The pipa plays in parallel order
Bai Juyi
Famous sentence: The noisy and mixed bullets, big and small beads fall on the jade plate.
We are both fallen people in the world, so why should we have known each other before?
Introduction
"Pipa Xing" was written in the 10th year of Yuanhe (815), when Bai Juyi was demoted to the Sima of Jiujiang County. Jiujiang was a remote place at that time, and Sima was an idle official without any authority. This was the most frustrating period in the poet's career. One autumn night, he happened to meet the pipa girl on the river. The pipa girl's superb skills and wandering life experience aroused the poet's strong passion. As a result, he was full of resentment like a river bursting its embankments, and wrote this immortal narrative poem. Hong Mai, a native of the Song Dynasty, believed that the author's night encounter with the pipa girl was not credible. The author used fictional plots to express his hatred of "falling into the world". This statement can also be used for reference.
Original poem
In the tenth year of Yuanhe (1), he moved to the left to Sima, Jiujiang County (2). Next autumn, when seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard someone playing the pipa in the boat at night. When I heard the sound, there was the sound of Kyoto. When asked about the person, I was originally from Chang'an and advocated women. I tried to learn pipa from Mu and Cao, two talented people. Then he ordered wine ⑧ and asked him to play several songs ⑨ quickly. The song ends with pity, and he recounts the joyful things he did when he was young, but now he is drifting and haggard○1, moving among the rivers and lakes○12. In the second year after I left the official position, I felt peaceful and contented. I was grateful to the people who said that I began to feel the intention of relegation in the evening. Because the sentence is long ○16, the song is given as a gift ○17, and the six hundred and twelve words are ○18, and the life is "Pipa Xing" ○19.
The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night ○20, and the maple leaves and flowers bloom in autumn ○21.
The master dismounted and the passengers were on the boat ○2, raising the wine to drink without orchestra ○23.
If you are too drunk to be happy, you will have to say goodbye ○24. When you say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon.
Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water. The host forgot to return the guest and did not say ○25.
Who is the one who is secretly asking about the bomb? ○26? The sound of the pipa stopped and it was too late to speak ○27.
Move the boat closer and invite each other to meet ○ 28, add wine, turn on the lights and reopen the banquet ○ 29;
Only come out after calling for a long time, still holding the pipa and half-hiding his face ○ 30.
The strings are struck three or two times by the rotating shaft○31, and there is love before the tune is formed○32.
The strings cover the sound and the sound is thought ○3, which seems to be a complaint of failure in life○34.
The formalities of the low-brow letter are continued ○35, and the unlimited things in the heart are said ○36.
Lightly gathered, slowly twisted and wiped, the complex pick was ○37. It was originally a colorful dress and then the six yaoyao 38.
The big strings are as noisy as the rain ○39, and the small strings are as quiet as whispers○40.
Noisy and mixed bullets○41, big beads and small beads falling on the jade plate○42.
The orioles in Guan Guan are talking about the slippery bottom of flowers, and it is difficult to swim under the ice of Youyan Spring ○43.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass, and the sound gradually stops.
Don’t worry and hate yourself ○45. Silence is better than sound at this time ○46.
The silver bottle breaks and water slurry bursts out ○47, and the cavalry protrudes and the swords and guns roar ○48.
At the end of the song, be careful to draw ○49, and the four strings sound like a cracked silk ○50.
The boats in the east and west are silent○51, only the white moon in autumn is seen in the middle of the river○52.
Thinking deeply and plucking the strings ○53, straightening your clothes and concentrating your appearance ○54.
She said she was originally a girl from the capital city, and her family lived under the tomb of shrimp.
On the 13th, he learned the pipa and became a member of the first section of the teaching workshop ○57.
Qu Ba tries to teach good talents to wear clothes○58, and the makeup is always jealous of Qiuniang○59.
Wuling is a young man who is struggling with his head. He can’t count ○60 in a red silk song.
The silver grate on the tin head was broken into pieces○61, and the bloody skirt was stained by wine○62.
This year’s laughter will return to next year’s, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will easily reach ○63.
My brother left to join the army and my aunt died ○64, and the color of the night came and went ○65.
There are few cars and horses in front of the house. The boss is married to a businessman. 67.
Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, I went to Fuliang to buy tea.
Guarding the empty boat at the mouth of the river ○69, the moon is shining brightly around the boat and the river is cold.
Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth. I cried and cried, and my eyes were red with tears. ○70.
I sighed when I heard the pipa, and I groaned again when I heard the words ○71.
We are both fallen people at the end of the world○72, so why should we meet before?
