Confucius also said that he was good at using Qihuang sheep.
Wei, an official of the imperial court) (1) marked this passage with "/". (2) Translate this passage.
5. In the past, Mu Gong wanted a scholar from the west, Yu Rongdong wanted a hundred to pick up Uncle Wan of the Song Dynasty, and a leopard and a grandson to support Jin. None of the five sons were born in the country shared by Qin and Mu, and then they took over the laws of Rong Xiaogong and Shang Yang to change customs. Yin used the rich and powerful people to enjoy the vassal's personal service and gained the land of Chu and Wei thousands of miles away. So far, Hui Wang has used Zhang Yi's plan of pulling the land of Sanchuan to the west and taking the land of Bashu to the south (Li Si's admonition and expulsion letter) (1) to mark this passage with "/"(broken sentence).
/Channel_ 13/SoftShow。 Asp？ SoftID=83452 1 click this link. If not, copy and paste it into the address bar.
4. "Although there are delicacies" is broken in classical Chinese: Although there are delicacies, Fu did not know its purpose; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness.
It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. ~ ~ Although there are delicacies at home, the original text: Although there are delicacies, Fu did not know its purpose; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness.
It is to learn and then know the deficiency, and to teach and then know the difficulty. If you don't know enough, you can be self-defeating, and if you know difficulties, you can be self-reliant.
So teaching and learning are also beneficial. "Duiming" said: "Learning is half done".
That's what it means! Ancient teachers have schools, the party has difficulties, the art is orderly, and state-owned learning. Admission the following year, middle-aged exam.
Different from the classic year; Three-year-old professional music group; Five years teaching experience; Seven years of study and making friends is a small achievement. I have known the class very well for nine years and stood firm and did not object. This is a great achievement.
Husband is enough to change the customs, and those who are near will persuade him, and those who are far away will be pregnant. This is also the way of university. Ji said: "moths can learn from it."
That's what it means! At the beginning of university teaching, Pige offered sacrifices to vegetables to show his respect for Taoism. The third edition of Elegant Night is the official beginning.
Sun also enrolled in school. Two things in early summer, accept their prestige.
If you don't look at your studies, you swim in ambition. Don't look at the time, but leave your heart in the words.
The young people listened and asked, but they couldn't wait to learn. These seven things are related to teaching.
"Ji" said: "Where to learn, officials should do things first, and scholars should be ambitious first". That's what it means! Teaching in a university also means having a proper career when teaching and a place to live when retiring.
If you don't learn to hold the string, you can't set the string; If you don't learn bo yi, you can't learn poetry; You won't be polite unless you learn miscellaneous clothes. If you don't like your art, you can't enjoy learning.
Therefore, a gentleman is learning, hiding and practicing, and traveling at rest. My husband is born, so I learn from him and kiss his teacher, and I enjoy my friend very much and believe in his way, so although I leave my teacher, I have no objection.
"Saving Life" said that "respecting Sun Wuzhimin, practice is coming", that's what it means! Nowadays, teachers are moaning that their minds are full of information and words, and then regardless of their own safety, people can't help but be sincere and teach people not to do their best and try their best to pray for Buddha. But if you are a husband, you will hide your study and attack your teacher, and you will suffer from it without knowing its benefits.
Although it is the end of the matter, it must go quickly and teach it without punishment. University law: it is forbidden to say underdevelopment; When it can be called; Don't care, call Sun; Looking at each other is good, called friction. These four things are also well taught.
If it is sent and then banned, it will be overwhelming; If you study outside your time, you will work hard and it will be difficult to achieve anything; Miscellaneous giving without grandchildren, bad and chaotic without repair; Studying alone without friends is ignorant; Yan Peng rebelled against his teacher, and Yan Bi abandoned school. These six people are worried about imitating wet splash, and everything they teach is abandoned.
The main idea of the original text is: if you don't try things in the world, you will never understand, you will never understand; Even if you have the best learning method, it will be in vain if you don't try. Only by self-improvement in learning and teaching can we achieve the greatest growth, and only by resolute practice and efforts can we achieve the greatest progress.
5. The classical Chinese "Wang Youjun lied to sleep" is broken, and Wang Youjun lied to sleep.
When Wang Youjun was ten years younger, the general liked it very much and slept in his tent. The general tastes first, but the right army has not yet started. After a while, money and people talk about things. Forget the right army in the account, and then speak out against the plot. You Junjue listened to his words and knew that there was no living truth, but Yang spit dirty bedding on his head and face and couldn't sleep. Only by saying that you can get twice the result with half the effort did you remember that the right army had not yet started. Xiang was shocked and said, "It must be removed!" When I opened my account, I found myself spitting, and the letter actually fell asleep, so I got it all. People at that time called him a wise man.
