It is the oldest and most basic literary form in the world. Famous sentences in ancient poetry are widely circulated and are outstanding literary essence.
Ancient poems and famous sentences that can be widely circulated from ancient times to the present are all cultural examples that have been honed, stood the test and accepted by people through the long river of history. The reason why it is enduring is not only because of its concise language and beautiful phonology, but also because it is worth learning from in terms of material selection, writing and skills.
From the content and materials, it can be divided into narrative, scenery description, lyricism, ambition and reason ... from the writing methods and skills, it can be divided into metaphor, emotional expression, exaggeration and realism ... It has its own characteristics and is not the same. In a sense, a poem is an outline of an article.
Therefore, the systematic training of ancient poetry and famous sentences is to contact and accumulate all kinds of writing materials and learn to master all kinds of writing methods and skills. The improvement of students' writing ability can be seen.
First, reading ancient poems and famous sentences, accumulating material articles, lack of nutrition and dryness are common problems of most modern students. The reason is that students lack accumulation.
You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. How can a student write beautiful articles without ink in his stomach? As the quintessence of ancient literature —— Famous ancient poems and sentences. Language has not only experienced many storms, but also has gorgeous rhetoric and rich content, such as writing scenery, taking notes, reasoning and so on.
It is the best material for students' language accumulation. With rich accumulation, there will be something to say and feelings to express.
As the saying goes, accumulation can make you rich. So I take advantage of the position where students collect honey books, and ask students to copy ten famous ancient poems and sentences every day for students to read and recite.
After a period of time, students have accumulated many famous sentences, laying a good foundation for practice. Second, the exchange of poetry and prose has been accumulated by students who practice writing. If they can't express and use it, it is equivalent to a blank sheet of paper, which has no meaning.
How to let students learn to express themselves? First of all, let the students understand the meaning of the famous ancient poems they read. In order to make students better understand the contents of famous ancient poems and sentences, teachers should expand the relevant contents of famous ancient poems and sentences, such as the author, writing background, the poet's mood at that time, allusions about famous ancient poems and sentences and so on. After students deeply understand its meaning, they can carry out multi-angle training.
1, the images in ancient poems and famous sentences are well-defined, but there are few descriptions of images, and there are still many gaps, including images and emotions. This provides rich writing materials for students' practice.
Teachers can use this as an organic supplement to students' compositions and practice writing selectively. When practicing writing, in order to make students understand poetry more deeply, teachers can provide students with rich information about famous sentences.
After students understand the connotation of poetry, let them practice, expand, rewrite and write their thoughts on a poem from various angles, so as to give students the freedom to exert their imagination. To some extent, it solves the problem of what students write.
In addition, it is necessary for students to expand the famous sentences of ancient poetry, which also reduces the difficulty of writing and avoids the phenomenon that students' sentences are not fluent. After long-term training, students will fly their imagination, be full of interest, enter the realm of poetry, feel their feelings and write beautiful articles.
2. Give the students a paragraph and let them sum it up with a famous ancient poem that they have accumulated. The coverage of students' exercises is getting wider and wider. It is difficult to adapt to the practice of other genres if we only stay on the basis of expanding the famous sentences of ancient poems.
To improve students' writing level and Chinese literacy, students should not only accumulate a large number of good words and sentences, but also learn to use them on the basis of understanding. Let the students sum up a period of training with the ancient poems they have learned, so that the students can understand how to use them.
Summarizing a passage from real life is actually telling students that we can use this famous saying under such circumstances. Over time, when students describe a picture, they will naturally think of this ancient poem sentence, avoiding lengthy and tedious narration and making students' exercises clear and concise.
3. The infiltration of methods can lead famous sentences in ancient poetry to be widely circulated, not only because of gorgeous and concise rhetoric and bright ideas, but also because of the author's superb writing methods and skills, which directly affect the charm of ancient poetry and the development direction of China literature. How to teach composition under the new curriculum, how to teach composition for the sake of teaching composition, how to let students "express freely" and how to let students express freely.
