original text
Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain [Tang] Li Bai's poem "Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain"
The birds flew without a trace, leaving the lonely clouds free and unfettered. You look at me, I look at you, and there are only my eyes and Jingting Mountain's eyes.
Annotation of works
(1) Jingting Mountain: In the north of Xuancheng County, Anhui Province. "Yuanhe County Records" records: "It is ten miles north of Xuancheng County. There are Song Wanting and Tiger Peeping Springs in the mountains. " "Jiangnan Tongzhi" Volume 16 Ningguo Mansion: "Jingting Mountain is ten miles north of the mansion. Fu Zhiyun: It is said in ancient times that there are picturesque scenery in the east, ten thousand buildings in the east, cities in the south and sails in the tobacco market. " (2) Exhausted: no longer. (3) Lonely Cloud: Tao Yuanming's poem "On the Poor" has a sentence "Lonely Cloud and Solitude". Zhu Jian's note: "I sit alone, birds fly away, and some people are ruthless and don't date each other." The unique mountain of Jingting looks like this, but it doesn't hate each other. " (4) Go for leisure alone: Go alone, go alone. Idle, describe the clouds floating around, carefree appearance. Lonely clouds are floating around. (5) disgust: satisfaction. [ 1][2]
Translation of works
Birds fly without a trace, and lonely clouds floating in the sky don't want to stay and drift away slowly. Only I looked at the high Jingting Mountain, and Jingting Mountain looked at me silently. None of us will be satisfied. Who can understand my lonely mood at this time, only this tall Jingting Mountain. [ 1]
Creation background
Jingting Mountain, located in Xuanzhou (now Xuancheng, Anhui), is a famous county in the south of the Yangtze River since the Six Dynasties. Great poets such as Xie Lingyun and Xie Tiao once served as satrap here. Li Bai visited Xuancheng seven times in his life. This five-line poem was written in 753 (the twelfth year of Tianbao) during an autumn tour of Xuanzhou. It is written when Li Bai left Chang 'an and came to Xuancheng after ten years of wandering. The long-term wandering life made Li Bai taste the bitterness of the world and see through the coldness of the world, thus deepening his dissatisfaction with reality and increasing his sense of loneliness. However, his arrogance and stubbornness remain the same as before. During this period, he wrote a lot of poems to relieve his depression by wandering around immortals and drinking, and also wrote a lot of poems to express his feelings and feelings. [2]
works appreciation
The first two sentences, "Birds fly high, and the lonely clouds go to leisure alone", seem to write the scene in front of them, but in fact they write all the sad feelings: several birds fly high in the sky until they disappear without a trace; There is still a white cloud in the vast sky, but I don't want to stay and drift away slowly, as if everything in the world is rejecting poets. The words "exhausted" and "doing nothing" lead readers to a realm of "peace": it seems that after eliminating the noise of a mountain bird, it feels particularly peaceful; After the thick rolling clouds disappeared, I felt particularly quiet. So these two sentences are written as "dynamic" to see "static", and "static" is defined by "dynamic". This "quietness" reflects the loneliness and loneliness of the poet's mind. This vivid writing can give readers association, and imply that the poet has been visiting Jingting Mountain for a long time, outlining his image of "sitting alone" and paving the way for the next couplet "never tired of looking at each other". The images of these two sentences are juxtaposed in the form of "the stars arch the moon". The central word "bird" in the previous sentence is the central image, and the word "fly" is added to form a compound image, which strengthens the dynamic expression meaning. Birds can remind readers of the quiet and peaceful scene in the mountains. Birds are singing euphemistically in the empty mountains, which makes them interesting. At present, birds fly high and get farther and farther away from people. The word "Gao" has played a role in expanding space. Looking up, in the empty blue sky, birds are flying away until they are out of sight. The word "gold" enhances the expressive force of this sentence and shows Li Bai's melancholy at this time. The last sentence "cloud" is the central word, which is compounded with "go", and the silent cloud is drifting away. And clouds are not all over the sky, just "solitary clouds" without companions, just drifting away leisurely and slowly. The poet used "leisure" to write the state of the solitary cloud, highlighting the process of leaving, so that readers can feel the poet's inner pain and helplessness when they taste the state of the solitary cloud leaving. The words "exhausted" and "doing nothing" lead readers to a realm of "peace": it seems that after eliminating the noise of a mountain bird, it feels particularly peaceful; I feel very quiet after the thin clouds disperse. They all seem to be spiritual, unwilling to associate with poets, leaving only a vast space, where poets are more lonely