If you know Mang Mountain, you will definitely read about it in ancient poetry. In China, many poems once praised this place. Tao Yuanming, a native of Jin Dynasty, wrote in his poem: "When we are a hundred years old, we will return to Beimang." Bai Juyi's poem said: "The good and the foolish, the noble and the humble, will die together. The tomb in Beimang is high and steep. In ancient times, I am not alone. I drink and sing before I die." "Yuan Hao of the Jin Dynasty asked "Beimang" and said: "Driving horses to the North Mang Plain, hesitating heavily. Rich and noble people for thousands of years have been scattered in this corner of the mountain." Wang Jianyou, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, said in a poem: "There is little idle land on the top of Beimang Mountain, and it is all Luoyang. "Old tomb of man". Bai Juyi left a poem: "If you don't follow Dongluoshui, whoever's family will be buried in Beimang Mountain". It seems that Beimang Mountain has been an ideal place for people throughout the ages to die.
If you don’t have a tour guide and want to come to Beimang Mountain, then I believe you will definitely come to Mangshan Town. What kind of town is this? It is no different from any other suburban village or town. After thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, this land is still gray-white. People in the town are still busy every day: people riding bikes, driving, going to work, going to school... There are many greenhouses for picking fresh fruits and vegetables near the town, and these greenhouses are the livelihood resources of these hard-working farmers. But Mangshan Town does not represent the real Mangshan. Where is Beimang? Beimang Mountain is located in the north of Luoyang City, Henan Province and on the south bank of the Yellow River. It is the remnant of the Qinling Mountains and a branch of the Weishan Mountain. According to "Henan Prefecture Chronicles", there are thirty-three peaks from Baima Mountain, the head of Mang Mountain, to Shenwei Mountain in the west. It passes through Mianchi, Xin'an, Luoyang, Mengjin, Yanshi and Gongxian counties, and is more than 380 miles long from east to west.
Looking from the north of Luoyang City, you can no longer see the mountains. All you see are tall buildings. Walking on Mang Mountain, you can’t feel the mountains either. All you feel are the ups and downs of the roads and scattered houses. , and the vast expanse of farmland.
But Mang Mountain is indeed right at your feet. It lay dormant there quietly, coldly overlooking the changing dynasties and changes in world affairs at the foot of the mountain. Watching it build tall buildings, watching it entertain guests, and watching its buildings collapse.
In the old days, Feng Shui masters mostly chose the cemetery based on the order of "looking for dragons, observing sand, observing water, and tapping acupoints". "Looking for dragons" is a very important link. The so-called "looking for dragons" means looking for "mountains with flowing vitality". A total of 24 emperors' tombs and tens of millions of tombs from the six dynasties of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty and Later Tang Dynasty were found in Beimang Mountain in Luoyang, so that "there is no free soil on Beimang Mountain". It is not without reason. No wonder Beiman Mountain in Luoyang is called the Mountain of Emperors. This is the basis for Mang Mountain to be called the "Dragon Vein of China".
The reason why Mang Mountain is known as the Dragon Vein of China is not only because of the direction of China's mountains, but also because it is close to the ancient capital Luoyang and its beautiful tigers, dragons, and bells. The purple air of Mang Mountain rises. At the same time, "Shouyang creates clouds (Fengshan wants to rain)" on Beimang Mountain, and rainy clouds and mist fill Fengshan Mountain. In the haze, Fengshan Mountain reveals its upright and majestic appearance; there is also "Mangyang Night View", The brilliant and colorful rays of light in the sky illuminate the entire Mang Mountain with splendor and reveal the imperial aura.
“Born in Suzhou and Hangzhou, buried in Beimang”, for thousands of years, from the Han and Wei dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, through the Five Dynasties to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, countless emperors and generals, wealthy businessmen, literati and ordinary people All were buried in Mangshan, Luoyang. The poems and essays about Beimang Mountain and the epitaphs on the ground and underground in the past dynasties have formed the unique Beimang culture. Beimang culture is the Heluo culture and the source and important part of Chinese civilization.