Writing methods and skills are indispensable. Every famous sentence in classical ancient poetry has its own unique expression.
A sentence is the unit of an article. It is of positive significance for students to carefully ponder the writing rules and skills of famous ancient poems and sentences and apply them to their own compositions. For example: 1, holding something to express your ambition "Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that other mountains look short under the sky."
This poem comes from "Looking at Yue" written by Du Fu when he was about twenty-five. At that time, he was broad-minded and broad-minded.
Being at the foot of Yuelu Mountain and climbing to the top of Yuelu Mountain, his writing style is even more powerful. Although there is no "peak", the true colors of Mount Tai have fallen into the eye.
It expresses the poet's ambition to climb upward without fear of difficulties, and shows his indomitable character and lofty political ambition. Through learning, students can understand that they can express their aspirations and ambitions under the guise of things, which is very helpful to solve the disadvantages of students' straightforward composition and lack of implicit beauty.
2. Write a landscape: "The red river wins the fire at sunrise, and the riverside is as green as blue." This sentence vividly interprets the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, highlights the bright colors of the river flowers and red and green rivers, and gives people a dazzling impression.
Among them, there are contrasts between the same color and different colors, which fully shows the author's good coloring skills. It can be seen that the article describing the scenery should grasp the characteristics of things, choose appropriately, and grasp the bright colors, which can be compared or contrasted, thus setting off the beauty of the scenery.
3. Lyricism by scenery often tells students that the description of the environment is a portrayal of the state of mind, and the feelings of * * * can be expressed with the help of scenery. But when students operate by themselves, it is the return of feelings and things. And the names of ancient poems.
2. Write a composition with ancient poems. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the sky is deep blue and there are no clouds in Wan Li. The moon is particularly beautiful. It hangs in the sky like a huge white jade plate, and the bright moonlight sprinkles silver light on the earth.
The stars are scattered, only scattered in the horizon. I was walking in Luoyang, and I saw the autumn wind blowing and tall poplars rustling in the wind. Some yellow leaves reluctantly left the tree, swayed a few times in the wind and fell to the ground.
At this time, I couldn't help but feel homesick and went straight to my apartment. Sitting alone in a chair, I am very upset, like sticky silk drawn from a spider's stomach, winding around my heart, making me flustered.
At this moment, it suddenly occurred to me: Why don't I write a letter home to express my homesickness? Immediately light the candle, spread the paper and grind the ink.
But just as I was about to start writing, countless words appeared in my mind, and I didn't know where to start. Thought: I want to express my meaning, I have to write more content.
Then, I picked up a pen and wrote this letter carefully under the red candlelight. I wrote down everything I thought, what I wanted to say and how I wanted to express my feelings ... suddenly I heard a rooster crow, but I haven't finished writing this letter because I have too many facts to write. I have already written this thing, and I remember it again. It seems that I will never finish writing it. It was not until sunrise that I blew out the candlelight and stretched my waist with a pen.
Although it exhausted me, I thought it was worth it, because I told my relatives in my hometown. I hurried to the post office and found a friend who returned to China and asked him to take the letter to my relatives.
When he was leaving, I was worried that I didn't finish what I wanted to say in a hurry. I opened a good letter and read it, then sealed it, gave it to my friend and said goodbye to him. At this time, the sky is particularly clear and white clouds are smiling.
Tall poplars clap their hands in the morning breeze, and several yellow butterflies are flying in the air ... In autumn night, the poet Zhang Ji had nothing to do after dinner and came to his friend's door. He went up and knocked on the door several times, and a very boy poked his head out: "Who are you looking for?" Zhang Ji quickly said, "Excuse me, is your master at home?" "Unfortunately, master went back to his hometown to see relatives yesterday and won't be back until next month.
Please go back. "Say that finish, extremely closed the door, leaving Zhang Ji standing in front of the door.