I resigned from the Imperial Capital last year and was relegated to Xunyang City where I was ill.
There is no music in the remote place of Xunyang ○75, and the sound of silk and bamboo is not heard all year round ○76.
Living near the Huanjiang River, the land has low humidity ○7, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around the house ○78.
What did you hear during the day and night? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape moans ○80.
Flowers on the spring river and autumn moonlit nights ○81, I often drink wine alone ○82.
How can there be no folk songs and village flutes? It’s hard to listen to the hoarse and sarcastic music ○83!
Hearing your pipa language tonight is like listening to fairy music and my ears are temporarily bright.
Mo Cigeng sat down to play a song ○86, and translated it for you as a pipa line ○87.
I have been feeling this for a long time ○8, but sitting down makes the strings turn sharply ○89.
It’s so sad that it’s not like the sound of moving forward○90, and the whole house is crying after hearing it again○91.
Who cried the most ○92 in the audience? Jiangzhou Sima Qingshan wet ○93.
Notes
① The tenth year of Yuanhe: Yuanhe is the reign name of Tang Xianzong Li Chun (806-820), and the tenth year of Yuanhe is 815 AD. ②Yu: Same as "yu", me. To move to the left: to be demoted, to be demoted. Jiujiang County: Originally called Jiangzhou, it is located in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. The Jiujiang County, Xunyang City, and Jiangzhou mentioned in the poem all refer to Jiujiang. Sima: Official name, deputy position of the governor. ③湓(pén) Pukou: The ferry where the water flows into the Yangtze River is called Huanpukou, also known as Huankou. ④Zhengzheng (zhēnɡ): onomatopoeia, describing the sound of metal hitting each other. It is used here to describe the crisp sound of playing the pipa. Kyoto Sound: The sound of music popular in Chang'an, the capital city. ⑤Advocate for women: Advocate is the same as "prostitute", here it refers to singing girls. ⑥Taste: once. Shancai: A title given to skilled musicians in the Tang Dynasty. ⑦Fading color with age: As you get older, your appearance becomes aging. Commitment: Entrust yourself to others. In feudal society, women did not have an independent economic status, so marrying a man was considered a commitment. Weijia (ɡǔ): the wife of a businessman. ⑧Sui: So. Mingjiu: Instruct people to set up a banquet. ⑨Play a few songs quickly: Play a few songs happily. ⑩Ming Ran: A sad look. ○1 drift: wandering and wandering. ○12 Transfer (xǐ): Migrate from place to place. ○13 Official: demoted from a Beijing official to a local official. ○14 Tian (tián): calm, tranquil. ○15 Si people: This person refers to the pipa girl. Relegation (zhé) means: the unpleasant meaning of being demoted and moving abroad. ○16 is a long sentence: compose a seven-character ancient poem. People in the Tang Dynasty used to call seven-character ancient poems long sentences. ○17 Song: Chanting, reciting. It: refers to the pipa girl. ○18fan: The meaning of total ***. Six hundred and twelve words: six hundred and twelve words. The whole poem is actually 616 words, and the word "two" is probably a mistake in engraving by later generations. ○19 Fate: Name things. Xing: The integration of Yuefu lyrics, similar to "song", is generally called song Xing. ○20 Xunyang River: another name for the section of the Yangtze River that flows through the north of Jiujiang City. ○21 Rustle: The sound made by the wind blowing the vegetation. ○2 Owner: The author calls himself. Guest: refers to the friend sent by the author. This sentence says that the author dismounted and went to the ship where the guests were to bid farewell to the guests. ○23 Orchestra: wind and string instruments, generally refers to music. ○24 Drunk is not fun: Although you drink a lot of wine, there is no joy. ○25 Passengers are not departing: The ship is not departing without passengers. ○26 Search for sound: Search with the sound. Ask secretly: Ask quietly. ○27 Late to speak: Want to speak but hesitate. ○28 Move the boat closer: Move the passenger boat closer to Pipa Girl’s boat. ○29 Return to the light: Make the light brighter. ○30 You: Return. Half-face: Cover half of the face. ○31 shaft: There are four shafts at the upper end of the pipa, which are used to tie the strings. The rotating shafts can adjust the tightness of the strings. ○32 Not a tune: Refers to the "three or two strokes of plucking the strings" in the previous sentence but not a tune. ○3 Cover: refers to the low, melancholy tone that pops up. 思 (sì): thoughts, feelings. ○34 resembles a complaint: seems to tell. Unwilling: as "unsatisfied". ○35 Low eyebrow: lower your head. Xinshou: casually. ○36 "Speaking out" sentence: By playing the pipa, the infinite sadness that has been accumulated in the heart for a long time is expressed. ○37 Gathering, twisting, wiping, and picking: they are all fingering methods for playing the pipa. ○38 Begins to play Nishang: I started playing "Nishang Yuyi Song". Hou Liuyao (yāo): Later it was Liuyao, and later the "Liuyao" was played, and the word "wei" was omitted from the above. Liuyao: a popular dance music in the Tang Dynasty. ○39 Chaocao: Describes a heavy and long sound. ○40 Qingqie: describes the sound of music that is thin and urgent. ○41 Mixed: Two or more things are mixed together. This refers to the mixing of two sounds. ○42 "Big Pearl" Sentence: Describes the sound of big and small strings intertwined, like the sound of large and small pearls falling on a jade plate. ○43 Youyan: low-pitched crying. The sound here is described as weak, vague or absent. Difficult: describe stagnant and unsmooth. "Difficulty under ice" can also be solved by referring to "underwater beach". ○4 Bingquan Lengse: Describes the sound of music as stagnant and astringent as spring water under the ice. Cold and astringent: A feeling of stuffy throat. Xian Ning Jue: The string seems to have been frozen. Condensate: freeze. ○45 Sadness and hatred: the sorrow and resentment hidden in the heart. ○46 wins (shènɡ): exceed. One is "recovery". ○47 Silver Vase: A device for drawing water. Zha: suddenly. 