Wang Youjun's Sleeping Curse comes from Shi Shuo Xin Yu Lie Yu, which tells the story of Wang Youjun protecting himself in the face of crisis. And guide future generations to be resourceful and make full use of their wisdom to save themselves when they are in danger.
translate
When Wang Youjun was less than ten years old, General (Wang Dun) liked him very much and often let him sleep in his own account. Once the general was the first to come out of the tent, but the right army was not up yet. After a while, Qian Feng came, and the two refused to discuss things with others, forgetting that the right army was still under the account, and talking about the details of the conspiracy. When Wang Youjun woke up and heard what they were plotting, he knew that he must have no reason to live, so he dug out the water with his fingers, stained his face, pillow and quilt, and pretended that he was still sleeping. Halfway through the discussion, Wang Dun realized that Wang Youjun had not got up yet. Both of them were shocked and said, "I have to kill him." When they opened the curtains and saw saliva everywhere, they believed that he was still sleeping, so the life of the right army was saved. At that time, people praised Wang Youjun for his cleverness and wit.
Notes on some words
Less: insufficient, not satisfied. ; Minus ten years: less than ten years old.
Very: very; Very.
H: often.
Taste: Once.
A moment: Right away.
Qian Feng: Wang Dun joined the army, helped Wang Dun to rebel from Jin, and was later punished.
Screen: Turn on "Stop" and let your people retreat.
Sleep: wake up.
But ...
Deception: Pretending.
Which one: the same "cooked".
Phase: * * together.
And: wait until.
From: pass the "vertical".
Its: the pronoun of the third person refers to him.
Reality: Indeed.
General: Wang Dun.
Qian Feng: A person's name, the word Shiyi.
Yang: Dig.
6. Methods and examples of punctuation and punctuation in classical Chinese. Classical Chinese is traditionally called "reading sentences".
Distinguishing between sentences and reading is the most basic ability to read ancient Chinese. The basis of sentence breaking lies in the understanding of the whole article.
Therefore, we should read the sentences several times before breaking them, have a general understanding of the full text, break the ones that can be broken first, gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing the relationship between difficult sentences and context. When breaking sentences, we should also pay attention to genre, language style and the integrity of sentence meaning.
The use of punctuation marks should conform to the norms, which is the same as the use of punctuation marks in modern Chinese. Strengthening reading and enhancing language sense is of great help to sentence breaking.
In addition, sentence breaking can follow the following rules: (1), finding nouns (pronouns) and reading sentences. Like modern Chinese, nouns (pronouns) in classical Chinese are often used as the subject and object of sentences. Therefore, finding out the nouns or pronouns that appear repeatedly in the text can basically break sentences.
(2) Look at the function words and read the sentences. The ancients wrote articles without punctuation marks.
They clearly distinguish between sentences and reading, and function words become an important symbol. Especially before and after modal particles and some conjunctions are often the places where sentences are broken.
Such as: fu, beggar, fan, thief, Qing, respect, honorific adverbs are often used at the beginning of sentences; The modal particles Ye, Yi, Yi, Yan and Zai are often used at the end of sentences. Conjunctions such as "to", "to", "to" and "to" are often used in sentences. According to this feature, finding out function words is helpful for sentence reading.
(3) Find out the truth and read the sentences. Ding is really a common form in classical Chinese.
The sentence is continuous, and the word that is the object in the previous sentence is the subject in the latter sentence. For example, "fear is thinking, and thinking is illusory."
According to this feature, we can also determine the reading of sentences. (4) Read the sentences according to the arrangement.
Parallelism, duality and symmetry are the most common rhetorical methods in classical Chinese. Regular sentence patterns, more than four or six sentences, is another major feature of classical Chinese.
This feature provides convenience for sentence breaking. (5) Read sentence by sentence according to the total score.
In classical Chinese, there are often forms of total score and sub-total, and sentences can also be broken accordingly. (6) Dialogue, quotation and sentence reading.
In classical Chinese, "Yue" and "Yun" are often used as signs of dialogue and quotation. When two people talk, they usually write their names in the first question and answer, and then only use "Yue" and omit the subject. When you meet a dialogue, you should judge the questioner and the respondent according to the context, and distinguish between sentences and reading.
(7) Repeatedly examine and read sentences. Repetition, especially interval repetition, is also a common rhetorical method in classical Chinese.
For example, "Zou Ji" satirizes Qi Wang's "Who am I and Xu Gongmei in the north of the city" for many times, which also provides a powerful help for sentence breaking.