A chilly autumn wind blew, bringing a chill. Zhang Ji turned around and suddenly heard a child calling, "Mom, look, geese!" " "The poet looked up and saw a flock of geese flying across the sky.
Zhang Ji can't help thinking that he lives in Luoyang and never comes back all the year round. This wild goose will come back next year. When will it go back to its hometown? At this time, there was no one in the street, only the rustling of leaves in the wind.
The afterglow of the sunset fell on him, and the lotus in the pond had long since disappeared. In the past, insects were singing and birds were singing, but now they have disappeared ... After returning home, Zhang Ji suddenly thought that although he could not return to his hometown, he could write letters. However, I don't know where to start when I mention a thousand words.
In the poet's mind, there are always scenes of parting in those days. I hate that I was young and left my mother without looking back, but I don't know when I will see you again ... When I thought of this, the poet felt tears in his eyes, and all his feelings welled up like spring water at one time, and the poet sent all his thoughts in these paragraphs.
Finally, after writing the letter, Zhang Ji carefully read it dozens of times for fear that his homesickness could not be fully expressed. Suddenly I heard the night watchman strike three times, and it was the third night. The poet reluctantly put down the letter, sealed it, and slept together, but he couldn't sleep anymore. How he wishes his family could read this letter soon! In the morning, the poet got up early and waited at the door with a letter.
I don't know when, there was the sound of hooves around the corner. "Come, come!" The poet was very excited.
I saw the boy who delivered the letter jump off his horse and took the letter and said, "Don't worry, I will definitely send it!" " "Say that finish, I was about to get on the horse when I suddenly heard a shout from behind:" Please stay! " He quickly turned around and asked, "What happened to the old man?" "I ... I want to read this letter again." The young man hesitated and handed the letter to the poet.
The poet quickly opened the letter, examined it carefully, sealed it and gave it to the young man. The young man mounted his horse and drove off at a gallop.
The poet stood there with tears in his eyes ... An autumn wind blew away his tears, drop by drop.
3. Write a composition with ancient poems, shepherd boy
At dusk, the sun gently plunged into the arms of the mountains, and suddenly turned into a bright moon like an excellent magician. The bright moonlight, like a gauze, gently covers the quiet fields. Weeds dance gently-in the vast green grass on a moonlit night; Facing the faint moonlight; A little shy, with a hint of joy, dancing. ...
Listen-who played the melodious flute so joyfully and softly? It continued intermittently and echoed on the Yuan Ye with the breeze. Walking in, it turned out that the flute player was a shepherd boy, riding a strong cow and coming home very late. Dressed in hemp fiber and straw hat, he swung his little feet on both sides of the cow's back and happily returned to a thatched cottage by the stream. When I stood in the bushes and stared at the brightly lit window for a long time ... In a short time, the child came out with brisk steps, still wearing a green hemp fiber and a small straw hat, clutching a bamboo flute. Another trot, shuttling through the Woods. I followed him quietly, only to see him come to that field again, find a flat place, stretch and yawn, but he didn't even take off his straw hat, so he lay down and rested with a slender thatch in his mouth. At this time, I was tired, too. I fell asleep not far from him ...
The rooster began to sing and the sun fell asleep.
4. How to write a composition with poetry (there must be a poem, a whole poem, meaning) In autumn night, I will feel the cold at the fence door. I will have a feeling of traveling on land: in autumn night, I will feel the cold at the hedge door (this is the second poem with two poems on the same topic). )
Year: Southern Song Dynasty Author: Lu You Content: Three Wan Li rivers (2) eastward into the sea, five thousand mountains (3) on skyscrapers. The adherents shed tears in Chen Hu (4) and looked south in Julian Waghann (5) for a year.
Note: 1. Dawn: it's dawn. Fence gate: A gate made of bamboo or branches.
