In this section, regarding Su Shi's poem "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgic", we will explain a controversial issue, which is who is the feather fan and silk scarf in this poem?
The poem "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" provides us with a majestic and vast scene at the beginning: "The great river east is swept away, and the romantic figures of the ages are gone." The poet faces the great river eastward, and the waves wash away the sand, which triggers his emotions for the historical figures. Indeed, when we talk about the development history of a society and the life course of a person, isn't it just like the rolling water of a river passing by?
At this moment, what comes to the minds of poets is the prosperous years of the Three Kingdoms period. Why?
To the west of the fortress, the human path is Chibi, the Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. It turned out that others told him that this was the ancient battlefield where Chibi was burned.
The next few sentences: Rocks pierced through the sky, stormy waves crashed on the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at one time. The poet stood by the river, facing the rolling Yangtze River, and felt filled with emotions. Countless historical figures pass through my mind like a revolving lantern.
So which historical figure is the most unforgettable for poets? The second sentence of the poem and the first sentence are reminiscent of Gong Jin's time. It turned out that the ones he had the hardest time forgetting were Zhou Yu and Zhou Gongjin. The next few sentences are:
Xiao Qiao is married for the first time, and she looks majestic and heroic. Feather fan and silk scarf, while talking and laughing, the rapist disappeared into ashes. For these sentences, we need to do specific analysis.
First of all, Xiao Qiao got married for the first time. According to historical records, in the third year of Jian'an, Sun Ce of the Eastern Wu Dynasty personally welcomed Zhou Yu, who was only 24 years old at the time, and named him Jianwei Zhonglang General. , and attacked Wancheng with him. At the time of the victory in the Battle of Wancheng, Zhou Yu married Xiao Qiao, the youngest daughter of Duke Qiao. The Battle of Chibi did not occur until ten years later. Therefore, according to historical records, when Su Shi mentioned the Battle of Chibi here, Xiao Qiao first Marrying is obviously inappropriate. That is to say, Su Shi deliberately shortened the time gap between two events that were ten years apart, and deliberately created a situation where Zhou Yu was young and successful, with a majestic appearance, who not only embraced the beauty, but also established the victory in Chibi, thus achieving a win-win situation in love and career. Realm, we undoubtedly say that such a life is the beautiful vision of almost every ambitious man, so it can be said that Su Shi also pinned his beautiful vision on the historical figure Zhou Yu.
Secondly, the four words "Feather Fan and Lunjin", according to the records in "Three Kingdoms Shu Zhi", when Zhuge Liang fought with Sima Yi, it was "Ge Jinmaofan, referring to the three armies under his command", so Su Shi's description of "Feather Fan and Lunjin" , makes us easily think of the character Zhuge Liang. Therefore, some scholars interpret this sentence as indeed writing about Zhuge Liang, and believe that Su Shi also described the two heroes of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, in this poem.
However, after reading this poem carefully, we still insist that the hero of the Three Kingdoms described in this poem is Zhou Yu. So the question arises. We say that the feather fan scarf is obviously the dress of a Confucian scholar. How can it be the brave and good warrior Zhou Yu? There are two reasons:
1. The feather fan and silk scarf were actually a common dress worn by Confucian generals during the Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties period, so Su Shi’s use of it to describe Zhou Yu has a certain historical basis.
2. Su Shi described Zhou Yu in the Battle of Red Cliff in this attire instead of as a general in iron armor and silver helmet, which is a manifestation of subjective creation. That is to say, what Su Shi portrays here is the Zhou Yu in his mind, rather than the Zhou Yu who actually existed in history. Although there is a gap between this image of Zhou Yu and history, it is closer to Su Shi's ideal, because Su Shi was such a Confucian scholar who wanted to make contributions.
3. In the midst of chatting and laughing, the sentence "The guns and oars were wiped out into ashes", then regarding the Battle of Chibi, there is such a record in Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms": "We took dozens of Mengchong battleships, and actually Fill it with firewood and anointing oil, wrap it with a curtain, and build a tooth flag on it. In order to deceive Cao Gong, he is ready to go. Return." This is the historical record of the burning of Red Cliff in the History of the Three Kingdoms.