There are many ancient tombs on Mang Mountain, "a place without lying cows". There are 24 emperors from 6 generations buried in Mangshan. Including the tombs of the royal family and ministers, the total number is more than a thousand. If we include the tombs of ordinary people, the total number will reach hundreds of thousands.
Among the tombs that have been discovered, there are many emperors that are familiar to everyone. For example, emperors such as Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sima Yi, Sima Shi, Sima Zhao, and Sima Yan of the Western Jin Dynasty, Cao Pi, Cao Rui of Cao Wei, Liu Chan of the Shu Han Dynasty, and Li Yu, the later lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, are all buried here. More famous figures in history, such as Lu Buwei, Ban Chao, Meng Jiao, Di Renjie, Shi Shouxin and other princes, ministers, poets and scholars are also buried here.
Why do so many emperors and generals in China like to be buried in Mang Mountain after their death? Fundamentally, the rise of this statement is because Beimang Mountain meets the various indicators of a Feng Shui treasure land. In the traditional Chinese Feng Shui theory, mountains are a symbol of stability and profoundness, while water represents agility and flexibility. A reasonable combination of mountains and rivers is good Feng Shui. It also indicates that the tomb owner can rest on the mountain and step on the river after death, overlooking the world and all things. Although Beimang Mountain cannot be said to be majestic, its ups and downs are also unique. Coupled with the fact that it embraces the Yellow River and has mountains and rivers on its back, it is enough to be called one of the best in the world.
China's Mang Mountain has also influenced foreign countries. There is also a Mang Mountain in Seoul, South Korea, and many people are buried there after their death. Korean scholars believe that the Korean concept of "returning souls to Mang Mountain" may have originated from the Tang Dynasty in China. According to documentary records, there were 30,000 people studying at Luoyang Imperial College at that time, of whom Korean students accounted for about one-tenth. Among them, more than 200 of them who failed to return to China and died in a foreign land were buried together in Mangshan Mountain, called "Han Yuan". Other students who returned to China after completing their studies not only brought back academic classics, but also brought back Chinese customs and etiquette, bringing Seoul to Seoul. A nearby mountain was named "Mangshan" and a river was named "Luodong River".
When I visited the Luoyang Ancient Tomb Museum, I met a Korean tour group.
Most of these people are scholars over the age of 50 or 60. Their humility and admiration during their visit made us feel very proud.
Although tomb robbing on the mountain has not completely stopped since ancient times, the most serious damage to the tombs was caused by a railway in modern times. In 1905 AD, the Qing government borrowed money from Belgium to build the Bianluo Railway, and excavated soil on the southern section of Beimang Mountain. As a result, ancient tombs were constantly dug out, and the unearthed cultural relics were basically bought up by technicians working on the foreign roads at the scene, and were subsequently purchased one after another. Send back to Europe and America.
As soon as they heard that the things dug out of the ground were worth a lot of money, many brave villagers began to search for ancient tombs. There are so many ancient tombs, so obvious, they are just towering mounds. So these tomb robbers regard tomb robbing as a way to make a fortune. Under their "leading", dozens of villages in Beimang Mountain rushed to follow suit. A man named Li Yaya in Mapo Village invented the Luoyang shovel for finding tombs. For more than 100 years since the beginning of the last century, the magical "Luoyang shovel" has caused the Mangshan area of ??Luoyang, where China's ancient tombs are most concentrated, to have nine empty tombs out of ten, and a large number of ancient relics to leak out. The "Luoyang shovel" became famous. However, now the Luoyang shovel has become a standard equipment for archaeology
Now the Luoyang shovel has become a symbol of China's archaeological drilling tools. In the early 1970s, when a Chinese archaeological delegation visited Albania, they were presented with an exquisitely crafted Luoyang shovel. Now, there are electric Luoyang shovels.
If you want to come to Luoyang, you have to come to Beimang Mountain. Everyone is welcome to visit Luoyang, the ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties, and at the same time, witness the profoundness of Luoyang Beimang culture.