2. Three Wan Li River: refers to the Yellow River. "Three Wan Li" describes it as long and meaningless.
3. Five thousand sacred mountains: refers to Huashan Mountain in Xiyue. "Five thousand meters" describes its height.
The ancients took eight feet as a section. 4. Chen Hu: refers to the dust raised by the invaders' iron hooves.
Hu: In ancient times, China was a general term for northern and western nationalities. 5. Julian Waghann: refers to the army of the Song Dynasty.
6. Sea: refers to the Yellow River. 7. Qi: The ancient unit for calculating length, with eight feet as one (seven feet as one).
Yue: It refers to the mountains of Thailand, Heng, Song and Hua in the north. Speaking of Mount Tai in Dongyue and Huashan in Xiyue, skyscrapers meet the sky. 8. adherents: people in the northern enemy-occupied areas.
9. Chen Hu: refers to the dust raised by nomads and soldiers. 10. Julian Waghann: refers to the army of the Song Dynasty.
East of Wan Li, the Yellow River flows into the sea, with 5,000 mu of Huashan soaring into the sky. Under the iron hoof, the adherents want to cry without tears, hoping that the loyalist will regain lost ground for another year.
Thoughts and feelings this poem expresses the author's thoughts and feelings of patriotism and concern for the country and the people. Historical Background During the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Bing occupied the Central Plains.
When the poet wrote this poem, the Central Plains had fallen into the hands of the Jin people for more than 60 years. At this time, the patriotic poet Lu You was exiled to his hometown. In the countryside of Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), he yearned for the great rivers and mountains of the Central Plains, and also missed the people of the Central Plains, hoping that the Song Dynasty could recover the Central Plains as soon as possible and realize reunification.
The author briefly introduces Lu You, word view, ancestral home and Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). His father, Lu Zai, is an official and scholar with great national integrity. After the imperial court crossed the south, he returned to his hometown to write a book.
Lu You received patriotic family education since childhood, and determined to take revenge in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 29-year-old Kao Jinshi, the first. He was removed from the list because he violated the soldier Qin Gui.
When he was a dutiful son, he was born as a scholar and served as a judge in Kuizhou. Promote Changping tea and salt business on Jiangnan West Road, and be familiar with Yanzhou and other local officials. I also worked as an adviser to Wang Yan and Fan Chengda, and later became a doctor in the imperial court instead of a doctor. Dismissed at the age of 65, that is, returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. He died at the age of 86.
Lu You insisted on resisting gold all his life. Although he was hit by capitulationists many times, his patriotism never wavered, and he still remembered the reunification of the country until his death. He was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is diligent in writing, writing poems for 60 years in his life and saving more than 9300 poems.
Poetry has a wide range of themes and rich contents, among which works that show resistance to gold and serve the country best reflect the spirit of that era. The style of the poem is rough and bold, which is similar to that of Li Bai, so it is called "Little Taibai".
Weng Fang, 68, has returned to his hometown in Yin Shan for four years. But the quiet country life can't calm the old man's heart.
Although it is early autumn, the summer heat is still strong, and the hot weather and inner boiling make him unable to sleep. At dawn, he stepped out of the hedge door to cool off and wrote two poems.
I chose one of them here. [Content analysis] The poem begins with a severe weather.
Mountains and rivers were originally motionless, but the use of the words "enter" and "rub" makes people feel that the Yellow River and Huashan are not only majestic, but also full of vitality. But the great rivers and mountains, trapped in the enemy, how can we not let people feel extremely indignant! These two sentences are broad and profound, and the antithesis is neat.
The word "Jin" in "Tears of adherents are all in dust" contains infinite bitterness. Tears have flowed for more than 60 years, how can they not flow? However, even if the eyes are dry and the blood is exhausted, those adherents who care about the motherland still yearn for the south; The dust raised by the Golden Horse team kept them looking forward to Julian Waghann.
With "Chen Hu" as the background, "Tears are exhausted", and the feelings are more and more painful. At the end of the sentence "Look south to Julian Waghann for another year", the word "you" extends the upper limit of time.
The adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty look forward to it year after year, but there is still a long way to go. How do they know that the monarch and subjects of the Southern Song Dynasty have long forgotten them! In fact, the poet expressed his disappointment by writing about the sufferings of northern believers. The whole poem is centered on the word "Wang", which shows the poet's hopes, disappointments and feelings.
This is a tragic voice. Poetry is magnificent, serious, desolate, sorrowful and inspiring.
Wang Fuzhi was a progressive thinker during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and he had a lot of knowledge about the art of poetry. He once used small-scale painting as a metaphor to reveal the profound and broad artistic conception of quatrains and short poems, which is very enlightening. See "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" Volume II: The painter said, "I have the potential of Wan Li at hand."
The word "potential" should be focused. No matter what the situation, Wan Li will be close at hand, and this is the next photo from the previous day.
Five-character quatrains are the first meaning when thinking. Only people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can get what they want, such as: "Where do you live? Near here, next to the fishing pond? .
Let's catch our boat together, and let's see if we belong to the same town .. "The ink and gas are exhausted, and the four tables are infinite, and no words mean everything.
Capturing the scenery of Wan Li in a square foot frame is by no means to scale down the mountains and rivers and list them on paper. Works of art create vivid typical images, which can arouse rich associations. Although there are not many words, the artistic conception is boundless and quite difficult to calculate.
However, Wang Fuzhi thinks that only the quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can be proud of the wonders outside the words, but this is not necessarily the case. He quoted Cui Hao's "Long March", which is full of affection and profound meaning. In fact, it is also one of the poetic scenes, such as "Nothing is said, it is all romantic" in Si Kongtu's "Poems and Words".
The predecessors who talked about the artistic conception of poetry often yearned for this realm. In Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen advocated that "there are several peaks in the sky, and there is a little pen and ink, which means beyond pen and ink" (silkworm tail continued), which is an example.
However, we can also see another kind of clever pen, that is, the dragon jumps over the ruler and swallows Wan Li. As Si Kongtu said, "Full of body", "Strong in quality" and "Everything is there" (Poem Bold) are generally due to long lines or sentences, while Lu You's Autumn Night Will Break Dawn and Out of the Hedge in the Song Dynasty. This poem is still a quatrain, with the potential of Wan Li in hand. Compared with Cui Hao's Long March, it seems to be more worthy of the lofty evaluation of "Mo Xiang's four expressions are infinite".
Lu You was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the face of the drastic changes in the motherland's division, he has long cherished the ambition of serving the country.
5. How to use ancient poetry flexibly to write a composition? In fact, I always divide poems into several words, such as Wen's complaint that "the sky is blue as water and the clouds are as light as night".
It can be written as:
"The blue sky is like water, and the sky is clear in Wan Li. Is this a dream or an illusion? Jathyapple has floated into my eyes and integrated into my heart. "
Simply put, it is expanding sentences, expanding sentences.
But if you want to quote, you can change the sentence pattern on the basis of parallelism and repetition.
For example:
Is that the sound of a pipa? Even before she played, we could feel her feelings. (From Pipa)
Or the helpless voice of "saying yes"? (From a Song Yuan, I can't remember it clearly)
Or is my horse braying again and again? (Excerpted from Li Bai's Farewell to Friends)
Another silence of "no need to sing a song"? I don't remember where it came from. It's a poem anyway. )
There can be more changes, but it must be something similar, which is a bit hard to think about.
I am a junior high school student. If you are a high school student or even a college student, you should know more. Just bring it in yourself (* _ *).
In addition,
If the article wants to be archaic, you just need to reflect the archaism between the lines as much as possible, and you don't have to quote it.
The higher realm we are pursuing is just like the nocturne of E-Dasheng Tang Dynasty. Not one sentence is completely quoted, but every sentence is quoted from the classics, with allusions! If you can take advantage of this, you will be strong ~
I hope I can help you ~