So in the long historical romance novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the burning of Red Cliff is called the Chibi Battle. What does fierce fighting mean? A fierce battle means a fierce battle. It shows that the battle against the epidemic that burned Chibi was very fierce. This is what is written in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, saying that Huang Gai is the Huang Gai mentioned in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms": "Huang Gai made a move with his sword, and the ships in front were set on fire. The fire took advantage of the power of the wind, and the wind assisted the fire, and the ships fired like arrows. , smoke and flames rose into the sky. Twenty fire boats crashed into the water village, and all the boats in Cao's village were blocked. There was no escape from the cannons across the river, and all the fire boats were seen in Sanjiang. On the face, fire flew in the wind, spreading across the river, covering the sky and the earth... But it is said that the whole river was filled with fire, and the shouts shook the earth..."
There is a poem from later generations that says: "The duel between Wei and Wu. Male and female, the buildings and ships in Chibi were swept away. The fire first illuminated the sea of ??clouds, and Zhou Lang defeated Cao Gong. "This is the description of the burning of Red Cliff and the fierce battle in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms as a literary creation. Combining the records in historical books and the vivid descriptions in historical novels, we have clearly felt that the burning of Chibi was a very fierce, even tragic battle.
Because Cao Cao’s soldiers and northern soldiers were not used to riding in boats, they used large iron chains to connect the big boats together. As a result, they were all burned by the opponent’s fire. got up. It can be seen that Zhou Yu's victory was hard-won and came after a hard battle.
But Su Shi said yes in this poem. While talking and laughing, it seemed that winning this war was easy, almost effortless. Obviously, this description is not consistent with the history books we just saw. recorded. So what is the purpose of this description? We say that the reason is the same as before. Su Shi treated it subjectively, which means that what Su Shi writes to us here is still the Battle of Chibi in his own mind, not the real Battle of Chibi in history.
Let’s think about it. While talking and laughing, we eliminated the bandits and achieved eternal achievements. How wise such a person is, and how successful such a life is. Obviously, this is Su Shi's own life ideal.
In short, we say that Su Shi painted us an ideal heroic image of Zhou Yu in this poem. His various subjective and artistic treatments of Zhou Yu are all to place his own life ideals on this character. Zhou Yu is Su Shi's heroic dream.
The poem "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" was written in the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou Tuanlian Deputy Envoy because of the Wutai Poetry Case. Su Shi was already forty-five years old at that time. Guo Buhuo is such an age. At this time, Su Shi was middle-aged. Not only was he unable to establish a career and realize his ideals in life, but he was relegated and idle as a guilty person.
Thinking about Zhou Yu who achieved the great victory in Red Cliff in his thirties, Su Shi became more and more admiring of Zhou Yu, a young hero, and became more and more free from the decadence and frustration in his own life. In the last few sentences of the poem, he returned to reality from his wandering mind about historical review, and said: "Wandering about my motherland in my mind, I should laugh at my sentimentality, and I will be born early." That is to say, such a heroic dream of wandering around the motherland can only provoke others. Ridiculing, because in front of him his temples were already gray, so he couldn't help but sigh that life is like a dream. Only the act of returning a bottle of wine to the moon is a way to pay tribute to the hero and convey his complicated and unspeakable mood.
Su Shi's poem "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia" expresses his own feelings and is full of passion and heroism. He uses poems as lyrics, treating them as lyrical literature like poetry, not just entertainment words during banquets. Su Shi's poems of this kind enhance the lyricism and quality of the words.
Just like the Southern Song Dynasty scholar Wang Zhuo. As he said in his notebook "Biji Manzhi": "Mr. Dongpo is not a person who is obsessed with music. He occasionally writes songs and points out the way up, which will bring new eyes and ears to the world. Only then will the author know how to revive himself." Wang Zhuo's life In this era, there is a new trend in the evaluation of Ci, which is to evaluate the creation of Ci based on the traditional Confucian poetic theory.
From this standpoint, Wang Zhuo pointed out that the creation of Su Shi's lyrics did not focus solely on the melody aspect, but rather injecting a new spiritual temperament into the creation of lyrics. It pointed out the so-called rising and falling, new eyes and ears in the world, which made the author feel inspired. In other words, after Su Shi's heroic poems, people realized that the original poems were not only written before banquets and between flowers and under the moon, but could also be used to express such heroic feelings.
Because of this Su poem, the word "Nian Nujiao" has since had two nicknames: "Moon over the River" and "Going to the East of the River". From this we can also see that, Su Shi's poem has a great influence. So earlier, we went from Su Shi's bold style of poetry to Su Shi's relatively large use of word titles and word order in word creation, as well as the reading of several important nodes in this Chibi nostalgic poem. I think we have a better understanding of Su Shi's bold style of poetry We should have a clearer understanding of Feng and Su Shi's bold poem, which is also one of the learning purposes of our lesson.