and small. In fact, there are countless birds in the mountains, and clouds will not float into the sky. In the poem, all the birds and lonely clouds leave the poet, which is the result of the poet's emotional projection and the boundless space for the poet to express his lonely feelings. This vivid writing can remind readers that Li Bai has been sitting there for some time. He watched the birds and lonely clouds fly away gradually, and all the birds and lonely clouds left Jingting Mountain. Only he is still sitting there enjoying it, sketching his image of "sitting alone" and paving the way for the next couplet "Never tire of looking at each other". Three or four sentences, "Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain", personify Jingting Mountain in a romantic way. Although the bird flew away, the poet didn't go back, and he didn't want to go back. He stared at the quiet and beautiful Jingting Mountain for a long time and felt that Jingting Mountain seemed to be looking at himself affectionately. There is no need to say anything between them, and they have reached emotional communication. "Never tire of looking at each other" expresses the deep feelings between the poet and Jingting Mountain. "Xiang" and "Liang" are synonymous, which closely connects the poet with Jingting Mountain and shows strong feelings. At the same time, Looking at each other also points out that at this moment, only the lonely scene of "mountain" and "me" is as important as the word "two", and the interdependence between mountains and people arises spontaneously. The word "only" in the conclusion is also tempered, which highlights the poet's love for Jingting Mountain. "It's enough to have a bosom friend in life", and the bird flying away is nothing to the poet. The artistic conception created by these two poems is still "quiet". On the surface, it is written that the poet looks at Jingting Mountain with deep affection. In fact, the more poets write about the "sentimentality" of mountains, the more they show people's "ruthlessness"; And his lonely and desolate situation is revealed in this quiet scene. The moving images of "birds" and "lonely clouds" are opposite to the static images of "Jingting Mountain". There is only quantitative change in the dimensions of time and space, but qualitative change in the psychological dimension: literati with ideals and talents who are suppressed by politics are often particularly sensitive to "passing away" and "dissipation", with short personnel and eternal universe. The poet introduced the eternal mountain as his confidant, probably because he had no choice but to do it after Chang 'an was invisible. Even if Chang 'an attracts him, he doesn't know whether he will follow the "birds flying high". In the poet's pen, Jingting Mountain has no beautiful mountains, no beautiful streams and no beautiful bridges. It is not that there is nothing to write about Jingting Mountain, because Jingting Mountain "faces Wanxi in the east and the city in the south, sailing in the vast market with picturesque scenery". From the perspective of poetry, it is impossible to know the position of the poet relative to the mountain, perhaps at the top of the mountain or in the open area, but these are not important. The purpose of writing this poem is not to praise the scenery, nor to express feelings through the scenery, but to express inner helplessness through the quiet scenery here. The poet found solace in the anthropomorphic Jingting Mountain and seemed to feel less lonely. However, it is here that the poet's inner loneliness is more prominent. The deep loneliness in the world and the tragic atmosphere of the poet's life are full of the whole poem. The whole poem seems to be full of scenery, but it has no emotion. But because the scenery is composed of emotion, every sentence is emotion, just like Wang Fuzhi said, "There is a scene in love, and there is love in the scene." Shen Deqian commented in "Tang Poetry": "preach the god of sitting alone." [2]
Li Bai (70 1-762), the word Taibai, claimed to be the same clan as the royal family in Li Tang, and his ancestral home was Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Tianshui, Gansu). When I was a teenager, I lived in Sichuan and studied Taoism. At the age of 25, he traveled to Sichuan and lived in Anlu and Lujun successively. During this period, he went west to Chang' an to seek fame, but he returned frustrated and went east; Later, he was sent to Beijing by imperial edict to worship the Hanlin. Soon after, he went out of Beijing because of slanders and wandered around. Since the Anshi Rebellion, in order to counter the rebellion, he joined the staff of Wang Yong Li Jun; Later, Wang Yong was killed by Tang Suzong and exiled to Yelang because of his involvement. In order to seek forgiveness, he went to Dangtu (now Anhui) county magistrate Li and died soon. He was famous for writing poems, and was greatly appreciated by people at that time, praising his poems as "making ghosts cry". He reflected reality with romantic poems, described mountains and rivers, expressed lofty sentiments and chanted lofty sentiments, and became a great poet who lit up ancient and modern times. [