迿 (bènɡ): jet. ○48 Iron Cavalry (jì): Elite cavalry wearing iron armor. ○49 plectrum: plectrum, a tool used to pluck the strings of the pipa. Watch out for the drawing: Use a plectrum to cross the four strings in the center of the pipa, a technique commonly used to "close the plectrum" at the end of a song. Painting: A technique for playing the pipa, also known as "sweeping". ○50 Like tearing silk: The sound is sharp, like tearing silk fabric. ○51 Fang (fǎnɡ): boat. ○52 only see: only see. ○53 Shen Yin: full of thoughts, hesitant to say something. ○54 Keep your face down: Show a serious and respectful look. ○5 Self-talk: Introduce yourself. ○56 Xia Toad Mausoleum: formerly known as "Xia Ma Mausoleum", it was located near Qujiang River in the southeast of Chang'an City (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty. It was the settlement of singers at that time. ○57 Jiaofang: A government-run institution in the Tang Dynasty that taught singing and dancing skills. ○58 server: admire, praise. ○59 Qiuniang: Most of the famous singing girls in the Tang Dynasty were named after Qiuniang, such as Xie Qiuniang, Du Qiuniang, etc. Generally refers to the beautiful singing girls in Chang'an at that time. ○60 Wuling young: refers to the wealthy children of Chang'an. Wuling: refers to the tombs of the five emperors of the Han Dynasty. Tangtou: In the Tang Dynasty, whenever the singing prostitutes finished playing, the silk or property given by the guests was called Tangtou. Red silk fabric (xiāo): a fine and light red silk fabric.
○61 diàn silver grate (bì): a hair grate with gold flowers and jewels on both ends. Silver: One is "cloud". Beating section: Beating the beat. ○62 blood color: bright red as blood color. pollute. ○63 Autumn moon and spring breeze: refers to the years of youth. ○64 Auntie: The leader of the singing girls in the church. ○65 Color reason: The appearance is aging. Therefore, the meaning of aging. ○6 There are few carriages and horses: It means that there are fewer distinguished guests coming to her to play. Chariot and horse: One is "saddle horse". ○67 Boss: I’m getting old. ○68 Fuliang: The name of the county in the Tang Dynasty. The county seat was located in the north of Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province. It was rich in tea and was an important tea distribution center in the Tang Dynasty. ○69 Qulai: "Go" means that the businessman has left. "Lai" is a particle with no real meaning. ○70 Dream Cry: Sad cry in dream. Tears of makeup: Tears streaming down the pink face. Red: Makeup on the face. Lanqian: describes the tears flowing freely. ○71 Heavy chirping: Sighing even more. ○72 Tianya: The horizon, generally refers to the human world. ○73 Imperial Capital: The capital city where the emperor lived, refers to Chang'an. ○74 Relegation: Demotion. ○75: remote place. ○76 Year-End: The whole year comes to an end. Silk and bamboo: refers to string instruments and bamboo wind instruments, here generally refers to music. ○7 Huanjiang: That is Huanshui. ○78 Huanglu: reed. Bamboo: A type of bamboo with green or lavender flowers blooming in April and May. The bamboo shoots produced are bitter in taste. ○79In the meantime: Among them, refers to the author’s residence area. ○80 Cuckoo: The name of the bird is said to be the soul of the ancient Shu Emperor Du Yu, so it is named Cuckoo or Du Yu. It is said that blood will flow from its mouth when it crows, so ancient poets often use "creeping blood" to describe its sad and sad sound. song. ○81 Spring River Flower Morning: A warm spring morning with flowers blooming. ○82 Duqing: pouring wine and drinking alone. ○83 vomiting mockery (zhāo)哳 (zhā): describes the sound as unpleasant, messy and fragmentary. ○84jun: refers to the pipa girl. Pipa language: refers to the pipa music she plays. ○85 Temporary ear clarity: The ears feel refreshed for a while. ○86More sitting: Sit down again. ○87 Translation: Write lyrics according to the tune. ○8Longjiu Li: Standing for a long time. ○89 Sitting: Return to the original seat. Tightening: Tightening the strings and setting the pitch higher. ○90 Desolate: It means desolate. ○91 Listen again: Listen again. Cover your face and cry: Cover your face and cry. ○92 among the people present: among the people present. ○93 Jiangzhou Sima: The author calls himself. Qingshan: blue official uniform. In ancient times, the color of official uniforms was determined by rank. In the Tang Dynasty, low-ranking officials wore cyan official uniforms. At that time, Bai Juyi was downgraded from the fifth grade to the ninth grade, so he wore cyan.
Translated Poems
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I was demoted to Jiujiang as a Sima. One night in the autumn of the next year, I went to see off a friend at Penpukou, and suddenly I heard someone playing the pipa in the boat. The clanging sound of the pipa has the charm of the capital city. After asking that person, I found out that she was originally a singer from Chang'an. She once learned to play the pipa from two famous teachers, Cao and Mu. Later, as she grew older, her beauty declined, and she married a businessman. I ordered the wine to be served and let her play a few more songs happily. After she finished playing, she felt very sad and recounted the joyful scenes of her youth; but now she is haggard and has no choice but to wander around in the world!
It has been two years since I was demoted from the capital. I was originally in a calm mood and content with the status quo. After listening to her words that night, I felt the feeling of being relegated, so I wrote this long poem for her, totaling 612 words (actually the whole poem is 616 words). It's called "Pipa Xing".
On an autumn night, I bid farewell to my friends on the bank of the Xunyang River.
The west wind rustled the maple leaves and flowers.
The host dismounted and walked into the guest's cabin.
He toasted and drank without music.
The two of them were about to say goodbye sadly.
They saw a bright moon reflected on the vast river.
Suddenly there was a burst of pipa sound from the river.
The owner forgot about the guests returning home and did not sail the boat.
Follow the voice and quietly ask who the player is?
The sound of the pipa stopped. She wanted to speak but did not.
He moved the boat closer and invited the guests to come out to meet him.
He lit the boat's lanterns and set out the banquet again.
She walked out after being called upon repeatedly,
still holding the pipa and covering half of her face.
She turned the piano axis and plucked the strings for only two or three times.
The tune was full of emotion before it was played.
Every string is sighing and the sound is mourning,
It seems to be telling the desolation of a life of frustration.
She kept playing with her head lowered,
Wanting to express the infinite sadness in her heart.
Gently gather it, slowly twist it, then pick it up,
First "nichang" and then "liuyao" constantly changing.
The sound of the big strings is as noisy as the storm,
The sound of the small strings is like a whisper.
The cacophony of sounds echoed together,
Like pearls of all sizes falling on a jade plate.
Sometimes the music is clear and graceful like an oriole flying under the flowers,
Sometimes the music is like the hard flow of spring water under the ice.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, as if the strings of the piano have been broken.
The sound of the piano gradually stops when the strings are broken.
At this time, a feeling of sadness and hatred emerged,
Silence is exactly better than a hundred times the sound.
Suddenly the sound of music was like a silver bottle bursting with water gushing out,
It was also like a team of cavalry rushing out of a chaotic formation of swords and guns fighting.
At the end, she scratched the plectrum through the center.
The sound of the four strings at the same time was like torn silk.
There was no sound in the boat in the east and west.
Only a bright moon reflected in the center of the river.
She hesitantly inserted the plectrum into the string.
Her whole dress looked serious and peaceful.
He claims to have grown up in the capital city since he was a child.
His family lives next to the Shrimp Tomb.
He learned to play the pipa at the age of thirteen.
His name was listed in the first class of the school.
After playing the music, the musicians are often impressed.
After dressing up, the ladies are jealous.
Children from wealthy families in Wuling area competed to give away their property.
It was impossible to count the number of red ribbons obtained by playing one piece of music.
The gold and silver jewelry on her head was broken by the beating of the beat.
The red skirt was stained by drinks countless times.
This year’s laughter continues into next year,
The autumn moon and spring breeze become an illusion year after year.
My younger brother went out to join the army and his aunt died of illness.
The ruthless time has caused aging to creep onto his face.
The front door gradually became deserted, and there were fewer and fewer cars and horses.
Finally, she married a businessman and stayed alone in the empty house.
Businessmen value profit and underestimate emotions.
I went to Fuliang to buy tea the month before last and never returned.
Let me guard an empty boat alone at the mouth of the river.
Surrounding the empty boat are only the cold river water and the moon.
Late at night, I often dream about the joys of my youth.
In my dreams, my tears mess up the red makeup on my face.
I have been sighing for a long time after hearing the sound of the pipa.
I am even more sad after hearing these words.
We are both wandering around the world.
Why do we need to have had a relationship before to meet each other?
I left Chang'an, the capital, last year.
After being demoted, I have been sick in the small town of Xunyang.
There is no music in the remote Xunyang City.
The sound of silk and bamboo cannot be heard all year round.
The residence is located near the Huanjiang River in low-lying and humid terrain.
Yellow reed and bitter bamboo grow around the residence.
What can you hear here sooner or later?
There are only the mournful cries of apes and the mournful singing of cuckoos.
Whether it is the morning when the spring flowers are blooming or the night when the autumn moon is shining brightly,
It is all about drinking to relieve loneliness and melancholy.
Are there no folk songs and village flutes here?
It’s too hoarse and noisy to enjoy.
Listening to the sound of your pipa playing tonight,
is like hearing fairy music, my ears and eyes are brightened.
Please don't say goodbye and sit down to play another song.
I want to write a poem about "Pipa Xing" for you.
After listening to my words, she stood for a long time.
Then she sat back and played the strings loudly and quickly.
The sound of the piano was sad and sad. Like the sound just now,
Tears were shed on the faces of everyone in the audience.
I want to ask everyone in the audience who sheds the most tears?
Jiangzhou Sima’s blue shirt has been soaked with tears.
Appreciation
"Pipa Xing" is a popular realist masterpiece. Many of its verses are engraved in people's hearts and are widely circulated among the people. The story it narrates is tortuous and touching, and the emotions it expresses can arouse people's emotions. The language is beautiful but not flashy, precise but not obscure. The content is close to life but has broad social nature. A masterpiece of narrative poetry.
As a long narrative poem, this poem has a rigorous structure, well-proportioned, twists and turns, and ups and downs. The first part is about seeing off guests on the river, and suddenly heard the sound of pipa, and made an explanation to lure out the pipa girl. The second part writes about the pipa girl and the pipa music she plays, which concretely and vividly reveals the inner world of the pipa girl. The third part is about the Pipa Girl's self-report of her life experience. The fourth part describes the poet's deep emotion and points out the main theme of the poem: "We are both fallen people in the world, so why should we know each other before we meet." The fifth part is played by the Pipa Girl again and moves the whole audience. The full text uses characters as clues, not only describing the life experience of the Pipa girl, but also describing the poet's feelings, and then converges on the two sentences "We are both fallen people at the end of the world". The tragic experience of the singer is written very concretely, which can be regarded as an overt line; the poet's emotions permeate between the lines, and ripple with the music played by the pipa girl and the constant changes in her life experience, which can be regarded as a hidden line. This light and darkness, one reality and one imaginary, make the plot ups and downs.
The most commendable thing about this poem is its description of the music of pipa.
From "The big strings are noisy like a pelting rain" to "At the end of the music, please be careful of the painting", the abstract and difficult-to-perceive music is simulated with vivid metaphors. It has both auditory and visual images. After reading it, It makes people feel the lingering sound and endless aftertaste. Among them, "Big beads and small beads fall on a jade plate", "Don't feel sad and resentful, silence is better than sound at this time" have become classic poems about music. A series of exquisite metaphors such as "hurrying rain", "whispers", "orioles' whispers", "spring flow", "beads falling on jade plates", "water bursting out of bottles", "riding swords", "split silk", are ingenious. Unparalleled. This music description is listed as four wonderful essays on classical music together with Han Yu's "Listening to Master Ying Playing the Qin", Li He's "Li Ping's Harvest Introduction" and Li Xin's "Listening to Dong Da Playing the Hujia and Conversing in the Confucius Room". However, because its metaphors are plain and appropriate, its language is fluent, and its emotions are rich, it is more widely circulated and well-known than the other three articles.